/ɑ/
-architect /'ɑrkəˌtɛkt/
-argue /'ɑrgyu/
-argument /'ɑrgyəmənt/
-arm /ɑrm/
-army /'ɑrmi/
-art /ɑrt/
-article /'ɑrt̬ɪkəl/
-artist /'ɑrt̬ɪst/
-artistic /ɑr'tɪstɪk/
-bar /bɑr/
-barber /'bɑrbɚ/
-bargain /'bɑrgən/
-bark /bɑrk/
-bazaar /bə'zɑr/
-calm /kɑm/
-car /kɑr/
-card /kɑrd/
-carpenter /'kɑrpəntɚ/
-cartoon /kɑr'tun/
-carton /'kɑrtn/
-charge /tʃɑrdʒ/
-Charles /tʃɑrlz/
-charm /tʃɑrm/
-dark /dɑrk/
-far /fɑr/
-farm /fɑrm/
-garden /'gɑrdn/
-guard /gɑrd/
-harm /hɑrm/
-jar /dʒɑr/
-large /lɑrdʒ/
-March /mɑrtʃ/
-mark /mɑrk/
-market /'mɑrkɪt/
-park /pɑrk/
-party /'pɑrt̬i/
-sharp /ʃɑrp/
-star /stɑr/
-start /stɑrt/
-yard /yɑrd/
-Bob /bɑb/
-borrow /ˈbɑroʊ/
-bother /ˈbɑðɚ/
-bottle /ˈbɑt̬l/
-bottom /ˈbɑt̬əm/
-box /bɑks/
-chocolate /ˈtʃɑklɪt/
-clock /klɑk/
-compensate /ˈkɑmpənˌseɪt/
-competent /ˈkɑmpət̬ənt/
-competition /ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən/
-complex /ˈkɑmplɛks/
-complicate /ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪt/
-compliment /ˈkɑmpləmənt/
-compliment /ˈkɑmpləˌmɛnt/
-composition /ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən/
-compound /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/
-comprehend /ˌkɑmprɪˈhɛnd/
-comprehension /ˌkɑmprɪˈhɛnʃən/
-comprehensive /ˌkɑmprɪˈhɛnsɪv/
-compromise /ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪz/
-concentrate /ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt/
-concentration /ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən/
-concept /ˈkɑnsɛpt/
-concert /ˈkɑnsɚt/
-conference /ˈkɑnfrəns/
-confidence /ˈkɑnfədəns/
-confident /ˈkɑnfədənt/
-conflict /ˈkɑnˌflɪkt/
-congress /ˈkɑŋgrɪs/
-conquer /ˈkɑŋkɚ/
-conquest /ˈkɑŋkwɛst/
-conscious /ˈkɑnʃəs/
-consequence /ˈkɑnsəˌkwɛns/ /ˈkɑnsəkwəns/
-constantly /ˈkɑnstəntli/
-constitute /ˈkɑnstəˌtut/
-content /ˈkɑntɛnt/
-contest /ˈkɑntɛst/
-context /ˈkɑntɛkst/
-continent /ˈkɑntənənt/
-contract /ˈkɑntrækt/
-contradict /ˌkɑntrəˈdɪkt/
