Иностранный язык (английский) Задания для контрольных работ по направлению «Юриспруденция»

TEST XI

OXFORD MUSEUMS

• 
  The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology was founded in 1683. It is one of the oldest museums in the world and was the first museum in Britain to be open to the public.
  
• 
  The University Museum of Natural History houses the University's scientific collections of zoological, entomological, palaeontological and mineral specimens.
  
• 
  The Pitt Rivers Museum is a world famous ethnographic museum, celebrating human cultural creativity.
  
• 
  The Museum of the History of Science houses an unrivalled collection of historic scientific instruments.
  
• 
  The Bate Collection of Musical Instruments includes historical woodwind, brass and percussion instruments; over a dozen historical keyboard instruments; and a complete bow-maker's workshop.
  
• 
  Christ Church Picture Gallery holds an important collection of Old Master paintings and drawings totaling 300 paintings and almost 2,000 drawings.
  
• 
  The University of Oxford Botanic Garden is the oldest botanic garden in Britain, and the most compact yet diverse collection of plants in the world.
  
• 
  The Harcourt Arboretum, which is home to informal gardens, walks and rides. The Arboretum forms an integral part of the plant collection of the Botanic Garden.
  

With the opening of its doors on 24 May 1683, the Ashmolean Museum provided a setting in which the private collection emerged into the public domain. Even the use of the term “Museum” was a novelty in English.

The collection presented to the University of Oxford by Elias Ashmole (1617-1692) was in origin already half a century old by this time, having been founded by John Tradescant and displayed to the public. The contents were universal in scope, with man-made and natural specimens from every corner of the known world.

By the time it passed to Ashmole, the collection of miscellaneous curiosities had grown in scale and stature to the point where its new owner could present it to the University as a major scientific resource.

The Collections of the Ashmolean Museum are divided between five departments.

Antiquities Collections cover a wide range in both space and time. From the Palaeolithic to Victorian periods; from Egypt and the Middle East to Europe and Britain.

Cast Gallery Collection comprises casts from sculpture from museums around the world mainly from Roman and Greek conUNITs.

Eastern Art Collections cover a large area of the Orient, from the Islamic world of the Middle East through India, Tibet and South East Asia, to China, Japan and Korea.

Heberden Coin Room Collections cover coins and medals from around the world, but most notably Greek, Roman, Celtic, Byzantine, Medieval, Islamic, Indian and Chinese.

The Oxford University Museum of Natural History houses the University's scientific collections, accumulated in the course of the last three centuries. The purpose of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History is to assemble, preserve, and exhibit the University's natural history collections and to promote research, teaching, and public education in the natural sciences based on the museum's collections.

The Pitt Rivers Museum was founded in 1884 when Lt.-General Pitt Rivers, an influential figure in the development of archaeology and evolutionary anthropology, gave his collection to the University. His two conditions were that a museum was built to house it and that someone should be appointed to lecture in anthropology.

The Museum displays archaeological and ethnographic objects from all parts of the world. The General's founding gift contained more than 18,000 objects but there are now over half a million. Many were donated by early anthropologists and explorers. The extensive photographic and sound archives contain early records of great importance. Today the Museum is an active teaching department of the University of Oxford. It also continues to collect through donations, bequests, special purchases and through its students, in the course of their fieldwork.

The Museum of the History of Science houses an unrivalled (не имеющий себе равных, непревзойденный) collection of historic scientific. By virtue of the collection and the building, the Museum occupies a special position, both in the study of the history of science and in the development of western culture and collecting. The present collection of the Museum preserves the material relics of past science, including a unique library of manuscripts, incunabula, prints, printed ephemera and early photographic material. As a department of the University of Oxford, the Museum has a role both in making these relics available for study by historians who are willing to look beyond the traditional confines of books and manuscripts as well as presenting them to the visiting public. The objects represented – of which there are approximately 10,000 – cover almost all aspects of the history of science, from antiquity to the early twentieth century. Particular strengths include the collections of early mathematical and optical instruments, together with apparatus associated with chemistry, natural philosophy and medicine.

The Bate Collection of Musical Instruments, in the Faculty of Music at Oxford University, is the most comprehensive collection in Britain of European woodwind, brass and percussion.

In 1963 Philip Bate generously gave to the University of Oxford his extensive and systematic collection of European orchestral woodwind instruments. Since then he has continued to augment the Collection with gifts and loans. As a result of his original conditional of gift, that students should be able to play these historic instruments, the Bate Collection is unique in that many of its instruments are used.

