Thereisa wide rangeof applications in usethrough C-band FSSnetworks.Some examplesofservices delivered through C-band satellitenetworks are distancelearning, telemedicine, universalInternet accessthrough low-cost VSATequipment, videotransmissionsto homes, videotransmissionsto cable head-ends for distribution tohomes,backhaul for linkingterrestrialmobilebase stationsto thecore network,andcommunications in supportof aviation airtrafficmanagement,amongother.
Thanks toitsrobust qualities, satelliteservicesoperated inC-band play avitalrole in recovery andreliefoperations formanydisasters, including those that occurred in recentyears such asthe2004Asian tsunami,the2010 Haiti earthquake, andothermajornatural disasterevents.
C-band is alsoused for theexchangeof telemetry,telecommand andcontrol(“TT&C”)informationbetween satellitesandearth stations usedto managetheir operations.Thisapplication requiresparticular protection fromall interferences,due tothe riskof losing controlof the affected spacestation(andtheassociated lossofcommercial/non-commercialservicessupported bythesatellite)
and the possibilityofcausing catastrophic damagetootherspacecraft.Dueto its high reliability,C-band is often used forTT&C satellite operations.
Some satelliteoperators use C-band frequenciesforMSSfeeder-links,throughwhich hundreds ofthousandsof customerscan enjoy connectivityonL-band mobile platforms–onland, at seaandinthe air –whereothercommunicationmeans are notavailable.This includessafetycommunicationservices, provided through C-band feeder links, for example, forGMDSSandAMS(R)S applications.The useofC-band for feeder-links for theMSSisofhigh importance for disasterrecovery andrelief,when terrestrialnetworkscannot fulfilthe communication needs after amajor disaster.
C-band is alsoused for thesupportofairtraffic control systems in regionswhereterrestrial coverageis pooror unreliable.Forexample, in Africa andLatinAmerica, theinterconnection between theremote VHF aeronauticalcommunication towersand the airtraffic controlcentres is providedbyC-band FSSsystems.OnlyC-band can cost-effectivelyprovidethenecessaryreliabilityfor such safetyservices.
Thecharacteristicsof C-band frequencies described in the previoussectionhave led to the use ofthis band forsatellite distribution ofTV broadcastchannels in many partsoftheworld.Thesetransmissions are either received directly by the enduser orthrough acable head-endfacility,whichthen re-distributes the signal to end users.Forexample, intheUnited States C-band FSSis used totransmitvideoprogramming to over7000cable head-endstations for subsequent distributionto 60millioncustomers. In Brazil, thereare over20millionC-band receiving earthstations.
Many of the countries where C-band is used with the greatest density of earth stations are in Africa.