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WisdomUnderstanding clearly which knowledge to use for what purpose and wisdom is the ability to make correct judgments and decisions. Wisdom goes beyond knowledge. Many people think it is an intangible quality gained through experience. According to Encarta, wisdom is the accumulated knowledge of life, or of a sphere of activity that has been gained through experience. Wisdom is often determined in a pragmatic sense by popularity, longevity and the ability to predict future events. Wisdom is also accepted from cultural, philosophical and religious sources. Some think of wisdom as foreseeing consequences and acting in a manner that maximizes beneficial results. For many, wisdom connotes an enlightened perspective, something used for the long-term common good; recall King Solomon in the Bible. According to Andrew Hargaddon, a well known researcher in the area of innovation, if knowledge is the grasp we have over a subject, wisdom is the grip. A wise person is not only knowledgeable but is also prepared to give up existing knowledge for new knowledge when the situation demands. Work AmbienceThe physical work environment. Work ambience has an impact on knowledge work productivity. Knowledge workers prefer to work in closed offices but seem to communicate better in open ones. Since knowledge workers like to collaborate, there must be meeting spaces and conference rooms. But when concentration is necessary, knowledge workers require quiet settings with few distractions. Knowledge workers like flexibility and occasionally they like to work at home. But they don’t want their homes to be their only offices. They want to come together from time to time and exchange notes about their work. Knowledge workers vary in their tasks and needs. So the most optimal physical work environment may well vary across workers. Transaction workers need work environments in which they can concentrate on their transactions, while sitting at their desk. Expert workers also want to concentrate while doing their work, but they may need more space to keep books, journals, etc. which they may refer from time to time. Integration workers need an environment in which they can easily communicate with coworkers. The right approach to workplace design depends on various factors: How homogeneous is the organization? How important is it for the organization to align knowledge workers’ needs and their work settings? How much freedom does the management want to give knowledge workers in designing their work space? How much is the company willing to invest? Firms predominantly engaged in one type of work can provide one standard work setting for all employees. Those with a moderate degree of segmentation can group their employees into a limited number of categories and assign pre-defined work settings to each. Yet other firms need to have different work settings for different groups of employees. (See also: Caves and Commons) Workflow Management ToolsTools which facilitate process management in information intensive organizations. Essentially an offshoot of traditional flowcharting tools, workflow tools help specify the movement of documents and facilitate a better understanding of information processes. Workflow software can be used to remake and streamline business processes. It focuses on the steps that make up processes and redesigns these steps. Work is routed automatically from employee to employee. Workflow software effectively helps in eliminating paperwork and bureaucracy. Such software also makes the management of projects and activities more transparent. X
A programming language that allows for the creation of customized tags for individual information fields. XML is essentially a Web-based markup language that allows a wide range of user-defined tags. XML is an updated version of HTML. XML not only describes the way to lay out content on a web page for display or printing, but also describes the nature of the content. XML provides a simple way to handle data exchange over the Internet. Whereas HTML is limited to describing how data should be presented in the form of web pages, XML can present, communicate and store data. An XML file can contain the data too, as in a database. HTML has an inflexible, single-purpose vocabulary of elements and attributes. XML makes it easier to write software that accesses the document’s information, since the data structures are expressed in a formal, relatively simple way. The easy availability of word processors facilitates rapid XML document authoring and maintenance. Before the arrival of XML, there were very few data description languages that were general-purpose, Internet protocol-friendly, and easy to learn and author. In fact, most data interchange formats were proprietary, special-purpose, “binary” formats that could not be easily shared by different software applications or computing platforms. XML makes it possible for computers to manipulate and interpret their data automatically and perform operations on the data, without any human intervention. Programmed rules can be used for applying and displaying data. XML provides a standard format for data exchange, enabling web services to pass data from one process to another. XML database management systems are commonly used in B2B e-commerce. Because they use documents and not tables, they can perform much faster than conventional database systems. It is much easier for people to exchange data without getting involved in the underlying database design. Y
A colloquial term for an expertise directory. It provides a list of experts, a brief account of their expertise and their contact details. (See also: Expertise Directory) Z
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