-contrary /ˈkɑnˌtrɛri/
-contrast /ˈkɑntræst/
-contribution /ˌkɑntrəˈbyuʃən/
-conversation /ˌkɑnvɚˈseɪʃən/
-deposit /dɪˈpɑzɪt/
-doctor /ˈdɑktɚ/
-document /ˈdɑkyəmənt/
-dollar /ˈdɑlɚ/
-fog /fɑg/
-foggy /ˈfɑgi/
-follow /ˈfɑloʊ/
-foreign /ˈfɑrɪn/
-forest /ˈfɑrɪst/
-God /gɑd/
-golf /gɑlf/
-gone /gɑn/
-got /gɑt/
-gotten /ˈgɑtn/
-hobby /ˈhɑbi/
-hockey /ˈhɑki/
-homonym /ˈhɑməˌnɪm/
-homophone /ˈhɑməˌfoʊn/ /ˈhoʊməˌfoʊn/
-honest /ˈɑnɪst/
-honestly /ˈɑnɪstli/
-honor /ˈɑnɚ/
-honorable /ˈɑnərəbəl/
-horoscope /ˈhɑrəˌskoʊp/
-horrible /ˈhɑrəbəl/
-horror /ˈhɑrɚ/
-hospital /ˈhɑspɪt̬l/
-hostile /ˈhɑstl/ /ˈhɑstaɪl/
-hot /hɑt/
-involve /ɪnˈvɑlv/
-involved /ɪnˈvɑlvd/
-irresponsible /ˌɪrɪˈspɑnsəbəl/
-job /dʒɑb/
-jogging /ˈdʒɑgɪŋ/
-John /dʒɑn/
-knock /nɑk/
-lobby /ˈlɑbi/
-lock /lɑk/
-model /ˈmɑdl/
-modern /ˈmɑdɚn/
-modernize /ˈmɑdɚˌnaɪz/
-modest /ˈmɑdɪst/
-modify /ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ/
-mom /mɑm/
-mommy /ˈmɑmi/
-monarchy /ˈmɑnɚki/
-Moslem /ˈmɑzləm/ /ˈmɑsləm/
-mosque /mɑsk/
-not /nɑt/
-novel /ˈnɑvəl/
-novelist /ˈnɑvəlɪst/
-o’clock /əˈklɑk/
-obstacle /ˈɑbstɪkəl/
-obvious /ˈɑbviəs/
-occupation /ˌɑkyəˈpeɪʃən/
-occupy /ˈɑkyəˌpaɪ/
-October /ɑkˈtoʊbɚ/
-octopus /ˈɑktəpəs/
-odd /ɑd/
-offer /ˈɑfɚ/
-office /ˈɑfɪs/
-officer /ˈɑfəsɚ/
-on /ɑn/
-opera /ˈɑprə/ /ˈɑpərə/
-operate /ˈɑpəˌreɪt/
-operation /ˌɑpəˈreɪʃən/
-opportunity /ˌɑpɚˈtunət̬i/
-opposite /ˈɑpəzɪt/ /ˈɑpəsɪt/
-optic /ˈɑptɪk/
-optician /ɑpˈtɪʃən/
-optimist /ˈɑptəmɪst/
-optimistic /ˌɑptəˈmɪstɪk/
-optimum /ˈɑptəməm/
-option /ˈɑpʃən/
-optional /ˈɑpʃənl/
-orange /ˈɑrɪndʒ/
-pocket /ˈpɑkɪt/
-pop /pɑp/
-popular /ˈpɑpyəlɚ/
-population /ˌpɑpyəˈleɪʃən/
-positive /ˈpɑzət̬ɪv/
-possible /ˈpɑsəbəl/
-posture /ˈpɑstʃɚ/
-pot /pɑt/
-probable /ˈprɑbəbəl/
-probably /ˈprɑbəbli/
-problem /ˈprɑbləm/
-process /ˈprɑsɛs/
-product /ˈprɑdʌkt/
-profit /ˈprɑfɪt/
-progress /ˈprɑgrəs/ /ˈprɑgrɛs/
-project /ˈprɑdʒɛkt/ /ˈprɑdʒɪkt/