There are on display more than a thousand instruments, by all the most important English, French and German makers, which show the musical and mechanical development of all wind and percussion instruments from the Renaissance and the Baroque to modern times.

Christ Church is unique among the Oxford or Cambridge colleges in possessing an important collection of Old Master paintings and drawings. The collection is strong in Italian art, from the 14th century to the 18th century: there are some good panel paintings by early, often anonymous masters. The Picture Gallery at Christ Church represents one of the most important private collections in the country and includes work by many renowned masters including Leonardo, Michelangelo, Dürer, Raphael and Rubens. Naturally, for reasons of space and conservation, the entire drawings collection cannot be shown. However, a selection of drawings is always on view, and this is changed every two to three months.

The University of Oxford Botanic Garden is the oldest botanic garden in Great Britain. Throughout its three hundred and eighty year history the Garden has continually evolved and developed to the point that today it is recognised as a classic yet contemporary botanic garden at the heart of the University and City of Oxford.

The first major figure in the history of the Garden was Sir Henry Danvers, who gave five thousand pounds (equivalent to £3.5 million today) to set up a physic garden for "the glorification of God and for the furtherance of learning". Today the Garden is still committed "to promoting learning and glorifying nature".

Gardening at the University of Oxford Botanic Garden is seen as a process rather than a product. During the last four centuries it has been essential that successive generations of gardeners have ensured that the Garden has been used by the University and other visitors.

Today, people of all ages and backgrounds use the Garden. Undergraduates studying biological sciences and related subjects at the University of Oxford visit the Garden to learn about many aspects of plant biology. Over 6,500 school children visit the Garden each year as part of the Schools Education Program. Many of these children visit glasshouses such as the Palm House, where they find cocoa, oranges, bananas and coconuts, and the Cactus House where they can escape to the desert. The Garden ensures that adults as well as children can benefit from the Garden's Education Program. Each year more than 5,000 adults attend courses and tours at the Garden to learn more about botany, horticulture and gardening.

Six miles south of Oxford is the Harcourt Arboretum. This is an integral part of the plant collection of the Botanic Garden.

There are no walls, glasshouses or straight lines at the Arboretum – it is almost as if it were designed to be the antidote to the formality of the Botanic Garden in central Oxford.

In May and June the Arboretum is ablaze with azaleas and rhododendrons and in October the Japanese maples can brighten even the dullest day. But there is more. In spring there is a quintessentially English 10-acre woodland and in summer a 37-acre meadow full of wild flowers.

There are a lot of the plants from mountainous parts of the world. Six beds have been planted with species from the Pyrenees, the Pindhos Mountains, the Himalayas, the Drakensburg Mountains, the Chilean Andes and South Island of New Zealand.

The Arboretum has been part of the University since 1963. Today many visitors come to the Arboretum to enjoy a unique blend of Garden and Nature – the transition from one to the other being almost imperceptible.

1. 
   24 May 1683
   
2. 
   1617-1692
   
3. 
   1884
   
4. 
   1835
   
5. 
   1963 (two events)
   

1. 
   300 A. pounds
   
2. 
   2,000 B. objects
   
3. 
   18,000 C. miles
   
4. 
   10,000 D. school children
   
5. 
   6,500 E. musical instruments
   
6. 
   5,000 F. objects
   
7. 
   6 G. drawings
   
8. 
   4 H. adults
   
9. 
   3.5 million I. centuries
   
10. 
    5,000 J. paintings
    
11. 
    1,000 K. pounds
    

4. 
   flutes
   
5. 
   ancient Greek coins and medals
   
6. 
   costumes from North America including Inuit fur parkas
   
7. 
   Madonna della Fortuna, a monumental wooden carving, Italy, 17th century
   
8. 
   casts from different sculptures
   
9. 
   Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton
   
10. 
    A Pilgrim's Souvenir, Palestine, 18th century
    
11. 
    Russian paintings
    
12. 
    dinosaur eggs from China
    
13. 
    ethnological materials collected on Captain Cook's Pacific voyage of 1773-1774
    
