Swainson, 1830 subtribe iolaina riley, 1958 Iolaus pallene. Photo courtesy Jeremy Dobson



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Type locality: Guinea: “Fouta Djalon, Labé area”. Holotype (male), November 1995 (leg. et coll. African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi. Paratypes: 2 males and 2 females, same data but 1992-1995.

Diagnosis: Both sexes differ from those of the nominate subspecies in the smaller extent of the black apical markings on forewing upperside (Collins & Larsen, in Larsen, 2005a).

General remarks: There are no records of I. normani between the type localities of the nominate subspecies and ssp. meamui, a distance of about 2 000 km (Collins & Larsen, in Larsen, 2005a). This subspecies is named for Stuart Norman’s wife, Meamui (Collins & Larsen, in Larsen, 2005a).

Distribution: Guinea. Known only from the Fouta Djalon.

Iolaus (Epamera) nursei Butler, 1896
Iolaus nursei Butler, 1896. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1896: 251 (242-257).

Type locality: [Arabia]: “Shaik Othman”.

Distribution: Saudi Arabia (south-west), Yemen.

Habitat:

Early stages: Nothing published.

Larval food: Nothing published.

Iolaus (Epamera) obscurus Aurivillius, 1923
Iolaus obscura Aurivillius, 1923 in Seitz, 1908-25. Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 406 (614 pp.).

Type locality: Namibia: “Windhuk in the Damaraland”.

Diagnosis: Similar to I. mimosae but the underside of the wings is much darker; on the upperside forewing the blackish marking extends further basad; on the upperside of the hindwing the dark marking near the anal angle is much reduced, with only a single, well-defined, small spot in area 1B (Pringle, et al., 1994).

Distribution: Namibia (north).

Specific localities:

Namibia – Windhoek (TL; two specimens); Kombat, 137 km north of Windhoek (Bampton and Braine; two bred specimens); eastern suburbs of Windhoek (Swart, 2004).

Common name: Obscure sapphire.

Habitat: Dry savanna.

Habits: Nothing published. Despite much searching this species remained known from only four specimens (Pringle, et al., 1994). More recently Francois Swart (2004) collected and bred numbers from the eastern suburbs of Windhoek.

Flight period: December is the only month recorded (Pringle, et al., 1994).

Early stages: Nothing published.

Larval food:

Plicosepalus kalachariensis (Schinz) Danser (Loranthaceae), parasitic on Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. (Fabaceae) [Pringle, et al., 1994: 156].
yusuf Koçak, 1996 (as replacement name for I. obscura). (Centre for Entomological Studies Miscellaneous Papers 27-28:10-16). [Koçak proposed Iolaus (Epamera) yusuf as a replacement name for I. (Epamera) obscura Aurivillius, 1923, nec I. (Hemiolaus) caeculus obscurus (Suffert, 1904). This new name is invalid because Hemiolaus Aurivillius had previously been transferred to Hypolycaena Felder (see Henning, 1994 in: Pringle, Henning, and Ball [eds]. Pennington’s butterflies of southern Africa 2nd edition: 161 (800pp.). Struik-Winchester, South Africa).]

Iolaus (Epamera) penningtoni (Stempffer & Bennett, 1959)
Epamera penningtoni Stempffer & Bennett, 1959. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique Noire (A) 21: 312 (227-325).


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