Explanation of this affirmative
Technological developments improve HSR possibilities
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- FYI: Explanation of MagLev technology
Technological developments improve HSR possibilitiesMagnetic levitation best means to develop HSRLane 2012(Bradley W. MPA Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, “On the utility and challenges of high-speed rail in the United States” Journal of Transport Geography 22 (2012) 282–284 www.elsevier.com/locate/jtrangeo) Technological developments have the potential to lessen the impact of this in some places. Mag-lev is a form of train technology similar to a monorail, only the car and the track are held ‘‘together’’ by opposing magnets. The magnetic force eliminates friction, which makes the elevated system very quiet, safe, and requires less energy to propel the train (see Lee et al., 2006). Mag-lev systems have been proposed in many places, but due to cost and technolog- ical questions its application is thus far limited to one high-speed line connecting central Shanghai to its airport (a distance of 19 miles covered in less than 8 min). Regardless, one can imagine an elevated application in the US, where a train zooms over a Wis- consin dairy farm between Minneapolis and Chicago while cattle graze oblivious to its presence. Arrangements could be made where farms and ranches leased vertical space over their land to al- low for an elevated line to pass through with minimal impact on crops or livestock, as well as provide the landowner supplemental income. FYI: Explanation of MagLev technologyExplanation of the Maglev technologyBrown, 2010 ( Stuart F. Contributing editor, Revolutionary RAIL Scientific American, May, Vol. 302 Issue 5, p54-59, 6p, ) THE PULL OF MAGLEV HOW IT WORKS The Central Japan Railway has announced that it will build a 200-mile-long line that will use magnetic levitation--or maglev--technology. Maglev systems employ magnetic fields to lift and propel trains above concrete guideways. Because it eliminates the friction between steel wheels and rails, the approach not only raises speeds, it significantly reduces wear on the system, leading to lower maintenance costs. Planners in Colorado, Nevada and California hope to bring similar systems to the U.S. LEVITATION: In a maglev system, arms on each side of the train reach around and below an elevated concrete guideway. Electromagnets on the underside of the guideway attract support magnets installed in the train's arms. Sophisticated control systems balance the weight of the train against the magnets' pull, keeping the train a constant distance from the track. In addition, guidance magnets on each side ensure that the train stays centered. PROPULSION: Old-fashioned trains have locomotives. In a maglev, the guideway does most of the work. Inside the guideway an alternating current creates a moving magnetic field that pulls the support magnets on the train's arms. By varying the frequency of the alternating current, the train can accelerate or decelerate as needed. The current goes through only the section of guideway that has the train directly above it. A fraction of a second later, the alternating current in the guideway switches the polarity of the magnetic field. Magnets that pulled now push; magnets that pushed now pull. In this way, the train moves forward. Maglev vs. Traditional High-Speed Rail COST COMPARISON The existing and planned high-speed train projects listed below demonstrate that the cost of a project depends greatly on individual circumstances. The most important factors include the terrain the line must pass through (mountainous areas are more costly), how densely populated the area is, the cost of labor, and the technology being used. Line Yatsushiro to Kagoshima Estimated construction cost per mile (millions) $82 Status Completed 2004 Technology Length (miles) Barcelona $39 Completed Wheelsonrail 79 Wheels on rail 468 Wheels on rail 520 to Madrid Los Angeles $63 to San Francisco Las Vegas $22 to 2008 Proposed Proposed Wheels on rail 183 ucelinks.cdlib.org:8888/sfx_local?genre=article&issn=00368733&title=Scientific+American&volume=30... 7/9 6/19/12 UC‐eLinks ‐ Revolutionary RAIL. Victorville Las Vegas $48 to Anaheim Baltimore $132 to Washington, D.C. KEY CONCEPTS Proposed Proposed Maglev 269 Maglev 40 • Unlike Japan, France and other countries, the U.S. has no true high-speed train lines. • A recent influx of federal money is spurring hope that long-planned projects could finally be built. • Such projects include both steel-wheels -on-rails and magnetic levitation technology. --The Editors **General Solvency Extensions/Responses**Must effectively communicate HSR goals for policy to workThe relationship between proposal and implementation is complicated; must be done correctly for policies to be effectivePerl 2012 (Anthony, Political Science Department & Urban Studies Program, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada Assessing the recent reformulation of United States passenger rail policy Journal of Transport Geography 22 (2012) 271–281 www.elsevier.com/locate/jtrangeo) This article reviews the prospects for major change in United States transportation policy based on initial experience with the Obama administration’s launch of a high-speed intercity passenger train program. Public policy theory suggests that such paradigmatic change requires a mix of both powering through new goals and puzzling over how to attain them. Pursuit of the Obama administration’s high-speed rail policy agenda to date suggests that when the power to initiate policy goals is much greater than the capacity to achieve them, then political conflict over implementation will become a constraint on policy paradigm shift. 