-promise /ˈprɑmɪs/
-proper /ˈprɑpɚ/
-property /ˈprɑpɚt̬i/
-prosecute /ˈprɑsəˌkyut/
-prospect /ˈprɑspɛkt/
-prosper /ˈprɑspɚ/
-proverb /ˈprɑvɚb/
-province /ˈprɑvɪns/
-qualification /ˌkwɑləfəˈkeɪʃən/
-qualify /ˈkwɑləˌfaɪ/
-quality /ˈkwɑlət̬i/
-quantity /ˈkwɑntət̬i/
-quarrel /ˈkwɑrəl/
-rob /rɑb/
-robber /ˈrɑbɚ/
-Robin /ˈrɑbɪn/
-rock /rɑk/
-rocket /ˈrɑkɪt/
-rotten /ˈrɑtn/
-shock /ʃɑk/
-shop /ʃɑp/
-shoplift /ˈʃɑpˌlɪft/
-shopping /ˈʃɑpɪŋ/
-shot /ʃɑt/
-soccer /ˈsɑkɚ/
-sock /sɑk/
-solemn /ˈsɑləm/
-solid /ˈsɑlɪd/
-solitary /ˈsɑləˌtɛri/
-solitute /ˈsɑləˌtut/
-solve /sɑlv/
-sorry /ˈsɑri/
-sponsor /ˈspɑnsɚ/
-spontaneous /spɑnˈteɪniəs/
-stop /stɑp/
-Tom /tɑm/
-top /tɑp/
-topic /ˈtɑpɪk/
-vodka /ˈvɑdkə/
-volcano /vɑlˈkeɪnoʊ/
-volleyball /ˈvɑliˌbɔl/
-volume /ˈvɑlyəm/ /ˈvɑlyum/
-voluntarily /ˌvɑlənˈtɛrəli/
-voluntary /ˈvɑlən ˌtɛri/
-volunteer /ˌvɑlənˈtɪr/
-vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/
-want /wɑnt/
-wash /wɑʃ/
-watch /wɑtʃ/
-yacht /yɑt/
Back vowel sound = velar
|
/ɑ/ /pɑːs/ /fɑːst/
|
Front vowel sound = palatal
|
/a/ /faɪn/ /haʊs/
|
Short vowel sound = middle
|
/ʌ/ /kʌt/ /bʌt/
|
The letter ‘e’ is not pronounced at the end of a word.
|
Read /rid/
|
Read /red/
|
Read /red/
|
/u/
-boot /but/
-cool /kul/
-food /fud/
-fool /ful/
-google /'gugəl/
-groom /grum/
-loose /lus/
-mood /mud/
-moon /mun/
-proof /pruf/
-roof /ruf/
-room /rum/
-root /rut/
-school /skul/
-shoot /ʃut/
-soon /sun/
-tool /tul/
-tooth /tuθ/
-zoo /zu/
-blew /blu/
-chew /tʃu/
-drew /dru/
-few /fyu/
-flew /flu/
-grew /gru/
-knew /nu/
-nephew /ˈnɛfyu/
-new /nu/
-news /nuz/
-newspaper /ˈnuzˌpeɪpɚ/
-review /rɪˈvyu/
-screw /skru/
-threw /θru/
-view /vyu/
-blue /blu/
-cruel /'kruəl/
-cruise /'kruz/
-flu /flu/
-fluently /'fluəntli/
-fruit /frut/
-group /grup/
-jeweler /'dʒuəlɚ/
-jewelry /'dʒuəlri/
-juice /dʒus/
-June /dʒun/
-lose /luz/
-move /muv/
-prove /pruv/
-rude /rud/
-true /tru/
-argue /ˈɑrgyu/
