Grand Masters of the United Grand Lodge of England [ugle] and of Scotland
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John Theophilus Desaguliers, LLDhttp://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/~eugeniik/history/desaguliers.html b. March 12, 1683, Rochelle, France; d. February 29, 1744. Elected the third Grand Master of England in 1719, Desaguliers was a zealous collector of early masonic manuscripts. Although attributed to Dr. James Anderson, the General Regulations found in the first edition of the Constitutions were compiled under his supervision. Grand Master, 1719 Deputy Grand Master, 1723, 1725, Grand Lodge of England Jean Theophile Desaguliers was a son of a Protestant minister, a Huguenot who sought refuge in England in 1685 after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. A demonstrator for the Royal Society, he made the first generalizations of the two kinds of electricity. 1) A body electrical per se, is such a body in which one may excite electricity by rubbing, patting, hammering, melting, warming, or any other action on the body itself. 2) A non-electric is such a body as cannot be made electrical by any action upon the body itself immediately, though it is capable of receiving the virtue (electricity) from an electric. Non-electrics were called conductors by Desaguliers. This sounds like a contradiction in terms, but if you realize that a piece of metal can not be electrified by rubbing you may see the connection. B  etween 1729 and 1736, two English friends, Stephen Gray and Jean Desaguliers performed a series of experiments which showed that a cork or other object as far away as 800 or 900 feet could be electrified by connecting it to a rubbed glass tube with materials such as metal wires or hempen string. They found that other materials, such as silk, would not convey the effect. As a matter of fact, they discovered in early, painstaking experiments that the distant object would not become electrified if the transmission line made contact with the earth, but only if they separated or insulated it from the earth by suspending it on silken threads.
Gray had previously shown that solid or hollow objects of any given material behave the same way when electrified. From all these experiments, it became clear that electrification is a surface effect; that the electric "virtue" or "fluid" would move freely along some materials-named, by Desaguliers, "non-electrics" or "conductors" - from one body to another. The earth, the human body, metals, moisture are immediately recognized as conductors. Materials which do not conduct electricity came to be called nonconductors or insulators. A metal rod or sphere when held in the hand and rubbed with fur shows no sign of electrification, but when mounted on a nonconductor, the metal is readily electrified. The electrical charge is no longer conducted away to be shared with the huge object which is the earth. When this was realized, it was found that practically any material can be electrified by friction. Water is found to be a conductor. It renders insulators conducting when the surfaces are wet or moist. This makes understandable the rapid loss of charge by electrified bodies on humid days. Jean Theophile Desaguliers was an ardent advocate of Newtonian optics, on which he lectured and gave demonstrations. His research on colour and binocularity was important for the science. In 1716 Desaguliers reported a method of binocular combination that became widely employed in other studies of binocular vision, namely, placing an aperture in such a position that two more distant, adjacent objects were in the optical axes of each eye. Under these circumstances red and green patches of silk did not mix after the manner of combining prismatic lights, but engaged in rivalry. Desaguliers also investigated size perception and showed that apparent size was determined by apparent distance rather than physical distance. Moreover, he did not base his conclusions on his own observation but on those of 'any unprejudiced Person'. Thus, both stimulus control and the use of the unbiased observer were employed in eighteenth century experimental studies of vision. Directory: sites -> default -> files -> history files -> Nstructions for Acquiring Excess Equipment online, through the 1033 Program files -> Occupational health and safety files -> The Black Panther Party’s Ten Point Program files -> International programs roel profile files -> Fermi Questions a guide for Teachers, Students, and Event Supervisors Lloyd Abrams, Ph. D. DuPont Company, cr&D/ccas experimental Station Wilmington, de 19880 files -> Personal Information Name: Maha Al-Ammari Nationality: Saudi Relationship Status history -> History of the Third Masonic District Grand Lodge of the State of New York history -> Freemasons of New York State in the Civil War history -> Grand Lodge of New York Masonic Lodge Histories Lodge Nos. 201-230 Download 7.35 Mb. Share with your friends:
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