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Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. Great Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 26, 599–605: see "Literature" under "Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic". New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics: see "Ukrainian Poetry". Everyman Companion to East European Literature: "Ukrainian", 550–55. Urdu Urdu is spoken in Pakistan and in parts of India and in overseas countries where Pakistanis have settled (such as Australia, Great Britain). It is an *Indo-European language. Material dates from ca. 1550. The word "Urdu" is Turkish for "camp" or "army" and Urdu was a western Hindi dialect, Khari Boli ("standing language") overlaid with Persian and Turkish; Khari Boli is an amalgam of Pushtu, Arabic, Turkish, Aphabramsa and Persian so the language contains words from many other languages. It is a lingua franca used in India and Pakistan. Proto Urdu goes back to the thirteenth century when the Ghaznavids invaded the Lahore area, now in Pakistan. Notable poetry dates from the sixteenth century though the first written work was a work on *Sufism and morals by Khwaja Sayyid Samnani dating from 1308. Urdu is now the national language of Pakistan, though before 1947, when India was partitioned, it was spoken in northern India; after the partition of India into India and Pakistan many speakers left India for Pakistan. Arabic, and especially Persian, have provided literary models (see *Influence—Arabic, —Persian). Attempts to make Urdu the state language of Pakistan have never been entirely successful and continue to meet with opposition from the indigenous speakers (speakers of Sindhi, Pashto, Pubjabi, Baluchi and Seraiki). Of all *Islamic languages Urdu has one of the richest homosexual literary traditions. Literary conventions such as the *coming of the beard which occur in Persian are present; *Sufism has had a strong influence on the poetry. The convention of a male beloved in the traditional Urdu *ghazal means all poems in this form are relevant; see also *gazal-e muzakkar. In more recent times the beloved is accepted as female and, when India and Pakistan were under the domination of Great Britain, the British rulers discouraged the concept of a male beloved. There have been outstanding homosexual poems in the *mathnavi form. Outstanding *literary historians and critics who have revealed homosexuality in Udru include *`Andalib Shadani who wrote what is apparently the first article in Urdu ca. 1950 and *C. M. Naim who has written the most comprehensive discussion; *Muhammad Sadiq and *Ralph Russell have also written on the subject. *Pederasty has been the dominant form of homosexuality in the poetry. The early poet Vali (pseud.) (1667–1741) who moved from the Deccan in India to *Delhi, wrote poems on the theme. Major poets with homosexual themes writing in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries include *Abru, *Mir Taqi Mir, *Dard and *Ghalib. *Delhi and *Lucknow were centers of schools of poetry. The fine twentieth century poet *Firaq, who was known to be homosexual, did not write gay poetry. Sex has been a theme in twentieth century poetry as well as in earlier poetry: *Josh Malihabadi (pseud.) wrote openly of homosexuality and *Ifti Nasim has written poems in both English and Urdu. *Dancing boys still sing bawdy songs in Pakistan. All poets use *pseudonyms. After the partition of India in 1947, the centre of Urdu literary activity moved to Pakistan. Much material remains in *manuscript in which illustration, following Persian influence, is outstandingly homoerotic. Compare *Overview—Persian, *Overview—Turkish. Other Pakistan languages with homosexual themes include Baluchi (see *Songs—Baluchi), Sindhi (see *Songs—Sindhi, *Sufism, *Sayyid), Pashto (see *Overview—Pashto), Gujarati (also spoken in India; see *Hijras, *Mira) and Punjabi (see *Overview—Punjabi); see also the entry Pakistan in Great Soviet Encyclopeida, vol. 19. Bengali was spoken in east Pakistan (now Bangladesh) after the 1947split. East Pakistan became Bangladesh in 1971 when it split from Pakistan. Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. Encyclopaedia of Islam, first edition: see "Urdu". Shipley, Encyclopedia of Literature: see under "Indian" 567–71. Cassell's Encyclopaedia of World Literature vol. 1, 301–02: "Urdu" (by *Ralph Russell). Great Soviet Encyclopedia: see "Urdu Literature". See also De Bary, Guide to Oriental Classics, 148–51. Uzbek Uzbek is a *Turkic language spoken in Central Asia in *Turkestan in Uzbekistan. Material is documented from 1885. Notable *songs sung by young *dancing boys involved in the cult of bacabozlik or boy love are of major importance and have been studied by *Ingeborg Baldauf; photographs of such dancing boys exist from the 1890s. Dancing boy songs exist from ca. 1885. The poet *Magidi (active 1929) wrote satirical poems on this