Tournament of Champions 2k8 Comprehensive Caselist
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- GBS LP – Affirmative – Congo Nuclear Energy
Imagery k 1ncA. THE AMERICAN RELATIONSHIP TO AFRICA IS DEFINED BY IMAGES. SATURATED BY REPRESENTATIONS OF CONFLICT, DISEASE, AND THE PERMANENT AFFLICTION OF CATASTROPHE AND CHAOS, POLICYMAKERS CAN’T HELP BUT SOLIDIFY THE DEHUMANIZING FRAME FOR INTERVENTION THESE IMAGES DEMAND WALLACE, PHD STUDENT – ANTHROPOLOGY – OXFORD, 5 [JAMIE, “AMERICAN PERCEPTIONS OF AFRICA BASED ON MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS”, http://www.hollerafrica.com/showArticle.php?artId=101&catId=1] When we think of Africa, … in the world (Ebo 1992:17).
[ROTIMI, “The Pitfalls and Consequences of Development 'Pornography'”, http://www.bond.org.uk/networker/2005/april05/opinion.htm] Increasingly graphic depictions … freely define their future.
The literature reported in this field … information on the African reality. Consult NATO 1ncText: The United States Federal Government should propose* that it … to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization for binding+ consultation. We’ll clarify The Net Benefit is NATO Cohesion A. Lack of genuine consultation is collapsing the NATO alliance – only the counterplan can prevent the destruction of the alliance Gordon, SENIOR FELLOW, FOREIGN POLICY STUDIES, BROOKINGS, 2003 [PHILIP H., FOREIGN AFFAIRS, JAN/FEB] There is much … could indeed come at a price.
John Duffield, Assistant Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs at the University of Virginia, 1994 [Political Science Quarterly 109:5, p. 766-7] Initial … the existence of nuclear weapons.11
Robert Kagan, 4 (Of Paradise and Power: America and Europe in the New World Order. p 170) Nor can … United Nations.
GBS LP – Affirmative – Congo Nuclear EnergyPlan Text PLAN: The United States Department of Energy should assist the Democratic Republic of the Congo in implementing the most recent International Atomic Energy Agency nuclear safety safeguards at the Kinshasa Center for Nuclear Studies.
SULLIVAN, 2K1 (Tim, AP Writer, "Congo Nurses An Old Nuclear Reactor," 7/26, http://dailynews.yahoo.com/h/ap/20010726/wl/nuclear_congo_1.html)
REGARDLESS OF RHETORIC, TERRORISTS DO NOT YET HAVE NUCLEAR WEAPONS BECAUSE THEY HAVE BEEN FOCUSING ON FORMER SOVIET STATES WHERE SECURITY IS STRONG. THE KINSHASA REACTOR IS UNIQUELY VULNERABLE, AND IT IS ONLY A MATTER OF TIME BEFORE AL QAEDA IS ARMED WITH AFRICAN HEAT. DALY ET. AL, 2K5 (Sara, Research Analyst at RAND, former CIA terrorism analyst, Middle East and South Asia, former CIA counterterrorism representative, Department of State; John Parachini, Director, Intelligence Policy Center, RAND National Security Research Division, former Executive Director, Washington office, Monterey Institute of International Studies' Center for Nonproliferation Studies; William Rosenau, Political Scientist at RAND, former Senior Policy Adviser in the State Department's counterterrorism office; "Aum Shinrikyo, Al Qaeda, and the Kinshasa Reactor: Implications of Three Case Studies for Combating Nuclear Terrorism," http://www.rand.org/pubs/documented_briefings/2005/RAND_DB458.pdf) "A third hypothesis is that…accountability systems proved to be limited." THE KINSHASA REACTOR IS NOT MEETING IAEA SAFEGUARD STANDARDS, AND CURRENT POLICIES WILL FAIL TO MAKE THE SITE SAFE. THIS MAKES TERRORIST SMUGGLING INEVITABLE, AND INVALIDATES IAEA INSPECTION LEGITIMACY. CRAIL