Homes for Women / Toits pour elles a compilation of Recommendations to address women’s homelessness in Canada from Research Reports Available in electronic format on homesforwomen ca “News and Events” Table of Contents



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Protect Tenants


Governments must live up to the International Covenants they are party to and reform the Landlord and Tenant Acts to protect the human rights of tenants. Without changes to the Acts, legal redress is not possible. There is no recourse open or mechanisms available to tenants and agencies working to assist them. [You Just Blink...]

The Federal Government should work with the provinces and territories to ensure there is a consistent framework of tenant protection law that meets the standards required by human rights obligations. [UN-ECOSOC]



Protection against discrimination

Discriminatory practices in housing should be addressed by ensuring that victims have access to legal representation and, where a quick settlement is not reached, prompt access to hearings and remedies. Systemic and widespread discrimination should be investigated by human rights commissions and legal and practical solution implemented. Specific funding should be directed to groups particularly vulnerable to discrimination including women, Aboriginal people, the elderly, people with mental or physical disabilities, youth and migrants, to ensure they can challenge housing discrimination effectively. [UN-ECOSOC]

Additional concerns that need to be addressed relate to discriminatory practices that exist in both non-profit and private housing. [You Just Blink...]

Improve programs to educate prospective tenants on their rights, increase ease of reporting housing discrimination, and strengthen remedies for human rights abuses. [Better Off in a Shelter?...]

Educate private market landlords to avoid discrimination on the basis of income, receipt of social assistance, and family size as well as race, gender, and country of origin. [Better Off in a Shelter?...]

Rent control

A ceiling on rental rates must be applied, even in circumstances where income rises for a few months, because many women obtain seasonal work and by the time the increased income is assessed, the earnings have already been spent and their income has decreased. [You Just Blink...]




Recognize and implement right to housing


The UN Special Rapporteur believes that the legal recognition of the right to adequate housing is an essential first step for any State to implement the human rights to adequate housing of the people under its protection. Therefore, the Special Rapporteur strongly recommends that the right to adequate housing be recognized in federal and provincial legislation as an inherent part of the Canadian legal system. [UN-ECOSOC]

The authorities should take advantage of the outstanding level of academic analysis of right to housing issues available in Canada to implement the detailed recommendations contained in the Ontario Human Rights Commission report. [UN-ECOSOC]

The definition of “core housing need” should be revised to include all the elements of the right to adequate housing and the federal government should collect reliable statistical data on all such dimensions. [UN-ECOSOC]

All levels of government should be held legally liable for violations of provincial, national and international human rights legislation. [Voices]

The Landlord-Tenant Board and Ontario Works should consider the primacy of the human right to housing and to an adequate income when making decisions, for example, on evictions and cuts to individuals’ social assistance

benefits. [Better Off in a Shelter?...]



Rights of Indigenous women

  • The right to adequate housing carries state obligations beyond simply providing shelter, and instead articulates the right to live in security, peace and dignity.[1] The UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples declares that all Indigenous peoples have the right to the improvement of economic and social conditions, including, in the areas of education, employment, career/job training, housing, sanitation, health and social security (Article 21.1). [Gender Matters]

The right to adequate housing should be recognized by the federal government as an Aboriginal treaty right, arising from the Federal government’s fiduciary responsibility with respect to Aboriginal peoples. To this end, the federal government has an obligation to clarify with treaty nations a modern understanding of existing treaty terms as they apply to housing. Governments also have an obligation to ensure that Aboriginal women, men and children have adequate shelter, and short and long term means to provide for their own housing needs. [Barriers]

Aboriginal women have used the Charter in a limited way to enforce their equality rights. This avenue of recourse could be pursued further as a means of improving their housing and living conditions and the discrimination they suffer both on and off reserve. To the extent that they are not already doing so, Aboriginal women should pursue international human rights enforcement mechanisms such as the complaints procedures available under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to address their experiences of discrimination with respect to property rights upon marriage dissolution and other experiences of discrimination. [Barriers]



3. Systemic Discrimination & Inclusion

Address Residential School and Colonial Legacies


  • Sustained wrap around services and supportive housing for Aboriginal women and girls who are homeless, dealing with impacts of residential school trauma, including violence, mental health and addictions issues. [Gender Matters]

Widespread education of all Canadians about the truth of the residential schools’ impacts on First Nations, Inuit and Métis women, and a commitment of targeted funds to ensure gender-specific recommendations arising from the findings of Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission are implemented. [Gender Matters]

Reinstate, sustained funding for holistic community-led, education and wellness programs. These programs should aim to repair community cohesion, restore respect for gender balance/equality, help people deal with multiple grief and loss, diminish violence against women and girls, and all forms of abuse. [Gender Matters]

Recognize that inter-generational residential school survivors’ issues have gender- specific impacts and require a long-term strategy with dedicated resources. [Gender Matters]

…Federal/ Provincial and Territorial Status of Women Ministries to support programs which address the historic and collective trauma and violence that has resulted from residential schools. [Gender Matters]

…First Nations, Inuit and Métis leaders and representative organizations to collaborate in the development of a national strategy to end Violence against Aboriginal women and girls, while addressing all gender-specific legacies of residential schools. [Gender Matters]

…financial resources prioritized from the Department of Justice Canada, to deliver culturally relevant, gender specific programs for First Nations, Inuit and Métis women and girls to address internalized violence, ‘student on student’ abuse and all forms of violence and discrimination, resulting from Indian residential schools. [Gender Matters]



Matrimonial Property

Resolve the lack of matrimonial real property protections for Aboriginal women living on reserve. [Aboriginal Women and Homelessness…]





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