1. Introduction: What happens when radical change is proposed for a stagnant transportation mode? What can we learn from the change that occurs when a political leader suddenly rewrites the policy agenda for a part of the transportation system that has been politically deadlocked and mired in stagnation for decades? This article will examine a radical revision of the policy agenda that has provoked efforts to develop a new organizational and technological paradigm for passenger railroad operations in the United States. Should a successful implementation of high-speed passenger trains occur during the coming decades, then opportunities for assessing the economic, energy and environmental impacts will be ripe for investigation. But at the outset of this potential transformation, the most fruitful insights into America’s high-speed rail development efforts are likely to arise from examining the political dynamics that sought to upend institutional arrangements that had effectively isolated the rail mode from national transportation planning and finance efforts during much of the 20th century. Understanding both these politics and their administrative implications can shed light on both the immediate consequences of, and subsequent prospects for, this significant shift in American transportation policy. Two years into the implementation of high-speed passenger rail in the United States, the limited correlation between policy objectives, bureaucratic aptitude, and fiscal capacity has become an obvious constraint on program development. Such a gap between the political power to rewrite a policy agenda and the administrative ingenuity to deliver novel policy outcomes is entirely predictable based on policy-making theory. Hugh Heclo was among the first scholars to identify an underlying political friction between authority and knowledge that can become relevant when governments initiate policy. He wrote that: Governments not only ‘power’ (or whatever the verb form of that approach might be); they also puzzle. Policymaking is a form of collective puzzlement on society’s behalf. (Heclo, 1974, p. 305) In creating this enduring metaphor about the interplay between knowledge and power in public problem-solving efforts, Heclo of- fered a key insight for understanding how a sudden shift in policy calls for two, not inherently compatible, dimensions of know-how. First, politicians must successfully change the agenda of issues that are considered legitimate subjects of policy-making. And second, but no less important, civil servants must identify tools and master techniques that can deliver new policy outputs to address the issue. The more power that is leveraged to reshape the policy agen- da, the greater that the demand for figuring out ways of achieving the newly desired outcomes will be. Efforts to identify and apply policy instruments for implementing a new transportation agenda will thus be shaped by the fit between the authoritative and analytical dimensions of collective puzzling. Examining the efforts to articulate powering and puzzling can be less revealing during periods when a policy subsystem is stable and change is either incremental or absent. But when a policy agenda changes suddenly, the connection between deciding what to do and knowing how to do it becomes an important influence on the resulting policy outcomes. This article will demonstrate that the redesign of US passenger railroading has initially linked an authoritative revision of the policy agenda to a relatively limited capacity for adopting the instruments and crafting the governance configurations that would facilitate implementation of these new goals. To date, this variance between political ingenuity at reshaping the agenda and administrative inadequacy in delivering policy outputs has intensified the conflict over policy implementation. The prospects for paradigmatic change in 21st century US trans- portation policy will thus be shown to depend upon combining the political authority to create policy goals with the  administrative capacity to deliver results that can legitimate the new objective. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 0.9 Mb. Share with your friends:
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