14. 
    Hawaiian feather cloaks
    
15. 
    paintings of Albrecht Duerer
    
16. 
    ceremonial ivories (aйври, слоновая кость) from the Kingdom of Benin
    
17. 
    enlarged models of insects
    
18. 
    ancient instruments for astronomy and navigation
    
19. 
    early mathematical instruments generally for calculating
    
20. 
    microscopes, telescopes and cameras
    
21. 
    boxwood orchestral castanets
    
22. 
    Islamic Ceramics
    
23. 
    ancient medicine equipment
    
24. 
    Violin and Violoncello by Henry Jay
    
25. 
    early masks worn by actors in Japanese Noh dramas
    
26. 
    Head of a Young Woman (painting of Andrea del Verrocchio)
    
27. 
    masks from Africa, Melanesia and North America
    
28. 
    A Grotesque Head (painting of Leonardo da Vinci)
    
29. 
    double-manual Harpsichord
    
30. 
    works of Michelangelo
    

1. 
   Are Oxford museums open to public?
   
2. 
   Is admission to museums is free?
   
3. 
   When was the Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology founded?
   
4. 
   Who presented his collection to the University of Oxford in 1683?
   
5. 
   Who started the collection of the Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology?
   
6. 
   Which museum is the first one in Britain to be open to the public?
   
7. 
   What can you find in the University Museum of Natural History? In the Pitt Rivers Museum ? In the Museum of the History of Science?
   
8. 
   What kind of instruments does the. The Bate Collection of Musical Instruments contain?
   
9. 
   How many paintings and drawings are there in the Christ Church Picture Gallery?
   
10. 
    Is The Oxford Botanic Garden the oldest botanic garden in Britain?
    
11. 
    Is The Oxford Botanic Garden collection the most diverse collection of plants in the world?
    
12. 
    Where is the Harcourt Arboretum located?
    
13. 
    How many departments are there in the Collection of the Ashmolean Museum? What are they?
    

1. 
   The collections of the Antiquities Department contain a wide range of objects from the Palaeolithic to Victorian periods; from Egypt and the Middle East to Europe and Britain.
   
2. 
   Cast Gallery Collection comprises casts from sculpture from museums around the world.
   
3. 
   Eastern Art Collections contain a lot of objects from India, Tibet and South East Asia, China, Japan and Korea.
   
4. 
   There is a large collection of coins and medals in the Heberden Coin Room.
   
5. 
   The coins in the Heberden Coin Room are mostly from Greece, Islamic countries, India and China.
   
6. 
   The collections of the Museum of Natural History are accumulated in the course of the last three centuries. One of the purposes of the Oxford University Museum of Natural History collections is to promote research in the natural sciences.
   
7. 
   The Pitt Rivers Museum was founded in 1884.
   
8. 
   The founder of the Pitt Rivers Museum is Lt.-General Pitt Rivers.
   
9. 
   Lt.-General Pitt Rivers was an influential figure in the development of archaeology and anthropology.
   
10. 
    Giving his collection to the University Pitt Rivers had two conditions.
    
11. 
    The Pitt Rivers’ conditions were that a building was built to house the collection and that someone should be appointed to lecture in anthropology.
    
12. 
    There were more than 18,000 objects in the Pitt Rivers' gift.
    
13. 
    The Pitt Rivers’ collection augmented from 18,000 objects to half a million.
    
14. 
    Many objects were donated to the Pitt Rivers Museum by anthropologists and explorers.
    
15. 
    The sound archive of the Pitt Rivers Museum contains early records of great importance.
    
16. 
    Today the Pitt Rivers Museum is an active teaching department of the University of Oxford.
    
17. 
    The collection of the Pitt Rivers Museum grows through donations, and the work of the students.
    

1. 
   The Museum houses an unrivalled collection of paintings.
   
2. 
   The Museum is well known by virtue of the collection and its building.
   
3. 
   The Museum is not a department of the University of Oxford.
   
4. 
   The objects of the Museum are available for study by historians.
   
5. 
   The books of the Museum are not very interesting for the historians.
   
6. 
   There is about a million of objects in the Museum.
   
7. 
   The objects represented in the Museum are all antique.
   
8. 
   There is a large collection of early mathematical instruments, but there are no optical ones.
   
9. 
   There are a lot of apparatus associated with chemistry in the Museum.
   
10. 
    You can find incunabula, prints and printed ephemera in the Museum.
    

1. 
   There is a Faculty of Music at Oxford University.
   
2. 
   The Bate Collection of Musical Instruments is quite small.
   
3. 
   The Collection contains the musical instruments from all over the world.
   
4. 
   The Bate Collection is called so because it is located in Bate.
   
5. 
   There are no European orchestral woodwind instruments in the collection.
   
6. 
   Philip Bate has stopped augmenting his collection after giving it to the University.
   
7. 
   Philip Bate still augments the Collection with gifts and loans.
   
8. 
   When Philip Bate gave his collection to the University of Oxford he had no conditional.
   
9. 
   The Bate Collection is unique because many of its instruments are used.
   
10. 
    There are about two hundred instruments in the collection.
    
11. 
    All the instruments are created by English makers.
    
12. 
    The collection shows the musical and mechanical development of all wind and percussion instruments from the Renaissance to modern times.
    
