Inter-american commission on human rights

231 Comisión Cubana de Derechos Humanos y Reconciliación Nacional [Cuban National Human Rights and Reconciliation Commission]. October 3, 2011. Algunos actos de represión política registrados en Cuba durante septiembre de 2011 [Some acts of political repression recorded in Cuba in September 2011]; Centro de Información Hablemos Press. October 3, 2011. Informe mensual de violaciones de los derechos humanos. [Monthly report on human rights violations]; EFE News Service. October 4, 2010. Septiembre malo para la disidencia. [A Bad September for the dissident movement]; Inter-American Press Association (IAPA). September 29, 2011. IAPA condemns increased harassment in Cuba; Reuters. October 3, 2011. Grupo disidente Cuba reporta histórica cifra detenciones mensuales. [Cuban dissident group reports historic figure on monthly arrests]

232 Embassy of Great Britain in Cuba. September 29, 2011. Recent reports of short term detentions in Cuba, British Ambassador Dianna Melrose Comments on the Situation.

233 Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)/IFEX. April 25, 2011. Journalists face arrest, intimidation during Party Congress; Reporters Without Borders. July 1, 2011. Authorities Step Up Harassment of Independent News Centre.

234 Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)/IFEX. April 25, 2011. Journalists face arrest, intimidation during Party Congress; Reporters Without Borders. July 1, 2011. Authorities Step Up Harassment of Independent News Centre.

235 Misceláneas de Cuba. April 19, 2011. Informe sobre represión contra corresponsales de Hablemos Press [Report on repression against correspondents of Hablemos Press]; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)/IFEX, April 25, 2011. Journalists face arrest, intimidation during Party Congress.

236 Misceláneas de Cuba. April 19, 2011. Informe sobre represión contra corresponsales de Hablemos Press. [Report on repression against correspondents of Hablemos Press]; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)/IFEX. April 25, 2011. Journalists face arrest, intimidation during Party Congress.

237 Misceláneas de Cuba. April 19, 2011. Informe sobre represión contra corresponsales de Hablemos Press. [Report on repression against correspondents of Hablemos Press]; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)/IFEX. April 25, 2011. Journalists face arrest, intimidation during Party Congress.

238 Misceláneas de Cuba. April 19, 2011. Informe sobre represión contra corresponsales de Hablemos Press. [Report on repression against correspondents of Hablemos Press]; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)/IFEX. April 25, 2011. Journalists face arrest, intimidation during Party Congress.

239 Europa Press. December 14, 2010. Guillermo Fariñas no logra el permiso para salir de Cuba. [Guillermo Fariñas not given permission to leave Cuba]; El Mundo. December 13, 2010. Fariñas responsabiliza a Fidel y no a Raúl por no dejarle recoger el premio Sájarov. [Fariñas blames Fidel, not Raúl for not allowing him to go to receive his Sakharov Prize]

240 Inter-American Press Association (IAPA). January 28, 2011. IAPA calls for end to repression in Cuba; Agence France Presse (AFP). January 28, 2011. Cuba: Guillermo Fariñas liberado tras segundo arresto en 24 horas. [Cuba: Guillermo Fariñas released after second arrest in 24 hours]

241 La Voz de Galicia. April 7, 2011. El opositor cubano Fariñas, en arresto domiciliario tras otra detención. [Cuban dissident Fariñas under house arrest after being detained again]; EFE News Service. April 7, 2011. Disidente cubano Guillermo Fariñas, de nuevo preso. [Cuban dissident Fariñas jailed again]

242 Europa Press. September 19, 2011. Arrestan a unos 150 opositores cubanos en los últimos días. [Some 150 members of Cuban opposition arrested in recent days]; EFE News Service. September 16, 2011. Más de 20 opositores fueron detenidos en Cuba. [More than 20 members of Cuban opposition arrested in Cuba]

243 EFE News Service. September 9. Esposas de dos expresos del grupo de los 75 denuncian detención. [Wives of two former prisoners of Group of 75 denounce arrest]; Net for Cuba. September 12, 2011. Two exprisoners of conscience remain arbitrarily arrested.

244 Diario de Las Américas. March 17, 2011. Marcha por la Libertad cobra fuerza en Cuba. [March for Freedom Gains Momentum in Cuba]; ABC. October 5, 2011. Ofensiva de los Castro con 600 encarcelados en un mes. [Castro brothers’ offensive with 600 persons arrested in one month]; Tellus Folio. September 19, 2011. La missione de la Dame in Bianco: Lottare per la libertà del popolo cubano; La revolución de los gladiolos. September 10, 2011. Idania Yánez Contreras, presidenta de la Coalición Central Opositora.