subject. Persian and Turkish *influence is strong in Uzbek. *Firdausi has been translated and other *epics exist. See also *wrestling matches and *Influence—Persian, —Turkish as both languages influenced Uzbek. Uzbekistan is a strictly controlled state, more strictly controlled than the USSR under the Soviet regime; the capital is Tashkent. Uzbek Poetry, Moscow, 1958 (no editor given), pp. 7–10, gives an overview. Vietnamese Vietnamese is a tonal language spoken in Vietnam; the language is part of the Austro-Asiatic language family. Material of relevance dates from 700. Vietnamese was written in the Chinese script until the nineteenth century and Chinese influence has been strong, especially since the *T'ang period: see *scholars, *Confucianism. *Buddhism has been the main religion and *Communism the dominant ideology from 1945. Sex is an open subject in literature in Vietnamese and there have been several notable female poets dealing with it; homosexual poems dealing with sex are suspected. Many references to male homosexuality occur in the work of the remarkable woman poet *Ho Xuan Huong (early nineteenth century). The poet *Du'ong Tu'ong wrote a poem referring to homosexuality which caused a scandal ca. 1992. An earlier twentieth century poet is *Xuan Dieu. Poets: see *Nguyen Trai, *Bui Tong Quan. The *Ramayana has been translated. Male homosexuality is illegal in Vietnam in 1997. On sexuality in Vietnam, see Jean-Noül Bergmann, La sexualité à travers le monde: études sur la Péninsule Indochinoise, Paris, 1966, and Philip Marnais, Saigon After Dark, New York, 1967 (not sighted; very rare). On the literature see Queneau, Histoire des littératures, volume one, pp. 1318–42. Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. Great Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 5 p. 437: see "Vietnam—Literature". Yiddish Yiddish, a mixture of two languages from the *Indo-European and *Afro-Asiatic families, was originally a dialect of Middle High German and is usually written in the Hebrew alphabet; it spread over Europe from western Europe to Russia and was the spoken language of the *Jews in Europe. Material dates from 1934. From the twentieth century there was a dramatic engagement with contemporary literature in the poetry and a vigorous written poetic tradition. A selection of *Whitman (in 1934) and *Shakespeare's Sonnets have been translated. An oral literature appeared in the twelfth century and a printed literature in the sixteenth century. Oral homopoems are likely since there was a rich oral literature; but none have been discovered so far and because of the destruction of the European *Jews in the Second World War none is likely to be found. Homosexual bawdry in the form of poetry is likely; see an essay in Bruce Jackson, Folklore and Society, 1966, for possible sources. A poem about the beautiful man *Joseph has been found in the Cairo Geniza. The language suffered from the attempted genocide of European Jews in the Second World War and later under Stalin in Russia. French translations of Yiddish classics are being made in a series edited by Marion Van Renterghem called Domaine Yiddish. *New York and Israel are at present publishing centers of Yiddish. Many Yiddish books were saved and donated to United States libraries by Aaron Lansky in the 1980s: see Nicholas Basbanes, A Gentle Madness: Bibliophiles, Bibliomanes and the Eternal Passion for Books, New York, 1995, 383–94. Donations to such universities as *Harvard and *Yale enabled courses in Yiddish to be established when the language was thought to be near extinction. See also *Overview—Hebrew. On the literature see Queneau, Histoire des littératures, volume two, 1246–73. Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics: see "Yiddish Poetry". Everyman Companion to East European Literature: see "Yiddish", 555–57. Works cited in A World Overview of Male Homosexual Poetry and in An Encyclopedia of Male Homosexual Poetry Works cited are usually given under the author’s name plus the first words of the title so that by these words they can be readily found in library catalogs. Some four hundred and fifty works are cited (including over a hundred and thirty gay poetry anthologies). For homosexual anthologies, which all have separate entries, the first words of the title are usually used—for instance: *Men and Boys. Biographical and literary dictionaries and encyclopedias are usually listed under the main words of the title (e.g., Oxford Classical Dictionary). An asterisk (*) indicates an entry in the Encyclopedia. Where multiple works have been cited in entries, works are in approximate order of publication Because of their importance *bibliographies of homosexuality are given individual entries (e.g., *An Annotated Bibliography of Homosexuality, *The Male Homosexual in Literature, *Leggere omosessuale). Major cities (e.g., *New York, *London) have separate entries (though these cities, as places of publication, have