West coast debate

Topicality

The

‘The’ Means Unique

Accessed May 10, 2007, http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary

b -- used as a function word to indicate that a following noun or noun equivalent is a unique or a particular member of its class

‘The’ Means All Parts

Accessed May 10, 2007, http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary

4 -- used as a function word before a noun or a substantivized adjective to indicate reference to a group as a whole

United States

The united states is the executive, legislative, and judicial branches

Online, accessed May 15, 2007, http://www.dictionary.com/cgi-bin/dict.pl?term=united%20states

united states: 2: the executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the US

United states is the united states of america

p. 857.

United states is the states within territorial bounds

United States: A federation of states, esp. one forming a nation within a definitely specified territory: politicians who proposed a United States of Africa.

United states means a union of states

United States: The proper name or distinctive title of a confederacy, federation, or union of States.

United states means the united states of america

United States: The Republic of North America. Abbrev. U.S. or U.S.A.

United states are a federation of states

United States: a federation of states esp. when forming a nation in a usually specified territory (advocating a United States of Europe)

The united states is the 48 states plus hawaii, alaska and d.c.

United States of America: a country occupying most of the southern half of North America and including also Alaska in the north and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean, comprising 50 States and the Federal District of Columbia.

Federal Government

Federal government is administered by a union or confederation of states

Black, Henry Campbell. p. 550

Federal Government: The system of government administered in a nation formed by the union or confederation of several independent states.

Federal government is control and influence by the central government

Federal Government: In the United States: the Government which, from its capital in the District of Columbia, directly legislates, administers, and exercises jurisdiction over matters assigned to it in the Constitution and exerts considerable influence, by means of grants-in-aid and otherwise, over matters reserved to the State governments.

Federal government means the central government

federal government: In the United States: the Government which, from its capital in the District of Columbia, directly legislates, administers, and exercises jurisdiction over matters assigned to it in the Constitution and exerts considerable influence, by means of grants-in-aid and otherwise, over matters reserved to the State governments.

Federal government means the central government in washington dc

federal government: In the United States: the Government which, from its capital in the District of Columbia, directly legislates, administers, and exercises jurisdiction over matters assigned to it in the Constitution and exerts considerable influence, by means of grants-in-aid and otherwise, over matters reserved to the State governments.

Should

Should expresses obligation or desirability

p.1242.

Should is different from would

Should: 2b. expectation or probability: e.g., since they left Saturday they should be here by Monday: equivalent to ought to and replaceable by would.

Should can be replaced by would

Should: 2d. futurity in polite or unemphatic requests or in statements with implications of uncertainty or doubt: replaceable by would: e.g., should (or would) you like some tea? I should (or would) think he’d like it.

Should means past tense of shall

p. 1679.

1. past tense of shall.

Substantially

Substantial means “large”

[substantial:] Of ample or considerable amount, quantity, or dimensions. More recently also in a somewhat weakened sense, esp. ‘fairly large.’

Substantial means large

p.1336

Substantial means considerable in quantity

p. 1174

Substantially is considerable or large

p. 678.

Substantially means truly, largely, essentially

Substantially: 2. to a substantial degree; specifically, a. truly; really; actually; b. largely; essentially; in the main.

Substantial means important

p. 1280 Black, Henry Campbell.

Substantial Something worthwhile as distinguished from something without value or merely nominal.

Substantial means of real worth and importance

p.1428

Substantial means important

Substantial 5. Considerable in importance, value, degree, amount, or extent.

Substantial means of considerable or vital worth

Substantial: 6. of considerable worth or value; vital; important; as, they agree on all substantial issues.

Increase

Increase means to make greater

–verb (used with object) 1. to make greater, as in number, size, strength, or quality; augment; add to: to increase taxes.

Make greater

— vb 1. to make or become greater in size, degree, frequency, etc; grow or expand

Increase means to make greater

transitive verb 1 : to make greater : augment

Its

“Its” is the possessive form of the pronoun “it”

Its: the possessive form of IT (used as an attribute adjective) The book has lost its jacket. I'm sorry about its being so late.

Its means of or belonging to the noun referenced as “it”

Of or belonging to it, that thing.

Its is possessive or genitive of “it”

Its: possessive or genitive of it.