245 Inter-American Press Association (IAPA). September 29, 2011. IAPA Condemns Increased Harassment in Cuba; El Nuevo Herald. September 28, 2011. Brutal agresión a líderes de la disidencia cubana. [Leaders of Cuban dissident movement face brutal aggression]

246 Milenio. September 9, 2011. Liberados opositores cubanos tras ser detenidos temporalmente en procesión. [Leaders of Cuban opposition released after being detained temporarily in march]; La Verdad.Es. September 19, 2011. 26 disidentes detenidos en Santiago y La Habana. [26 dissidents detained in Santiago and Havana]

247 Agence France Presse (AFP). September 24, 2011. Seguidores del Gobierno cubano acosan e impiden a Damas de Blanco ir a misa. [Supporters of Cuban Government harass Ladies in White and prevent them from attending mass]; EFE News Service. September 24, 2011. Oficialistas acosan a Damas de Blanco y les impiden ir a misa por día Merced. [Government supporters harass Ladies in White and prevent them from attending masson the feast of Our Lady of Mercy]

248 Cubaencuentro. October 2, 2010. Detienen y golpean a mujeres en Palma Soriano [Women detained and beaten in Palma Soriano]; Radio Martí. No date. Entrevista al ex preso político José Daniel Ferrer García. [Interview with former political prisoner José Daniel Ferrer García]

249 El Mundo. April 8, 2011. Carlos Hernando: “Se me ha pasado pero han sido momentos muy difíciles”. [Carlos Hernando: It happened, but there were some very difficult moments]; Intereconomía. April 7, 2011. Carlos Hernando detenido por “contrarrevolucionario”. [Carlos Hernando detained as counterrevolutionary]

250 El País. September 5, 2011. Apoyo de FAPE y Reporteros sin Fronteras al corresponsal de El País en Cuba. [FAPE and Reporters Without Borders Come to Defense of El País correspondent in Cuba]; Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas. September 5, 2011. Unhappy with "negative" coverage, Cuba revokes press credentials of foreign correspondent.

251 There are two webs in Cuba: one domestic, with limited access to information resources, and the other international. The average hourly cost of connecting to the domestic network is close to US$1.63, while the average hourly cost of connection to the international network is US$5.48, in an economy where the average monthly salary is US$20. In January the government reportedly announced an improvement in satellite connections that would increase connectivity by 10%. Reporters Without Borders. 2010. Internet Enemies; Cf. Inter-American Press Association (IAPA). April 2011. Country reports: Cuba.

252 IACHR. Annual Report 2010. OEA/SER.L/V/II. Doc.5. March 7, 2011. Volume II: Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression. Chapter II (Evaluation of the State of Freedom of Expression in the Hemisphere). Paras. 186 et seq.

253 BBC News. February 9, 2011. Cuba welcomes new Internet cable link with Venezuela; Generación Y. August 30, 2011. ¡Dame Cable! [Give Me Cable!].

254 Ministry of Information Technology and Communications. Resolución No 179/2008; Ministry of Information Technology and Communications. Resolución 55/2009.

255 Ministry of Information Technology and Communications. Resolución 55/2009.

256 IACHR. Annual Report 1999: Annual Report of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression 1999. Chapter II. Assessment of the Situation of Freedom of Expression in the Hemisphere: D. The Internet and Freedom of Expression.

257 Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). December 7, 2010. Reportero deportivo ecuatoriano golpeado y amenazado. Available at: http://cpj.org/es/americas/ecuador/; Fundamedios/IFEX. December 7, 2010. Periodista secuestrado, amenazado de muerte. Available at: http://www.ifex.org/ecuador/2010/12/07/campana_death_threats/es/

258 El Diario. May 7, 2011. Balean medios Ediasa en Manta. Available at: http://www.eldiario.com.ec/noticias-manabi-ecuador/190854-balean-oficina-de-ediasa-en-manta/; Andean Group for Freedom of Information (EL GALI). June 3, 2011. Disparan contra oficinas de grupo periodístico. Available at: http://www.elgali.org/monitoreo/ecuador/disparan-contra-oficinas-grupo-periodistico?page=7

259 International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX) December 21, 2010. Materiales periodísticos embargados en aparatoso operativo policial. Available at: http://www.ifex.org/ecuador/2010/12/21/vanguardia_desalojo/es/; Inter-American Press Association (IAPA). December 20, 2010. Condena la SIP atropello desproporcionado contra revista ecuatoriana. Available at: http://www.sipiapa.org/v4/index.php?page=cont_comunicados&seccion=detalles&idioma=sp&id=4493. Hoy. December 21, 2010. Vanguardia presenta pedido de protección. Available at: http://www.hoy.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/vanguardia-pide-revocatoria-del-operativo-de-desalojo-448675.html; Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas. December 21, 2010. Fiscalía Investigará Embargo a Revista Opositora en Ecuador. Available at: http://knightcenter.utexas.edu/es/blog/fiscalia-investigara-embargo-revista-opositora-en-ecuador; El Ciudadano. January 10, 2011. Fideicomiso: Si Vanguardia paga, se resuelve el problema coactivo. Available at: http://www.elciudadano.gov.ec/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20194:fideicomiso-si-vanguardia-paga-se-resuelve-el-problema-&catid=1:archivo&Itemid=34