-argument /ˈɑrgyəmənt/
-beautiful /ˈbyut̬əfəl/
-beauty /ˈbyut̬i/
-communicate /kəˈmyunəˌkeɪt/
-computer /kəmˈpyut̬ɚ/
-confuse /kənˈfyuz/
-confusion /kənˈfyuʒən/
-consume /kənˈsum/
-consumer /kənˈsumɚ/
-continue /kənˈtɪnyu/
-contribute /kənˈtrɪbyut/ /kənˈtrɪbyət/
-cucumber /ˈkyuˌkʌmbɚ/
-due /du/
-duty /ˈdut̬i/
-future /ˈfyutʃɚ/
-huge /hyudʒ/
-human /ˈhyumən/
-humid /ˈhyumɪd/
-humorous /ˈhyumərəs/
-humour /ˈhyumɚ/
-institute /ˈɪnstəˌtut/
-issue /ˈɪʃu/
-menu /ˈmɛnyu/
-museum /myuˈziəm/
-music /ˈmyuzɪk/
-mute /myut/
-mutual /ˈmyutʃuəl/
-numerous /ˈnumərəs/
-produce /prəˈdus/
-pupil /ˈpyupəl/
-queue /kyu/
-reduce /rɪˈdus/
-refuse /rɪˈfyuz/
-rescue /ˈrɛskyu/
-schedule /ˈskɛdʒul/ /ˈskɛdʒəl/
-student /ˈstudnt/
-studio /ˈstudiˌoʊ/
-stupid /ˈstupɪd/
-suit /sut/
-suitable /ˈsut̬əbəl/
-suitcase /ˈsutkeɪs/
-super /'supɚ/
-tube /ˈtub/
-Tuesday /ˈtuzdi/ /ˈtuzdeɪ/
-tune /tun/
-tutor /ˈtut̬ɚ/
-union /ˈyunyən/
-unique /yuˈnik/
-unit /ˈyunɪt/
-use (n) /yus/
-use (v) /yuz/
-useful /ˈyusfəl/
-useless /ˈyuslɪs/
-usual /ˈyuʒuəl/ /ˈyuʒəl/
-usually /ˈyuʒuəli/ /ˈyuʒəli/
-value /ˈvælyu/
-youth /yuθ/
-actually /ˈæk(t)ʃuəli/ /ˈæk(t)ʃəli/
-actually /ˈæktʃuəl/ /ˈækʃuəl/
-annual /ˈænyuəl/
-annually /ˈænyuəli/
-casual /ˈkæʒuəl/ /ˈkæʒəl/
-eventually /ɪˈvɛntʃəli/ /ɪˈvɛntʃuəli/
-factual /ˈfæktʃuəl/ /ˈfækʃuəl/
-gradually /ˈgrædʒuəli/ /ˈgrædʒəli/
-graduate (noun) /ˈgrædʒuɪt/
-graduate (verb) /ˈgrædʒuˌeɪt/
-intellectual /ˌɪntəlˈɛktʃuəl/
-manual /ˈmænyuəl/
-mutual /ˈmyutʃuəl/
-mutually /ˈmyutʃuəli/ /ˈmyutʃəli/
-punctual /ˈpʌŋktʃuəl/
-usually /ˈyuʒuəli/ /ˈyuʒəli/
-virtual /ˈvɚtʃuəl/
-virtually /ˈvɚtʃuəli/ /ˈvɚtʃəli/
-visual /ˈvɪʒuəl/
NOTE:
INTONATION and SENTENCE TYPE
|
RISING / FALLING INTONATION
|
RISING INTONATION
|
STATEMENTS
|
YES / NO QUESTIONS
|
WH-QUESTIONS
|
|
COMMANDS
|
|
EXCLAMATIONS
|
|
NOTE:
GELENEĞE BAĞLI YAZIM DÜZENİ
|
TÜRKÇE, İNGİLİZCE, FRANSIZCA, ALMANCA...YAZILDIĞI GİBİ OKUNMAZ.