Its is of or relating to “it” as the subject or object of an action

Its: adj. of or relating to it or itself esp. as possessor, agent, or object of an action (going to its kennel) a child proud of its first drawings) (its final enactment into law).

Transportation Infrastructure

Transportation Infrastructure is a bunch of stuff

We define transportation infrastructure projects as follows: ‘Transport infrastructures include

roads, rail lines, channels, (extensions to) airports and harbours, bridges and tunnels. Of these

projects it is the ‘hardware’ that is considered, and the “software”,i.e. projects relating to

deregulations, liberalization, privatization, and so forth is excluded’. The literature did not

provide one minimum cost level that is generally applied to mark a large-scale project. A largescale project is defined in this paper by a minimum cost level of 500 million euros.

Transportation infrastructure is the transport provisions in a location

define transportation infrastructure: ... transport provisions in a location; the services and facilities of conveyance other than those of utilities and communication as they support ongoing economic activity in an area. Transportation may be seen as a header for a category of location data, for example, on a community profile. Transportation along with communications infrastructure, demographics, real estate and taxes and incentives are arguably the most sought after information by prospects. Transportation as a item of location data typically covers water, air, and ground facilities, vehicles and services that part of the infrastructure of an area.

Transportation infrastructure includes this stuff

Transportation infrastructure Road and highway networks, including structures (bridges, tunnels, culverts, retaining walls), signage and markings, electrical systems (street lighting and traffic lights), edge treatments (curbs, sidewalks, landscaping), and specialized facilities such as road maintenance depots and rest areas Mass transit systems (Commuter rail systems, subways, tramways, trolleys and bus transportation) Railways, including structures, terminal facilities (rail yards, train stations), level crossings, signalling and communications systems Canals and navigable waterways requiring continuous maintenance (dredging, etc.) Seaports and lighthouses Airports, including air navigational systems Bicycle paths and pedestrian walkways, including pedestrian bridges, pedestrian underpasses and other specialized structures for cyclists and pedestrians Ferries For canals, railroads, highways, airways and pipelines see Grübler (1990),[13] which provides a detailed discussion of the history and importance of these major infrastructures.

Transportation

Transportation is a means of conveyance

trans·por·ta·tion (trnspr-tshn) n. 1. a. The act or an instance of transporting. b. The state of being transported. 2. A means of conveyance. 3. The business of conveying passengers or goods. 4. A charge for public conveyance; fare. 5. Deportation to a penal colony.

Transportation is a means of transport

1. the act of transporting. 2. the state of being transported. 3. the means of transport or conveyance. 4. the business of conveying people, goods, etc. 5. price of travel or transport by public conveyance; fare.

It’s a means of conveyance

1: an act, process, or instance of transporting or being transported 2 : banishment to a penal colony 3 a : means of conveyance or travel from one place to another b : public conveyance of passengers or goods especially as a commercial enterprise — trans·por·ta·tion·al adjective See transportation defined for English-language learners » See transportation defined for kids » Examples of TRANSPORTATION the transportation of troops overseas She arranged for the transportation of her furniture to her new apartment. He was the U.S. Secretary of Transportation under President Reagan.

Infrastructure

Infrastructure means the aggregate of facilities for society

In everyday life one often comes across the word ‘infrastructure'. Do you know what this word means? There isn't only one infrastructure definition; there are many definitions of the word infrastructure. One such definition is the basic structure of a company or an organization. The word infrastructure is rarely used as a noun. The other definition of infrastructure is that it is the aggregate of all those capital equipment and basic facilities which are very much needed for a society or enterprise to function. This infrastructure could be anything from roads to power grids to telecommunications to sewers to water supply to bridges to flyovers. Basically it is a word which encompasses all those services or facilities which are required and absolutely essential otherwise an economy would not be able to function. Infrastructures such as flyovers, bridges, water supply, power grids, roads, etc denotes the technical structures which are essential for the proper functioning of a society.

Infrastructure is the basic framework

1: the underlying foundation or basic framework (as of a system or organization) 2 : the permanent installations required for military purposes 3 : the system of public works of a country, state, or region; also : the resources (as personnel, buildings, or equipment) required for an activity

Infrastructure is the base or foundation

1. An underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or system.

2. The basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society, such as transportation and communications systems, water and power lines, and public institutions including schools, post offices, and prisons.