not been asterisked here. Poets whose names appear in titles and who have entries—e.g., *Wilfred Owen—are not asterisked here when occurring within a title, nor are concepts such as *homosexuality. For Abbreviations (e.g. UK) consult the separate list of Abbreviations Used. In general, Thomas Mann, The Oxford Guide to Library Research (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005) should be consulted by researchers; it was written by a senior reference librarian at the *Library of Congress and this, the third edition of the work thoroughly covers the Internet which the second edition published in 1998 did not. James L. Harner, Literary Research Guide, second edition (New York: Modern Language Association, 1993), is a basic research tool for *European languages. For reference works, Robert Balay, Guide to Reference Books, eleventh edition (Chicago: American Library Association,1996), is the standard work; previous editions edited by Eugene P. Sheehy are useful to their respective dates of publication. The literatures of many little known languages are dealt with in Raymond Queneau, editor, Histoire des litteratures, 3 volumes (Paris: Gallimard, 1968–1978); this work is part of the Encyclopédie de la Pléiade which also includes Histoire des religions, 3 volumes (Paris: Gallimard, 1970–76), a comprehensive survey of world *religions. For information on the *languages of the world consult the Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (1994) and International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (1992) both cited below. Excellent practical information giving the place where a particular language is spoken is available from the maps covering the world in Liana Lupus, Scriptures of the World (New York: United Bible Societies, 1992), pp. 81–109; updated edition Scriptures of the World, 1996 (New York: United Bible Societies, 1997). Information is also contained in Barbara F. Grimes, Ethnologue: languages of the world, thirteenth edition, (Dallas, TX: Summer Insititute of Linguistics, 1996); this latter work has excellent maps and is available as a CD ROM. More concise information is given in such works as Parlett, A Short Dictionary of Languages and Katzner, Languages of the World, both cited below. For information on the *countries of the world the most up to date information can be found on the *Internet (e.g., under CIA—The World Factbook, though this is not a complete list of all countries). The Encyclopædia Brittanica Yearbook, Chicago: Encyclopædia Brittanica, which has information for the year before that in the title (e.g. 1997 Encyclopædia BrittanicaYearbook deals with information for 1996) has the latest information under the entry “Nations of the World”. George Peter Murdock, Outline of World Culures, sixth edition (New Haven, CT: Human Relations Area Files, 1983), is a concise guide to the *cultures of the world based on the *Human Relations Area Files. There are more cultures than languages though in many cases culture and language coincide. For information on the cultures of the world consult David Levinson, editor, Encyclopedia of World Cultures, 10 volumes (Boston: G. K, Hall, 1993) and Amiram Gonen, Encyclopedia of the Peoples of the World (New York: H. Holt, 1993). Information on literatures, languages, countries and cultures can also be obtained on the *Internet. This listing below gives the abbreviated style of citation of works followed by the full publication details. Adler, The Great Ideas = Mortimer Adler, editor, The Great Ideas: A Synopticon of Great Books of the Western World, 2 volumes, Chicago; Encyclopædia Britaninica, 1952 A`in i Akbari anthology = anthology in *Abu 'l-Fazl `Allami, *A`in-i Akbari, volume three, originally compiled probably in Delhi, ca. 1600, in the English translation of *H. S. Jarrett, Calcutta, 1894 Allgemeine deutsche Biographie = Historische Commission bei der Königlichen Academie de Wissenschaften, editors, Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, 56 volumes, Berlin: Dunker and Humbolt, 1967–71 (facsimile reprint of the first edition Munich and Leipzig: Dunker and Humbolt, 1875–1912) American National Biography = John A. Garraty and Mark C Carnes, editors, American National Biography, 24 volumes, New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. There may be entries in the Dictionary of American Biography (published 1928–1955) listed below. Amerikanike Homophylophile Poiese = *Andreas Angelakes, editor, *Amerikanike Homophylophile Poiese, Athens: Odusseas, 1982 Andere Lieben = *Joachim Campe, *Andere Lieben: Homosexualität in der deutschen Literatur, Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1988 And Thus Will I Freely Sing = *Toni Davidson, editor, *And Thus Will I Freely Sing: An Anthology of Gay and Lesbian Writing from Scotland, Edinburgh: Polygon, 1989 Angels of the Lyre = *Winston Leyland, editor, *Angels of the Lyre, San Francisco: Panjandrum Press and *Gay Sunshine Press, 1975 Anthologie de l'amour turc = *Edmund Fazy and *Abdul-Halim Memdouch, *Anthologie de l'amour turc, Paris: *Mercure de France, 1905 Arberry, Legacy of Persia = *A. J. Arberry, The Legacy of Persia, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1953 Arberry, Sufism =* A. J. Arberry, Sufism: An account of the mystics of Islam, London: Allen and Unwin, 1950