|
/ɔ/
-airport /'ɛrpɔrt/
-before /bɪ'fɔr/
-border /'bɔrdɚ/
-bore /bɔr/
-bored /bɔrd/
-call /kɔl/
-chalk /tʃɔk/
-corner /'kɔrnɚ/
-course /kɔrs/
-court /kɔrt/
-dormitory /'dɔrməˌtɔri/
-floor /flɔr/
-for /fɚ/ /fɔr/
-force /fɔrs/
-fork /fɔrk/
-form /fɔrm/
-formality /fɔr'mælət̬i/
-formerly /ˈfɔrmɚli/
-fortunately /ˈfɔrtʃənɪtli/
-fortune /ˈfɔrtʃən/
-forty /ˈfɔrt̬i/
-forward /ˈfɔrwɚd/
-fourteen /ˌfɔrˈtin/
-fourth /fɔrθ/
-more /mɔr/
-normal /'nɔrməl/
-north /nɔrθ/
-or /ɚ/ /ɔr/
-oral /'ɔrəl/
-orchard /'ɔrtʃɚd/
-orchestra /'ɔrkɪstrə/
-order /'ɔrdɚ/
-ordinary /'ɔrdnˌɛri/
-organ /'ɔrgən/
-organize /'ɔrgəˌnaɪz/
-poor /pɔr/ /pʊr/
-portable /'pɔrt̬əbəl/
-porter /'pɔrt̬ɚ/
-portion /'pɔrʃən/
-Portuguese /ˌpɔrtʃə'giz/
-pour /'pɔr/
-short /ʃɔrt/
-sport /spɔrt/
-storm /stɔrm/
-story /'stɔri/
-torch /tɔrtʃ/
-tortoise /ˈtɔrt̬əs/
-uniform /'yunəˌfɔrm/
-all /ɔl/
-also /'ɔlsoʊ/
-alter /'ɔltɚ/
-always /'ɔlweɪz/ /'ɔlwiz/ /'ɔlwɪz/
-bald /bɔld/
-ball /bɔl/
-fall /fɔl/
-false /fɔls/
-hall /hɔl/
-salt /sɔlt/
-small /smɔl/
-stall /stɔl/
-talk /tɔk/
-tall /tɔl/
-walk /wɔk/
-wall /wɔl/
-quarter /'kwɔrt̬ɚ/
-toward /tɔrd/ /tə'wɔrd/
-war /wɔr/
-warm /wɔrm/
-warn /wɔrn/
-dawn /dɔn/
-draw /drɔ/
-drawer /drɔr/
-flaw /flɔ/
-jaw /dʒɔ/
-paw /pɔ/
-raw /rɔ/
-saw /sɔ/
-strawberry /'strɔˌbɛri/
-bought /bɔt/
-brought /brɔt/
-caught /kɔt/
-naughty /'nɔt̬i/
-sought /sɔt/
-taught /tɔt/
-thought /θɔt/
-along /əˈlɔŋ/
-ball /bɔl/
-belong /bɪˈlɔŋ/
-borrow /ˈbɔroʊ/
-boss /bɔs/
-cost /kɔst/
-dog /dɔg/
-fog /fɔg/
-foggy /ˈfɔgi/
-foreign /ˈfɔrɪn/
-forest /ˈfɔrɪst/
-golf /gɔlf/
-gone /gɔn/
-horoscope /ˈhɔrəˌskoʊp/
-horrible /ˈhɔrəbəl/
-horror /ˈhɔrɚ/
-long /lɔŋ/
-off /ɔf/
-offer /ˈɔfɚ/
-office /ˈɔfɪs/
-officer /ˈɔfəsɚ/
-on /ɔn/
-quarrel /ˈkwɔrəl/
-quarter /ˈkwɔrt̬ɚ/
-soft /sɔft/
-song /sɔŋ/
-sorry /ˈsɔri/
-strong /strɔŋ/
-want /wɔnt/
-wash /wɔʃ/
-watch /wɔtʃ/
-wrong /rɔŋ/
NOTE:
Content words are strong ones that carry important imformation.
|
Function words are weak ones that make the grammar correct.
