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ENGLISH VOWEL PHONEMES

SHORT VOWELS

e

æ

ɪ

ə

ʌ

ʊ

ɒ




LONG VOWELS



ɜː

ɑː



ɔː










DIPH- THONGS

ɪə ır

ʊə ʊr

eə er



ɔɪ



əʊ oʊ



TRIPH-THONGS

eɪə

ɔɪə

aɪə

əʊə oʊə

aʊə












BRITISH /r/

EXAMPLES

/r/ PRONOUNCED

/r/ SILENT

garden




/ˈgɑːdn/

pretty

/ˈprɪti/




car park




/ˈkɑː ˌpɑːk/

dirty




/ˈdɜːti/

write

/raɪt/




rock

/rɒk/




her English

/hɜːr ˈɪŋglɪʃ/




car engine

/ˈkɑːr ˌendʒɪn/




her Turkish




/hɜː ˈtɜːkɪʃ/



ALVEO–PALATALS = POST–ALVEOLARS = PALATO–ALVEOLARS


If you stress every word or syllable equally, you sound angry, impatient or you give negative feelings...

LINKING VOWEL to VOWEL

r/ + a vowel

/ˈeɪʃə r ən ˈjʊərəp/

Asia and Europe

/ɔː r/ + a vowel

/wɔː r ən piːs/

war and peace

/uː w/ + a vowel

/fjuː w æplz/

few apples

/uː w/ + a vowel

/duː w ɪt/

do it

/aʊ w/ + a vowel

/haʊ w ər/

how are

/əʊ w/ + a vowel

/gəʊ w aʊt/

go out

/əʊ w/ + a vowel

/gəʊ w əˈweɪ/

go away

/əʊ w/ + a vowel

/nəʊ w ɪt/

know it

/eɪ y/ + a vowel

/pleɪ y ɔːf/

play off

/aɪ y/ + a vowel

/waɪ y ɪz/

why is

/eɪ y/ + a vowel

/seɪ y ɪt/

say it

/ɔɪ y/ + a vowel

/əˈnɔɪ y əs/

annoy us




SPEAKING FLUENTLY, SMOOTHLY and FASTER

Linking consonant to vowel

/riːdNraɪt/ read and write

Linking vowel to vowel

/pleɪYɔːf/ Play off

Blending consonant to consonant

/gʊDɪnər/ good dinner



either

/ˈaɪðəʳ/

/ˈiːðər/

neither

/ˈnaɪðəʳ/  

/ˈniːðər/




TOOTH-RIDGE = GUM RIDGE = ALVEOLAR





VERB

ADJECTIVE

close

/kləʊz/

/kləʊs/


ENGLISH

TURKISH

Key to learning English

Key to learning Turkish

/ə/

ğ’

All the vowel letters make /ə/

ğ’ makes all the vowels long

/ə/ is the heart of English

/ğ/ is the heart of Turkish

/ə/ = 5 English letters

/ğ/ = 8 Turkish long vowels

ENGLISH LONG VOWELS = TURKISH SHORT VOWELS



‘We were given two ears but only one mouth, because listening is twice as hard as talking.’ (Larry Alan Nading)



Approximately % 84 of English words are PHONETICALLY regular.

(Wiley Blevins, 1998)





PHONEME

CHARACTER = PERSONALITY

LETTER

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE



read /red/

said /sed/

says /sez/



A DIPH-THONG counts as only ONE SOUND.



Suffixes and prefixes help us predict stress in words.



The /t/ is sounded like a quick /d/ when it is between vowel sounds.



SEMI-VOWELS = SEMI-CONSONANTS = GLIDES

w’ is a vowel when it is the middle or last letter of a syllable.

w’ is a consonant sound when it is the first letter of a syllable.

y’ is a vowel when it is the middle or last letter of a syllable.

y’ is a consonant sound when it is the first letter of a syllable.

w’ = short /ʊ/
If you keep /ʊ/ sound very short, /w/ = /ʊ/sound. /w/ sound is close to /ʊ/ sound. They are very similar