Ashbee, Bibliography of Prohibited Books = *Henry Spencer Ashbee, Bibliography of Prohibited Books, 3 volumes, New York: Jack Brussel, 1962 (facsimile reprint of Index librorum prohibitorum, London: the author, 1877, Centuria librorum absconditorum, London: the author, 1879, and Catena librorum tacendorum, London: the author, 1885) Atkins, Sex in Literature = *John Atkins, Sex in Literature, 4 volumes, London: Calder and Boyers, 1970–78
Bailey, Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition = *Derrick Sherwin Bailey, Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition, London: Longmans, Green, 1955 Balay, Guide to Reference Books = Robert Balay, Guide to Reference Books, Chicago: American Library Association, 1996 Bartlett, Who Was That Man? = *Neil Bartlett, Who Was That Man?: A Present for Mr Oscar Wilde, London: Serpent’s Tail, 1988 Basham, The Wonder That Was India = A. L. Basham, The Wonder That Was India, third revised edition, London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1967 Baumann, Das doppelte Geschlecht = *Hermann Baumann, Das doppelte Geschlecht: Studien zur Bisexualität in Ritus und Mythos, Berlin: Reimer, 1955 *Beau petit ami. See *L’amour bleu below. Beeston, Arabic Literature to the End of the Umayyad Period = A. L. Beeston, Arabic Literature to the End of the Umayyad Period, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1983 Bellamy, Banners of the Champions = James Bellamy and Patricia Steiner, Banners of the Champions; An Anthology of Medieval Arabic Poetry from Andalusia and Beyond, Madison: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1989 Benson, Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures = Eugene Benson and L. W. Connolly, Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English, 2 volumes, London: Routledge, 1994 Bestandsverzeichnis der August von Platen-Bibliothek Siegen = Uwe Meyer, editor, Bestandsverzeichnis der August von Platen-Bibliothek Siegen, Siegen: Universität-Gesamthochschule Siegen, 1995 Besterman, A World Bibliography of Bibliographies = Theodore H. Besterman, A World Bibliography of Bibliographies and of bibliographical catalogues, calendars, abstracts, digests, indexes, and the like, fourth edition, 5 volumes, Lausanne: Societas Bibliographica, 1965–66. (Toomey, A World Bibliography of Bibliographies 1964–1974, below, continues this work.) Best Mates: Gay Writing in Aotearoa New Zealand = *Peter Wells and Rex Pilgrim editors, Best Mates: Gay Writing in Aotearoa New Zealand, Auckland: Reed Books, 1997 Bilder-lexikon = [*Leo Schidrowitz, editor], *Bilder-lexikon Kulturgeschichte, 4 volumes, Vienna and Leipzig: Institut für Kulturforschung, 1928–31 Biographie universelle = Joseph François Michaud, editor, Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne, Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlaganstalt, 1966 (facsimile reprint of the first edition, Paris: Madame C. Desplaces, 1854–65) Black Men/ White Men = *Michael J. Smith, editor, *Black Men/ White Men: A Gay Anthology, San Francisco: *Gay Sunshine, 1983 Blue Boys = *Philebus (pseudonym) and others, *Blue Boys, London: *Gay Men’s Press, 1992 Boorman, Biographical Dictionary = Martin L. Boorman, Biographical Dictionary of Republican China, 5 volumes, New York: Columbia University Press, 1967–79 Boswell, Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality = *John Boswell, Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981 Bowra, Greek Lyric Poetry = *C. Maurice Bowra, Greek Lyric Poetry from Alcman to Simonides, second revised edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961 Brandt, Sittengeschichte griechenlands, volume 2 = *Paul Brandt, Sittengeschichte griechenlands: Das Liebesleben der Griechen, volume 2, Dresden: Paul Aretz, 1926 Brandt, Sittengeschichte griechenlands, volume 3 = *Paul Brandt, Sittengeschichte griechenlands, volume 3, Ergänzungsband [Supplement volume], Dresden: Paul Aretz, 1928 Bray, Homosexuality in Renaissance England = *Alan Bray, Homosexuality in Renaissance England, London: *Gay Men’s Press, 1982 Bredbeck, Sodomy and Interpretation = *Gregory W. Bredbeck, Sodomy and Interpretation: Marlowe to Milton, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991 Briggs and Calder, Classical Scholarship = Ward M. Briggs and William Calder III, Classical Scholarship: A Biographical Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, 1990
Brongersma, Loving Boys = *Edward Brongersma, Loving Boys, 2 volumes, New York: Global Academic Publishers, 1986–1990 Bronski, Culture Clash = *Michael Bronksi, Culture Clash: The Making of Gay Sensibility, Boston: South End Press, 1984