AND BERGENAS, 2K7 (Peter, Research Assistant at Center for Nonproliferation Studies, and Johan, Research Assistant at Center for Nonproliferation Studies, "Uranium Smuggling Allegations Raise Questions Concerning Nuclear Security In The Democratic Republic Of Congo," WMD Insights, April, http://cns.miis.edu/pubs/other/wmdi070403a.htm) "Given the details that have unfolded…security of the DRC's nuclear resources." THE U.S. IS LOSING ALL CREDIBILITY ON PROLIFERATION BECAUSE OF A FAILURE TO SUPPORT NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS AT UNSAFE FACILITIES. CRACKING DOWN IN THE CONGO IS THE NECESSARY PREREQUISITE TO ANY ATTEMPT TO STOP NUCLEAR MATERIALS FROM GETTING INTO THE HANDS OF TERRORISTS, AND ONCE THEY CROSS THIS THRESHOLD THE FIREWORKS WILL BEGIN. CROWLEY, 2K2 (Michael, senior editor at The New Republic, "W. Forgets the Nuclear Threat," Old Guard, 9/09, http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20020909&s=crowley090902) "But it's a win that almost didn't…underfunded and largely ignored, for years." TERRORISTS ARE WILLING TO USE NUCLEAR WEAPONS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES, AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS ARE A DIME A DOZEN. COHEN, 2K5 (Ariel, Ph.D., is Senior Research Fellow in Russian and Eurasian Studies in the Douglas and Sarah Allison Center for Foreign Policy Studies at Heritage Foundation, 5/20, "Preventing a Nightmare Scenario: Terrorist Attacks Using Russian Nuclear Weapons and Materials," http://www.heritage.org/Research/HomelandSecurity/bg1854.cfm)
AND, GROUPS ARE MOVING ON THE CONGO TO EXPLOIT THE REACTOR. REUTERS, 2K7 (Joe Bavier, "Congo scientist planned to export uranium-minister," 3/08, http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L0845529.htm) "A government minister in Congo…minerals,' he told reporters." A NUCLEAR TERROR ATTACK CAUSES MISCALCULATION AND FULL ESCALATION TO NUCLEAR WAR. SPEICE, 2K6 (Patrick, J.D. Candidate 2006, Marshall-Wythe School of Law, College of William and Mary, "NEGLIGENCE AND NUCLEAR NONPROLIFERATION: ELIMINATING THE CURRENT LIABILITY BARRIER TO BILATERAL U.S.-RUSSIAN NONPROLIFERATION ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS," William & Mary Law Review, Feb, l/n) "The potential consequences of the unchecked spread… escalate to the use of nuclear weapons." ACCESS TO URANIUM IS THE FINAL STEP IN CONSTRUCTING A WEAPON. OUR TIMEFRAME IS HOURS. TAYLOR 96 (Theodore, former nuke designer and deputy director of the Defense Nuclear Agency, "Nuclear Power and Nuclear Weapons," july, http://www.wagingpeace.org/articles/1996/07/00_taylor_nuclear-power.htm)
AND, THE THREAT OF NUCLEAR TERRORISM DEMANDS ACTION NOW. ANY HESITATION TO ACT AGAINST LOOSE URANIUM MAKES OUR IMPACTS INEVITABLE. CROWLEY 2 (Michael, senior editor at TNR, "w. forgets the nuclear threat" old guard, 9/09, tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20020909&s=crowley090902 "that's much too long to wait…not tomorrow. Today" contention 2: proliferation THE NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY IS UP FOR REVIEW, BUT NOW IS THE KEY TIME TO RESTORE REGIME CREDIBILITY. JOHNSON, 2K7 (Rebecca, PhD is the executive director of the Acronym Institute, "Looking Towards 2010: What does the Nonproliferation Regime need?," Disarmament Diplomacy, Spring, Iss. 84, http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd84/84npt.htm)
