Chicago Debate League 2013/14 Core Files
NC Extensions: A/t – #1 “No Link” [1/2] 224
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- 2NC Extensions: A/t – 1 “No Link” [2/2] 225
- 2NC Extensions: A/t – 2 “Many Causes of Corruption” 226
- 2NC Extensions: A/t – 3 “Case Outweighs” 227
2NC Extensions: A/t – #1 “No Link” [1/2] 2241) Economic assistance doesn’t go to the people, it goes through government agencies looking to get more assistance. This encourages them to stifle good policies in order to continue qualifying for aid, as well as creates corruption when officials pocket the money. Our evidence is specific to U.S. economic assistance, which links to the plan. They haven’t provided any credible warrant for why the plan would be different from all foreign assistance of the past. Extend our EAR evidence. 2) More Link evidence: Aid fuels corruption by encouraging bad governments to maintain the status quo, or pander for more assistance. It discourages making tough policy choices to improve democracy or transparency. MOYO, 09 [Dambisa, former economist at Goldman Sachs; “Why Foreign Aid Is Hurting Africa,” 3/21, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123758895999200083.html] A nascent economy needs a transparent and accountable government and an efficient civil service to help meet social needs. Its people need jobs and a belief in their country's future. A surfeit of aid has been shown to be unable to help achieve these goals. A constant stream of "free" money is a perfect way to keep an inefficient or simply bad government in power. As aid flows in, there is nothing more for the government to do -- it doesn't need to raise taxes, and as long as it pays the army, it doesn't have to take account of its disgruntled citizens. No matter that its citizens are disenfranchised (as with no taxation there can be no representation). All the government really needs to do is to court and cater to its foreign donors to stay in power. Stuck in an aid world of no incentives, there is no reason for governments to seek other, better, more transparent ways of raising development finance (such as accessing the bond market, despite how hard that might be). The aid system encourages poor-country governments to pick up the phone and ask the donor agencies for next capital infusion. It is no wonder that across Africa, over 70% of the public purse comes from foreign aid. 2NC Extensions: A/t – #1 “No Link” [2/2] 2253) Other countries will pocket U.S. assistance without changing behaviors because free money gives incentives to continue misbehaving. LEVIN, 00 [Yuval, fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center; “American Aid to the Middle East: A Tragedy of Good Intentions,”http://www.israeleconomy.org/strat11/strategic11.pdf] Far from strengthening America’s allies and fostering compliance among America’s clients, U.S. aid has harmed the economies of Israel and other allies, while failing to restrain Egyptian and Palestinian misbehavior. Nevertheless, U.S. policy makers are wedded to aid because they hope that the economic “carrot” will lead the Middle East away from clashes between interests and powers, and toward a comprehensive peace. U.S. policy seems to be based on a sense that the old ways of doing things in international affairs are no longer relevant, that history as we have known it is nearing a sort of end, and that we now stand at the threshold of a whole new world. Americans (and Israelis) who think this way ignore the actual behavior of the Arab states in part because the vast sums of American money involved give recipients an incentive to play along and donors a means to justify their commitment. Thus it may be said that Americans pay for the blindfolds that cover their eyes. 2NC Extensions: A/t – #2 “Many Causes of Corruption” 2261) U.S. assistance encourages other countries to lie about their progress and work against U.S. interests which causes corruption to increase. Their evidence outlines government policies that support corruption, which proves our argument. Extend our LEVIN evidence. 2) This takes out Affirmative solvency because they have conceded that the plan does not address the root causes of corruption. If we win that corruption prevents economic assistance from being used effectively, then they can’t win the plan will work. 3) Aid goes to causes based on cultural reasons, not economic need. This allows for corrupt government programs to steal assistance meant for the needy. TAVARES, 03 [Jose, Department of Economics at Universidade Nova de Lisboa in Portugal; “Does foreign aid corrupt?” Economic Letters v. 79, http://www.dochas.ie/Shared/Files/4/DoesForeignAidCorruptFinal.pdf] Recent research has established conclusively that aid flows follow cultural and historic ties rather than need or merit. Alesina and Dollar (2002) used bilateral trade data to show that the amount of aid is weakly related to the recipient country’s economic performance and strongly related to indicators of cultural and historic proximity between the countries. Burnside and Dollar (1998, 2000) and Collier and Dollar (1998) report that aid is uncorrelated with the recipient country’s economic growth or 6 poverty incidence. If aid is not channeled to productive uses or to poverty reduction, it may be going 7 somewhere else. One possibility is that aid is channeled to uses that promote corruption. 2NC Extensions: A/t – #3 “Case Outweighs” 2271) Our Disadvantage outweighs their Harms: Increasing corruption in Latin American countries causes economic collapse and regional civil wars that expand throughout the region. Their impacts require that Latin America remain stable, but if corruption causes instability then their impact are inevitable and reasons to vote Negative. We have a faster timeframe and higher probability because Latin American countries have histories of corruption and the plan has never been tried before. Probability and timeframe are more important than magnitude because a quick, likely impact will change the way countries respond to the world and take-out any risk of their scenarios. 2) Any risk of our link takes out their solvency, which makes their impacts irrelevant because if they can’t solve then the Harms will happen even if the plan is passed. Corruption causes institutional failures that compound the impacts and make all problems worse. LOMBORG AND ACKERMAN, 07 [Bjorn, adjunct professor at the Copenhagen Business School; Susan, Professor of Law and Political Science at Yale University ; “Latin America’s Corruption Challenge,” 10/26, http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/latin-america-s-corruption-challenge] It is difficult to distinguish the consequences from the causes of the corruption that bedevils many Latin American and Caribbean nations. Corruption limits growth, but low growth itself encourages corruption and makes it difficult to improve government effectiveness. In any case, corruption alone is not the essential problem. Rather, it symbolizes and highlights underlying weaknesses in the operation of the state and its interactions with citizens and businesses. 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