Investment

Investment is putting money into something to appreciate

An asset or item that is purchased with the hope that it will generate income or appreciate in the future. In an economic sense, an investment is the purchase of goods that are not consumed today but are used in the future to create wealth. In finance, an investment is a monetary asset purchased with the idea that the asset will provide income in the future or appreciate and be sold at a higher price.

The act of investing money into something

investment (ɪnˈvɛstmənt) — n 1. a. the act of investing money b. the amount invested c. an enterprise, asset, etc, in which money is or can be invested 2. a. the act of investing effort, resources, etc b. the amount invested 3. economics the amount by which the stock of capital (plant, machinery, materials, etc) in an enterprise or economy changes 4. biology the outer layer or covering of an organ, part, or organism 5. a less common word for investiture 6. the act of investing or state of being invested, as with an official robe, a specific quality, etc 7. rare the act of besieging with military forces, works, etc

Investment is trying to make more money

Definitions (2) 1. In finance, the purchase of a financial product or other item of value with an expectation of favorable future returns. In general terms, investment means the use money in the hope of making more money. 2. In business, the purchase by a producer of a physical good, such as durable equipment or inventory, in the hope of improving future business.

In

In means within

in 1 (n) prep. 1. a. Within the limits, bounds, or area of: was hit in the face; born in the spring; a chair in the garden. b. From the outside to a point within; into: threw the letter in the wastebasket. 2. To or at a situation or condition of: was split in two; in debt; a woman in love. 3. a. Having the activity, occupation, or function of: a life in politics; the officer in command. b. During the act or process of: tripped in racing for the bus. 4. a. With the arrangement or order of: fabric that fell in luxuriant folds; arranged to purchase the car in equal payments. b. After the style or form of: a poem in iambic pentameter. 5. With the characteristic, attribute, or property of: a tall man in an overcoat. 6. a. By means of: paid in cash. b. Made with or through the medium of: a statue in bronze; a note written in German. 7. With the aim or purpose of: followed in pursuit. 8. With reference to: six inches in depth; has faith in your judgment. 9. Used to indicate the second and larger term of a ratio or proportion: saved only one in ten. adv. 1. To or toward the inside: opened the door and stepped in. 2. To or toward a destination or goal: The mob closed in. 3. Sports So as to score, as by crossing home plate in baseball: singled the runner in. 4. Within a place, as of business or residence: The manager is in before anyone else. 5. So as to be available or under one's control: We can proceed when all the evidence is in. 6. So as to include or incorporate: Fold in the egg whites. 7. So as to occupy a position of success or favor: campaigned hard and was voted in. 8. In a particular relationship: got in bad with their supervisor. adj. 1. Located inside; inner. 2. Incoming; inward: took the in bus. 3. Holding office; having power: the in party. 4. Informal a. Currently fashionable: the in thing to wear this season. b. Concerned with or attuned to the latest fashions: the in crowd. See Synonyms at fashionable. 5. Relating to, understandable to, or coming from an exclusive group: an in reference. n. 1. One that has position, influence, or power: the ins against the outs. 2. Informal Influence; power: had an in with the authorities. Idioms: in for Guaranteed to get or have: You're in for a big surprise. in on Informed about; participating in: Only one business partner was not in on the illegal scheme. in that For the reason that.

In means included in a space

in   [in] Show IPA preposition, adverb, adjective, noun, verb, inned, in·ning. preposition 1. (used to indicate inclusion within space, a place, or limits): walking in the park. 2. (used to indicate inclusion within something abstract or immaterial): in politics; in the autumn. 3. (used to indicate inclusion within or occurrence during a period or limit of time): in ancient times; a task done in ten minutes. 4. (used to indicate limitation or qualification, as of situation, condition, relation, manner, action, etc.): to speak in a whisper; to be similar in appearance. 5. (used to indicate means): sketched in ink; spoken in French.

In means within

a —used as a function word to indicate inclusion, location, or position within limits b : into 1 2 —used as a function word to indicate means, medium, or instrumentality 3 a —used as a function word to indicate limitation, qualification, or circumstance b : into 2a 4 —used as a function word to indicate purpose 5 —used as a function word to indicate the larger member of a ratio