|
SHORT SCHWA
|
/ə/
|
UNSTRESSED
|
LONG SCHWA
|
/ɜ/
|
STRESSED
|
D
DIPH–THONGS
/eɪ/
-bake /beɪk/
-brave /breɪv/
-cake /keɪk/
-came /keɪm/
-case /keɪs/
-change /tʃeɪndʒ/
-date /deɪt/
-face /feɪs/
-female /ˈfimeɪl/
-game /geɪm/
-gave /geɪv/
-lake /leɪk/
-late /leɪt/
-make /meɪk/
-male /meɪl/
-name /neɪm/
-place /pleɪs/
-plane /pleɪn/
-plate /pleɪt/
-safe /seɪf/
-save /seɪv/
-state /steɪt/
-take /teɪk/
-wake /weɪk/
-away /əˈweɪ/
-day /deɪ/
-lay /leɪ/
-May /meɪ/
-pay /peɪ/
-play /pleɪ/
-say /seɪ/
-stay /steɪ/
-way /weɪ/
-afraid /əˈfreɪd/
-again /əˈgeɪn/ /əˈgɛn/
-against /əˈgeɪnst/ /əˈgɛnst/
-brain /breɪn/
-main /meɪn/
-paint /peɪnt/
-plain /pleɪn/
-rain /reɪn/
-straight /streɪt/
-train /treɪn/
-trait /treɪt/
-wait /weɪt/
-layer /ˈleɪɚ/
-player /ˈpleɪɚ/
/oʊ/
-alone /əˈloʊn/
-broke /broʊk/
-close /kloʊz/
-close /kloʊs/
-drove /droʊv/
-episode /ˈɛpəˌsoʊd/
-home /hoʊm/
-hope /hoʊp/
-joke /dʒoʊk/
-moment /ˈmoʊmənt/
-noble /ˈnoʊbəl/
-nose /noʊz/
-note /noʊt/
-ocean /ˈoʊʃən/
-open /ˈoʊpən/
-over /ˈoʊvɚ/
-owe /oʊ/
-phone /foʊn/
-rode /roʊd/
-rose /roʊz/
-spoke /spoʊk/
-stone /stoʊn/
-toe /toʊ/
-tone /toʊn/
-blow /bloʊ/
-borrow /ˈbɑroʊ/ /ˈbɔroʊ/
-elbow /ˈɛlboʊ/
-fellow /ˈfɛloʊ/
-follow /ˈfɑloʊ/
-grow /groʊ/
-know /noʊ/
-low /loʊ/
-own /oʊn/
-row /roʊ/
-show /ʃoʊ/
-slow /sloʊ/
-snow /snoʊ/
-swallow /ˈswɑloʊ/
-throw /θroʊ/
-boat /boʊt/
-coach /koʊtʃ/
-coal /koʊl/
-coast /koʊst/
-coat /koʊt/
-float /floʊt/
-foam /foʊm/
-goal /goʊl/
-goat /goʊt/
-load /loʊd/
-loaf /loʊf/
-local /ˈloʊkəl/
-oak /oʊk/
-road /roʊd/
-soak /soʊk/
-soap /soʊp/
-toast /toʊst/
-o /oʊ/
-ago /əˈgoʊ/
-donˈt /doʊnt/
-ghost /goʊst/
-go /goʊ/
-hello /həˈloʊ/ /hɛˈloʊ/ /ˈhɛloʊ/
-hero /ˈhɪroʊ/ /ˈhiroʊ/
-most /moʊst/
-mostly /ˈmoʊsli/ /ˈmoʊstli/
-no /noʊ/
-nobody /ˈnoʊˌbʌdi/ /ˈnoʊˌbɑdi/
-only /ˈoʊnli/
-post /poʊst/
-potato /pəˈteɪt̬oʊ/ /pəˈteɪt̬ə/
-so /soʊ/
-tomato /təˈmeɪt̬oʊ/
-won’t /woʊnt/
-zero /ˈzɪroʊ/ /ˈziroʊ/
-bold /boʊld/
-cold /koʊld/
-fold /foʊld/
-folk /foʊk/
-folklore /foʊklɔr/
-gold /goʊld/
-hold /hoʊld/
-old /oʊld/
-role /roʊl/
-roll /roʊl/
-scold /skoʊld/
-sold /soʊld/
-sole /soʊl/
-told /toʊld/
-toll /toʊl/
-lower /ˈloʊɚ/
-mower /ˈmoʊɚ/
-poem /ˈpoʊəm/
-poet /ˈpoʊɪt/
-poetic /poʊˈɛt̬ɪk/
-poetry /ˈpoʊətri/
-slower /ˈsloʊɚ/
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