UNFORTUNATELY, THE U.S. IS GOING IT ALONE ON NONPROLIFERATION. FAILURE TO ACTIVELY PROMOTE IAEA NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS COLLAPSES ANY HOPE OF REVIVING THE NPT. WASHINGTON POST, 2K (William Drozdiak, "Missile Shield Eroding U.S. Arms Control Goals," 6/15, l/n) "Elbaradei had proposed this year…and accept IAEA inspections." CONGO HAS A UNIQUE PLACE IN THE NONPROLIFERATION SYSTEM. INCREASING SAFEGUARD CREDIBILITY IN AFRICA IS CRUCIAL TO N.P.T. CREDIBILITY. KAMANDA, 2K5 (Gerard, Minister of Scientific Research and Technology of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Interview in CTBTO Newsletter, Issue 6, July, http://www.ctbto.org/reference/outreach/260705_spectrum6_web_final.pdf) "Q: The Treaty of Pelindaba…Conference of IAEA in September 2004." INTERNATIONAL NON-PROLIF CREDIBILITY IS THE ONLY WAY TO PREVENT ROGUE STATES FROM SECRETLY DEVELOPING NUCLEAR WEAPONS. EVERY ALTERNATIVE TO STRENGTHENED SAFEGUARDS WILL FAIL. WASHINGTON POST, 2K (William Drozdiak, "Missile Shield Eroding U.S. Arms Control Goals," 6/15, l/n) "Many diplomats say the challenge…is a fundamental American interest.'" AND RAPID, COVERT PROLIFERATION IS UNIQUELY DESTABILIZING. EVEN REALISTS AGREE THAT WILDFIRE PROLIFERATION MUST BE PREVENTED. ROBERTS, 99 (Brad, research staff at the Institute for Defense Analyses in Alexandria, Virginia, and a member of the editorial board of The Nonproliferation Review, "Proliferation and Nonproliferation in the 1990s," Nonproliferation Review, Fall) "What then is at stake…the world would change fundamentally." THE IMPACT IS ESCALATORY NUCLEAR WAR. UTGOFF, 2K2 (Victor, Deputy Director of the Strategy, Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analyses, "Proliferation, Missile Defence, and American Ambitions," Survival, V. 44, Summer)
Nuclear prolif damages environment Biggest health risk – extinction
FERTEL, 99 (Marvin, Senior Vice President, Nuclear Infrastructure Support & International Programs at Nuclear Energy Institute, "Testimony for the Record," http://www.nei.org/newsandevents/speechesandtestimony/1999/senatetestimonyfertelextended , 3/17)
ONLY A BILATERAL FRAMEWORK FOR ESTABLISHING PROLIFERATION LEADERSHIP WILL SOLVE. MOVING FROM UNILATERALISM TO MULTILATERAL FRAMEWORKS WILL FAIL BECAUSE U.S. POLICYMAKERS DISTRUST THE INTENTIONS OF EXTRANEOUS POLITICAL ACTORS, AND WILL NOT BE WILLING TO ENFORCE THE NONPROLIFERATION AGENDA. THIS INTRODUCES DEVASTATING DELAYS THAT GUT SOLVENCY. JOFFE, 2K4 (Alexander, Ph.D. directs the West Asia Environmental Security Project, "Incorporating Environmental Considerations into Arms Control," Disarmament Diplomacy, Iss. 77, May/June, http://www.acronym.org.uk/dd/dd77/77aj.htm) "These inevitable political developments…profitably inform arms control negotiations." 2ac Tricks, Add-Ons, they kicked terrorism Answers To Off Case Args No link on tradeoff, Answers To Major Case Args Waltz prolif good cards don't apply – middle east is fast prolif, uniquely destabilizing Fast prolif undermines deterrence etc. Directory: file -> view view -> Western Europe after wwii view -> Author study: paul fleischman view -> Qpa1 7ela study Guide view -> Arctic Oil/Gas Neg view -> November 1970 Approximately 150,000-500,000 deaths Bhola Cyclone Bangladesh view -> Grade Level: 6 Unit of Study: Caribbean glce view -> Citation: Duffield, Katy view -> Table of Contents Lesson # view -> Chinese Wind Energy Disad Download 2.81 Mb. Share with your friends:
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