13. 
    Philip Bate gave his collection to the University of Oxford in 1963.
    

1. 
   At Cambridge there are a lot of collections similar to the Christ Church collection.
   
2. 
   The Christ Church posses about 2000 paintings.
   
3. 
   The Christ Church contains paintings and drawings of old and contemporary masters.
   
4. 
   The collection is strongly Italian.
   
5. 
   The collection covers the period from the 12th to the 14th century.
   
6. 
   All the masters of the paintings are well known.
   
7. 
   The collection is one of the most important private collections in the country.
   
8. 
   There are works of Leonardo, Michelangelo, Duerer, Raphael and Rubens in the collection.
   
9. 
   The entire drawings collection is shown at Christ Church.
   
10. 
    A selection of drawings shown at Christ Church is changed every year.
    

1. 
   Оксфордский Ботанический Сад один из самых старых в Англии.
   
2. 
   История Ботанический Сада насчитывает около трехсот восьмидесяти лет.
   
3. 
   Чтобы основать сад были выделены пять тысяч фунтов.
   
4. 
   Целью основания Ботанического Сада было «прославление Бога и содействие в научных исследованиях».
   
5. 
   Оксфордский Ботанический Сад служит для «прославления природы».
   
6. 
   В настоящее время Ботанический Сад посещают много людей.
   
7. 
   Студенты, изучающие биологию, очень интересуются Ботаническим Садом.
   
8. 
   В оранжереи Ботанического Сада приходит много школьников.
   
9. 
   В Ботаническом Саду есть специальное место, посвященное растениям пустыни.
   
10. 
    Ботанический Сад предоставляет специальную учебную программу для подростков.
    

1. 
   Six miles south of Oxford is the … .
   
2. 
   It is a part of the plant … of the Botanic Garden.
   
3. 
   There are no … there.
   
4. 
   You can say that the Harcourt Arboretum was designed to be the … to the Botanic Garden.
   
5. 
   In May and June the Arboretum is … with azaleas.
   
6. 
   In October there are a lot of … .
   
7. 
   In spring there is a quintessentially English 10-acre … .
   
8. 
   There are a lot of the … from mountains.
   
9. 
   Six … have been planted with species from different mountains.
   
10. 
    The Arboretum … part of the University since 1963.
    

1. 
   famous
   
2. 
   cultural
   
3. 
   unrivalled
   
4. 
   compact
   
5. 
   diverse
   
6. 
   integral
   
7. 
   universal
   
8. 
   miscellaneous
   
9. 
   unrivalled
   
10. 
    available
    
11. 
    comprehensive
    
12. 
    contemporary
    
13. 
    integral
    
14. 
    dull
    
15. 
    unique
    

1. 
   mainly A. особенно, в особенности
   
2. 
   notably B. естественно
   
3. 
   quintessentially C. главным образом, преимущественно
   
4. 
   continually D. в международном масштабе
   
5. 
   naturally E. обильно, щедро, много
   
6. 
   generously F. типично
   
7. 
   internationally G. непрерывно, все время
   

1. 
   human
   
2. 
   complete
   
3. 
   informal
   
4. 
   wide
   
5. 
   extensive
   
6. 
   particular
   
7. 
   systematic
   
8. 
   strong
   
9. 
   essential
   
10. 
    successive
    
11. 
    wild
    
12. 
    imperceptible
    

1. 
   She wants to change her job … purely personal reasons.
   
2. 
   In addition … giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
   
3. 
   They own a house in France as well … a villa in Spain.
   
4. 
   I believe the increasing use … computers in education is reasonable.
   
5. 
   This is a large organization with offices throughout … the world.
   
6. 
   She felt fine except … being a little tired.
   
7. 
   The word is French … origin.
   
8. 
   The phone was ringing but … the time she got indoors, it had stopped.
   
9. 
   What is the purpose … your visit?
   
10. 
    She became a British resident by virtue … her marriage.
    
11. 
    As a result … the pilots' strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
    
12. 
    This is a cheap and simple process. However … there are dangers.
    
13. 
    This is a large organization with offices throughout … the world.