Ad Hoc Wireless ATM connection management

Ad Hoc wireless Handoff management

MAC in Ad Hoc wireless ATM

3. 
   CONCLUSIONS
   

In this paper, we give a thorough review on existing strategies for implementing QoS on mobile WATM network.

While most previous studies on MAC protocol focus on error free assumption, this assumption is not true for wireless communication. Thereby, MAC design should be coupled with an error control method (channel interleaving, FEC and ARQ) to get better performance.

It can be seen that some kind of combination of those techniques may be an appropriate strategy for the MAC of WATM.
B. QoS through Routing: The problems incurred during handoff, like disruption, cell loss and signaling overhead will have a significant impact on the user-perceived quality of service (QoS). Many approaches have been proposed to solve this problem. Therefore, a thorough study of presented rerouting protocols is a must in providing QoS guarantee in WATM. In Section 3, by a meticulous study of present rerouting schemes, we find that, in general, all rerouting schemes can be classified into several classes, which is shown in Figure 3-2. An analysis of some typical proposed rerouting schemes is also given. With this result, we provide some rerouting scheme design issues.

C. QoS Adaptation: Mobile and wireless networks may suffer from temporary channel fading and high bit error rate which make it very hard to predict the behavior of the wireless transmission channel over a prolonged period. Therefore, resource reservation in the wireless part can never guarantee unconditional and hard availability of negotiated QoS. The adaptive resource management can be used on the following framework to achieve better performance:

• 
  At call setup, applications negotiate the end-to-end QoS with the network
  
• 
  During the connection lifetime, resources are fairly managed among adaptable flows.
  

Traditionally, network protocol design follows a horizontal approach, where clear interface between different layers are well defined, and optimization is done inside individual layers. This is necessary to address compatibility and complexity problems, which are dominant considerations for computer network. But it also put two much constrains for designers to do optimization from a system perspective. In the design of WATM with QoS support, a vertical design approach can be chose, where optimization is done across the boundary of layers. In fact, on the one hand, radio physical channel implementation has a big impact on what can be done in MAC; on the other hand, application and routing protocol put some requirements on what kinds of services should be provided from MAC.

Based on the survey results, a rough design guideline for the design of a protocol to guarantee QoS for mobile WATM systematically can be summarized as following: (1) CDMA, TDMA and CSMA/CA can be combined to form a new medium access protocols. The RTS and CTS can be used to solve the “hidden terminal” and the “exposed terminal” problems and speed up the retransmission. CDMA channel separation avoids disruption of any ongoing transmission by an intruder. By using a common control channel, dynamic code assignment can be used to support mobility as well as environment information to upper layer for the purpose of optimization, etc. TDMA can be used to coordinate the transmission of CDMA-based mobile terminal. (2) Complicated rerouting schemes can be applied. Some schemes are good for small handoff delay. Others provide optimal paths. Complicated schemes may be designed to make good use of the advantage of them by combing the basic schemes. For example, a scheme can use path extension to guarantee small handoff delay while use dynamic rerouting to get optimal path after the buffered cells being forwarded. (3) QoS adaptation technique can be further incorporated into future WATM system to provide additional QoS support.


Acknowledgements
We want to express our sincere appreciation to Prof. Jean Walrand for his fruitful discussion and comments.

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