/wi/ = /ʊi/ /wen/ = /ʊen/ /wɒt/ = /ʊɒt/ /wɪndəʊ/ = /'ʊɪndəʊ/


Spelling Pronunciation

-bow          /baʊ/

-brown       /braʊn/

-cow           /kaʊ/

-down         /daʊn/

-how           /haʊ/

-now           /naʊ/

-power    /'paʊər/

-row         /raʊw/

-shower    /'ʃaʊər/

-towel     /'taʊəl/

-tower     /'taʊər/

-town        /taʊn/

-vow         /vaʊw/

-vowel     /'vaʊəl/

-blow     /bləʊw/           

-elbow   /'elbəʊw/         

-grow     /grəʊw/          

-know     /nəʊw/          

-low        /ləʊw/             

-own      /əʊn/             

-show     /ʃəʊw/            

-slow      /sləʊw/           

-snow   /snəʊw/          

-throw    /θrəʊw/           
Long vowel with ‘w’
-blew              /bluːw/

-chew            /tʃuːw/

-drew             /druːw/

-few             /fjuːw/

-flew              /fluːw/

-grew             /gruːw/

-knew            /njuːw/  

-new             /njuːw

-threw           /θruːw/
-bawl             /bɔːl/

-dawn            /dɔːn/

-draw            /drɔːr/

-jaw              /dʒɔːr/

-paw             /pɔːr/

-raw              /rɔːr/

-saw              /sɔːr/

-strawberry     /'strɔːbəri/

y’ = short /ɪ/

If you keep /ɪ/ sound very short, /j/ = /ɪ/ sound.  /j/ sound is close to /ɪ/ sound. They are very similar.


/jes/ = /ɪes/ /jʌŋ/ = /ɪʌŋ/ /juː/ = /ɪuː/
Letters Sounds

-buy              /baɪy/

-cry            /kraɪy/

-deny         /dɪ'naɪy/

-dry              /draɪy/

-fry             /fraɪy/

-guy             /gaɪy/

-my               /maɪy/

-rely             /rɪlaɪy/

-reply           /rɪ'plaɪy/

-satisfy       /'sætɪsfaɪy/

-shy              /ʃaɪy/

-sky              /skaɪy/

-why             /waɪy/

-away       /ə'weɪy/

-bay          /beɪy/

-day           /deɪy/

-lay           /leɪy/

-may          /meɪy/

-monday /'mʌndiy/ /'mʌndeɪy/

-pay       /peɪy/

-play         /pleɪy/

-say           /seɪy/

-stay        /steɪy/

-way          /weɪy/

-annoy            /ə'nɔɪy/

-boy                 /bɔɪy/

-coy                  /kɔɪy/

-destroy           /dɪ'strɔɪy/

-employ            /ɪm'plɔɪy/

-enjoy               /ɪn'dʒɔɪy/

-joy                  /dʒɔɪy/

-Joyce             /dʒɔɪs/

-Roy                  /rɔɪy/

-toy                  /tɔɪy/

Turkish spelling and pronunciation

plaj

/pi'læj/

pratik

/pırɑ'tik/

trafik

/tırɑ'fik/

plaket

/pilæ'ket/

plastik

/pilæs'tik/

prenses

/piren'ses/

planlı

/pilæn'lı/

program

/purog'rɑm/

problem

/purob'lem/

blöf

/bü'löf/

flört

/fü'lört/



cold-blooded

/ˌkəʊld ˈblʌdɪd/


ACCENTED SYLLABLES & BRITISH ‘R’

-absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli/

-abstract /ˈæbstrækt/

-accent /ˈæksent/ /ˈæksənt/

-accommodation /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn/

-according to /əˈkɔːdɪŋ tə/

-accurate /ˈækjərət/

-accusation /ˌækjʊˈzeɪʃn/

-acquisition /ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/

-adequate /ˈædɪkwət/

-administration /ədˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/

-admiration /ˌædməˈreɪʃn/

-admirer /ədˈmaɪərəʳ/

-admittance /ədˈmɪtns/

-adopted /əˈdɒptɪd/

-advanced /ədˈvɑːnst/

-adventure /ədˈventʃəʳ/

-advertise /ˈædvətaɪz/

-advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/

-adviser /ədˈvaɪzəʳ/

-affected /əˈfektɪd/

-affection /əˈfekʃn/

-afraid /əˈfreɪd/

-afterwards /ˈɑːftəwədz/

-aggressive /əˈgresɪv/

-alike /əˈlaɪk/

-all ˈright /ɔːl ˈraɪt/

-allegation /ˌæləˈgeɪʃn/

-allied /ˈælaɪd/

-allomorph /ˈæləmɔːf/

-allophone /ˈæləfəʊn/

-almost /ˈɔːlməʊst/

-already /ɔːlˈredi/

-also /ˈɔːlsəʊ/

-alternative /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/

-altogether /ˌɔːltəˈgeðəʳ/

-always /ˈɔːlweɪz/ /ˈɔːlwɪz/ /ˈɔːlwəz/

-amazed /əˈmeɪzd/

-analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/

-animation /ˌænɪˈmeɪʃn/

-annually /ˈænjuəli/

-any /ˈeni/

-any more /ˌeniˈmɔːʳ/

-anybody /ˈenibɒdi/

-anyone /ˈeniwʌn/

-anything /ˈeniθɪŋ/

-anyway /ˈeniweɪ/

-anywhere /ˈeniweəʳ/

-apparently /əˈpærəntli/

-appearance /əˈpɪərəns/

-application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/

-appropriate /əˈprəʊpriət/

-approximate /əˈprɒksɪmət/

-April /ˈeɪprəl/

-architecture /ˈɑːkɪtektʃəʳ/

-art /ɑːt/

-aspect /ˈæspekt/

-attraction /əˈtrækʃn/

-attractive /əˈtræktɪv/

-au pair /ˌəʊ ˈpeəʳ/

-audience /ˈɔːdiəns/

-aunt /ɑːnt/

-auxiliary /ɔːgˈzɪliəri/

-avalanche /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/

-award /əˈwɔːd/

-awful /ˈɔːfl/

-babysit /ˈbeɪbisɪt/

-bachelor /ˈbætʃələʳ/

-background /ˈbækgraʊnd/

-backward /ˈbækwəd/

-bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/

-baggage /ˈbægɪdʒ/

-ballerina /ˌbæləˈriːnə/

-bandage /ˈbændɪdʒ/

-bankrupt /ˈbæŋkrʌpt/

-barbecue /ˈbɑːbɪkjuː/

-barber /ˈbɑːbəʳ/

-bargain /ˈbɑːgən/

-bark /bɑːk/

-basically /ˈbeɪsɪkli/

-bathroom /ˈbɑːθrʊm/

-beard /bɪəd/

-beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/

-beautifully /ˈbjuːtɪfli/

-because /bɪˈkɒz/ /bɪˈkəz/

-behaviour /bɪˈheɪvjəʳ/

-belong /bɪˈlɒŋ/

-beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/

-besiege /bɪˈsiːdʒ/

-between /bɪˈtwiːn/

-bilabial /ˌbaɪˈleɪbiəl/

-bilingual /ˌbaɪˈlɪŋgwəl/

-birthday /ˈbɜːθdeɪ/

-biscuit /ˈbɪskɪt/

-bishop /ˈbɪʃəp/

-bitterly /ˈbɪtəli/

-blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/

-blind /blaɪnd/

-block /blɒk/

-blood /blʌd/

-blue /bluː/

-boast /bəʊst/

-bored /bɔːd/

-bottom /ˈbɒtəm/

-bowl /bəʊl/

-breast /brest/

-brilliant /ˈbrɪliənt/

-broad /brɔːd/

-broadcast /ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/

-browse /braʊz/

-brutal /ˈbruːtl/

-Bulgaria /bʌlˈgeəriə/

-bullet /ˈbʊlɪt/

-calculate /ˈkælkjuleɪt/

-campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/

-cancel /ˈkænsl/

-candidate /ˈkændɪdət/

-capital /ˈkæpɪtl/

-captain /ˈkæptɪn/

-capture /ˈkæptʃəʳ/

-careless /ˈkeələs/
-careful /ˈkeəfl/

-carnival /ˈkɑːnɪvl/

-carpet /ˈkɑːpɪt/

-carton /ˈkɑːtn/

-castle /ˈkɑːsl/
-caution /ˈkɔːʃn/

-cause /kɔːz/

-century /ˈsentʃəri/

-certain /ˈsɜːtn/

-certificate /səˈtɪfɪkət/

-chairman /ˈtʃeəmən/

-chalk



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