Browne, Literary History of Persia = *Edward Browne, A Literary History of Persia, 4 volumes, London and Leipzig: T. Fisher Unwin and Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1902–24 Brunet, Manuel du libraire = Jacques Charles Brunet, Manuel du libraire et de l’amateur de livres, fifth edition, 6 volumes, Paris: Didot, 1860–65. Consult also the Supplément, 2 volumes, edited by P. Deschamps and Gustave Brunet, Paris: Firmin, 1868–70 Buffière, Eros adolescent = *Felix Buffière, Eros adolescent: la pédérastie dans la Grèce antique, Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1980
Bullough, Annotated Bibliography of Homosexuality = *Vern L. Bullough, *W. Dorr Legg, *Barrett W. Elcano and *James Kepner, *An Annotated Bibliography of Homosexuality (in two volumes), volume 2, New York: Garland, 1976 Bullough, Sexual Variance = *Vern L. Bullough, Sexual Variance in Society and History, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976 Caesar, Taking It Like a Man = *Adrian Caesar, Taking It Like a Man: Suffering, sexuality and the War Poets, Brooke, Sassoon, Owen, Graves, Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press,1993 Cassell's Encyclopaedia of World Literature = S. H. Steinberg, editor, Cassell’s Encyclopaedia of World Literature, second edition, 3 volumes, London: Cassell, 1973 Cassell’s Encyclopedia of Queer Myth, Symbol, and Spirit = Randy P. Conner and others, Cassell’s Encyclopedia of Queer Myth, Symbol, and Spirit: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Lore, London: Cassell, 1997 Collison, Dictionaries of Foreign Languages = Robert L. Collison, Dictionaries of Foreign Languages, New York: Haffner Publishing Company, 1955 Columbia Anthology of Gay Literature = *Byrne R. S. Fone, *Columbia Anthology of Gay Literature: Readings from Western Antiquity to the Present Day, New York: Columbia University Press, 1997 Contemporary Authors = [Gale Research Co.], Contemporary Authors: A Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Current Authors and their Works, 185+ volumes, Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1962– (in progress). Continued by Contemporary Authors New Revision Series (see next entry). Contemporary Authors New Revision Series = Ann Evory and others, editors, Contemporary Authors New Revision Series, 77 volumes, Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1981_– (in progress). This is a continuation of Contemporary Authors (see previous entry). Contemporary Literary Criticism = Carol Riley and others, editors, Contemporary Literary Criticism, 120+ volumes, Detroit: Gale Research Co., 1973– (in progress) Contemporary Poets, third edition = James Vinson, editor, Contemporary Poets, third edition, London: Macmillan, 1980. There may also be an entry in the fourth, fifth and sixth editions cited below and in earlier editions. Contemporary Poets, fourth edition = James Vinson and D. L. Kirkpatrick, editors, Contemporary Poets, London: St. James Press, fourth edition, 1985. There may also be an entry in the fifth and sixth editions or in earlier editions. Contemporary Poets, fifth edition = Tracy Chevalier, editor, Contemporary Poets, fifth edition, Chicago: St. James Press, 1991. There may also be an entry in earlier editions and the sixth edition, edited by Thomas Riggs, New York: St James Press, 1996 Cooper, Sexual Perspective = Emmanuel Cooper, The Sexual Perspective: Homosexuality and Art in the last 100 years in the West, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986 Courouve, Ces petits grecs = *Claude Courouve, Ces petits grecs ont un faible pour les gymnases... l’amour masculine dans les textes grecs et latins—nouvelle edition, Paris: the author, 1988 Courouve, Vocabulaire de l'homosexualité masculine = *Claude Courouve, Vocabulaire de l'homosexualité masculine, Paris: Payot, 1985 Crew, Gay Academic = *Louie Crew, editor, The Gay Academic, Palm Springs Directory: 2008 2008 -> Exam 1 of Computer Networks (ice 1230) 2008 7 2008 -> Program description 2008 -> Curriculum Vitae Museok Song 2008 -> Word Wall Chants Use these as fun ways to practice word wall words at home! 2008 -> Rockettothesky 2008 -> "Unique " "dfo " "Glide " "Country" "Other" "Nations" "X. Affected" "Locations" "Rivers" "Began" "Ended" "Days" "Dead" "Displaced" "Damage usd." "Main cause" "Severity " "Affected sq km" "Magnitude m " "Notes and 2008 -> The environment in the news 2008 -> Virginia High School League Scholastic Bowl page 2007-08 District Competition Match #46 2008 -> Missouri State High School Activities Association Match #12 2007-08 Conference & Tournament Competitions page 2008 -> Louisiana state university health science center new orleans emergency medicine residency program policies to supplement lsuhsc house officer manual Download 0.66 Mb. Share with your friends:
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