Japan CP – Solvency – International Cooperation

Japan CP – Solvency – International Cooperation

It was noted with satisfaction that various valuable collaborations had been initiated and are ongoing following the first Japan-EU Workshop/Symposium on Climate Change held in Hakone/Tokyo in 1999 and the second EU-Japan Symposium on Climate Research in Brussels in 2003. Collaborations such as on climate modelling research using the Earth Simulator facility as being promoted between the Japanese ‘Kyousei Project 1-1 (K-1)’ group and the Hadley Centre of the UK Met Office were particularly welcomed and encouraged. Such collaboration is contributing to the forthcoming Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Moreover, EU and Japan are playing a leading role in the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) aiming at comprehensive, coordinated and sustained observations of the Earth system in order to provide better data support for effective decision making with regard to sustainable development and the use of natural resources.

These circumstances exist not only in Japan but everywhere in the world. International society has recognized the necessity of enhanced efforts toward a comprehensive Earth observation system and has taken a large step toward establishing the system. The urgent necessity of coordinated observations of the Earth system was emphasized at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) held in Johannesburg in September 2002. Reinforcement of international cooperation for global Earth observations was advocated at the G8 Evian Summit in June 2003. Japan expressed its willingness to positively contribute to forming an international cooperation framework for global Earth observations by proposing to hold a ministerial meeting in Tokyo. It was agreed at the 1 st Earth Observation Summit held in Washington, DC, in July 2003 that nations will cooperate to establish a comprehensive, coordinated, and sustained Earth observation system. The framework for a 10-year implementation plan to build up GEOSS (Global Earth observation System of Systems) was agreed upon at the 2 nd Earth Observation Summit held in Tokyo in April 2004. The GEOSS 10-year implementation plan was approved at the 3 rd Earth Observation Summit held in Brussels in February 2005. In response, each country now starts to implement GEOSS. Based on such international activities, the Council for Science and Technology Policy in Japan issued the “Earth observation Promotion Strategy” in December 2004 to clearly state the Japan’s basic policy in Earth observation and important issues to be strategically resolved.

Japan CP – Solvency – International Cooperation

Japanese soft power in international cooperation key to successful Earth monitoring
Council for Science and Technology Policy 5 (Government of Japan, 12/4, http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/project/envpt/english/pub/eops_finnal1.pdf, accessed 7-9-11, CH)

The current situation Contemporary Earth observation requires a large-scale infrastructure including observation platforms such as artificial satellites, ships and aircraft; observation networks including ground based observatories, radars, sondes (observation balloons), and oceanographic observation buoys; networks for the observation of solid Earth relating earthquakes, volcanoes, geodetic and geomagnetic phenomena; the accompanying information and telecommunication systems; and data systems for the management, storage and provision of observation data. While we need to use an observation system containing this large-scale infrastructure in order to meet the changing and diverse requirements of Earth observation, there are also indications that we will have to make substantial improvements and progress in the following areas: 1) the parameters of observation; 2) the quality of the data; 3) continuity and consistency; 4) time-space resolution, 5) time-space data coverage; and 6) convenience of access to data and information. Japan, Asia’s key nation, must take advantage of its geographical position, look beyond domestic needs and fulfill its share of responsibilities in the implementation of international Earth observation plans

Japan CP – Solvency – Funding

Funding for satellites—government push for space prominence
Japan Today 11 (1/12, http://www.houseofjapan.com/aeronautics/japan-promotes-satellite-industry, accessed 7-9-11, CH)

The government has decided to provide funding for developing countries’ space satellite projects under its official development assistance, government sources say. The first such aid funds are expected to be offered to Vietnam to help Japanese companies secure business related to a planned satellite launch by the Southeast Asian country. The government had previously opposed disbursing ODA funds for satellite projects on the grounds that the ODA program should primarily serve the goal of eradicating poverty. But Tokyo has changed its mind after seeing European countries successfully use ODA funding to benefit their aerospace industries. Japan now plans to extend low-interest, yen-denominated loans to emerging economies to support Japanese firms in the race to secure satellite-related deals abroad, they said. Since Seiji Maehara became foreign minister, the ministry has shifted its position on funding foreign satellite projects with aid funds as Maehara believes the government should help to promote Japanese infrastructure exports. Vietnam earlier asked Japan for loans to carry out its 30 billion yen project to build a space center and launch a weather satellite. Among Japanese companies, NEC Corp and Mitsubishi Electric Corp manufacture satellites. French and Belgian firms have already been awarded contracts in connection with the Vietnamese space program, apparently aided by their respective countries’ ODA. Japanese companies are afraid of falling behind Western competitors and only one Japanese satellite, with key components made by Japanese firms, has been delivered to a foreign buyer. Japan is aiming to export five to 10 satellites in five years’ time. The government earmarked funding for the development of advanced small satellites in its draft budget for the year from April. It will also send a delegation of government and corporate officials to Mongolia and Cambodia in February in the hope of winning satellite-related business.

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