Gonzaga Debate Institute 2011 Mercury Scholars seti aff


Impact Calculus – Contact Outweighs



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Impact Calculus – Contact Outweighs


Contact outweighs everything

Tough, Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto, ’00

(Allen, Foundation for the Future, 2000, “When SETI Succeeds: The Impact of High-Information Contact”, www.futurefoundation.org/documents/hum_pro_wrk1.pdf , p. 7, 21 July 2011) SW

In recent years, scientists and the general public have realized that intelligent life may well be found throughout the universe. It is extremely unlikely that we are the only civilization in our galaxy. It may even contain dozens or hundreds of civilizations scattered among its 400,000,000,000 stars. If we receive a richly detailed message from one of these civilizations or engage in a lively dialogue, the effects on our civilization could be pervasive and profound. Contact with intelligent life from somewhere else in our galaxy will probably occur sometime in humanity’s future. It might take the form of a richly detailed radio or laser message from the distant civilization, for instance, or a super-intelligent probe that reaches our planet. Such contact might occur next year, or 20 or 30 years from now, or not for 100 years, or even longer. Few events in the entire sweep of human history would be as significant and far-reaching, affecting our deepest beliefs about the nature of the universe, our place in it, and what lies ahead for human civilization. Seeking contact and preparing for successful interaction should be two of the top priorities on our civilization’s current agenda. Such contact will surely be an extraordinary event in all of human history. Over the next thousand years, several significant events will, no doubt, have a powerful, positive impact on human society. But making contact with another civilization will likely be the event with the highest positive impact of all. A few hundred scientists, social scientists, artists, engineers, and technicians around the world are currently involved in the search for such contact—the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). This volume, When SETI Succeeds , examines the potential impact on human culture, science, philosophy, and society. Any other civilizations in our galaxy are probably much older than human civilization. Two factors support this assumption. First, the vast majority of stars in our galaxy are much older than our Sun, many of them millions of years older. It follows, then, that any civilizations on planets revolving around those stars likely arose much earlier than our own civilization did. Second, it seems quite possible that some civilizations survive for a million years or even longer. If the civilizations in our galaxy range in age from a few thousand years up to a million years, then we are one of the youngest: by most definitions, human civilization is not much more than 10,000 years old.

AT: ETI won’t Communicate


ETI may have multiple motivations for communication
Benford, astrophysicist and in the department of Physics and Astronomy at UC Irvine, Benford, expert in high powered microwaves, 2011

(Gregory, James, “Smart SETI,” Analog Science Fiction & Fact, 131:4, p.33, April, NS)



What could motivate a Beacon builder? Here we can only reason from our own historical experience. Other possible high intelligences on Earth (whales, dolphins, chimpanzees) do not have significant tool use, so they do not build lasting monuments. Sending messages over millennia or more connects with our own cultures. Human history suggests (Benford G., 1999) that there are two major categories of long-term messages that finite, mortal beings send across vast time scales: • Kilroy Was Here: These can be signatures verging on graffiti. Names chiseled into walls have survived from ancient times. More recently, we sent compact disks on interplanetary probes, often bearing people’s names and short messages that can endure for millennia. • High Church These are designed for durability, to convey the culture’s highest achievements. The essential message is this was the best we did; remember it. A society that is stable over thousands of years may invest resources in either of these paths. The human prospect has advanced enormously in only a few centuries; the lifespan in the advanced societies has risen by 50% in each of the last two centuries. Living longer, we contemplate longer legacies. Time capsules and ever-proliferating 5 monuments testify to our urge to leave behind tributes or works in concrete ways (sometimes literally). The urge to propagate culture quite probably will be a universal aspect of intelligent, technological, mortal species (Minsky, 1985). Thinking broadly, high-power transmitters might be built for wide variety of goals other than two-way communication driven by curiosity. For example: • The Funeral Pyre: A civilization near the end of its life announces its existence. • Ozymandias: Here the motivation is sheer pride; the Beacon announces the existence of a high civilization, even though it may be extinct, and the Beacon tended by robots. This recalls the classic Percy Bysshe Shelly lines, And on the pedestal these words appear: 'My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings; Look on my works, Ye Mighty, and despair!’ Nothing beside remains. Round the decay of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare, The lone and level sands stretch far away. • Help! Quite possibly societies that plan over time scales ~1000 years will foresee physical problems and wish to discover if others have surmounted them. An example is a civilization whose star is warming (as ours is), which may wish to move their planet outward with gravitational tugs. Many others are possible. • Leakage Radiation: These are unintentional, much like objects left accidentally in ancient sites and uncovered long after. They do carry messages, even if inadvertent: technological fingerprints. These can be not merely radio and television broadcasts radiating isotropically, which are fairly

weak, but deep space radar and beaming of energy over solar system distances. This includes “industrial” spaceship launchers, beam-driven sails, “planetary defense” radars scanning for killer asteroids, and cosmic power beaming driving interstellar starships with beams of lasers, millimeter or microwaves. There are many ideas about such uses already in the literature (Benford & Benford, 2006). • Join Us: Religion may be a galactic commonplace; after all, it is here. Seeking converts is common, too, and electromagnetic preaching fits a frequent meme.





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