260 International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX). December 30, 2010. Se impide que revista recupere materiales periodísticos de discos duros embargados. Available at: http://www.ifex.org/ecuador/2010/12/30/magazine_personnel_blocked/es/

261 International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX). March 31, 2011. Periodistas son agredidos e impedidos de realizar cobertura por comuneros indígenas. Available at: http://www.ifex.org/ecuador/2011/03/31/el_topo/es/; Ecuador en Vivo. March 25, 2011. Indígenas agreden a palos, piedras y ortiga a periodistas. Available at: http://www.ecuadorenvivo.com/2011032569306/sociedad/indigenas_agreden_con_palos_piedras_y_ortiga_a_periodistas_.html

262 Fundamedios. October 2011. El 30 de septiembre, un antes y un después en las agresiones contra la prensa. Available in the archives of the Office of the Special Rapporteur and at: http://www.ifex.org/ecuador/2011/10/03/ecuador_fundamedios_informe.pdf

263 Statement of Emilio Palacio. July 21, 2011. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uR_09xDsd5A; Office of the President of the Republic of Ecuador. September 24, 2011. Enlace Ciudadano 239. Available at: http://www.presidencia.gob.ec/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=90&func=fileinfo&id=1006 and at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbSlb4cIkLo; Presidential Speech of November 1, 2011. Lo que olvidó decir Fundamedios en la CIDH. You Tube. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAi3L3DVbQs&feature=related

264 Office of the President of the Republic of Ecuador. September 24, 2011. Enlace Ciudadano 239. Available at: http://www.presidencia.gob.ec/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=90&func=fileinfo&id=1006 and at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbSlb4cIkLo; Presidential Speech of November 1, 2011. Lo que olvidó decir Fundamedios en la CIDH. You Tube. Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAi3L3DVbQs&feature=related

265 Instituto de Prensa y Sociedad (IPYS). March 7, 2011. Ciudadano agredido por escolta presidencial. Available at: http://www.ipys.org/index.php?q=alerta/360; Article 19. November 19, 2011. Ecuador: Article 19’s Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review. Available at: http://www.article19.org/resources.php/resource/2859/en/ecuador:-article-19%E2%80%99s-submission-to-the-un-universal-periodic-review

266 With respect to this matter, President Rafael Correa reportedly stated: “(…) I assure you that there are people behind this because of the electoral campaign. (…) The appropriate legal action will also be taken, because to insult the President, to call him a fascist, etcetera, is criminal, it is a criminal offense, it’s called desacato. Whether we like it or not, it is defined as an offense in the Criminal Code, and it gives rise to pain and suffering; it affects my honor (…)” Ecuador Times. March 4, 2011. Correa demandará a Sovenis por el incidente “fascista”. Available at: http://www.ecuadortimes.net/es/2011/03/04/correa-interpondra-demanda-contra-sovenis/; Ciudadanía Informada. March 4, 2011. Correa anuncia acciones legales contra quienes le bloquearon el paso en Esmeraldas. Available at: http://www.ciudadaniainformada.com/noticias-politica-ecuador0/noticias-politica-ecuador/ir_a/ciudadania-informada/article//correa-anuncia-acciones-legales-contra-quienes-le-bloquearon-el-paso-en-esmeraldas.html

267 “Art. 230.- Anyone who with threats, meanaces, or defamation should offend the President of the Republic or another person exercising Executive functions, shall be punished with a term of imprisonment ranging from six months to two years, and a fine ranging from sixteen to seventy-seven United States dollars” (El que con amenazas, amagos o injurias, ofendiere al Presidente de la República o al que ejerza la Función Ejecutiva, será reprimido con seis meses a dos años de prisión y multa de dieciséis a setenta y siete dólares de los Estados Unidos de Norte América”). Available at: http://www.oas.org/juridico/MLA/sp/ecu/sp_ecu-int-text-cp.pdf

268 Andean Group for Freedom of Information (EL GALI). June 2, 2011. Dos ciudadanos son detenidos por supuestamente insultar y hacer señales obscenas. Available at: http://www.elgali.org/monitoreo/ecuador/dos-ciudadanos-son-detenidos-supuestamente-insultar-y-hacer-senales-obscenas; Hoy. April 14, 2011. Presos dos acusados de ofender a Correa. Available at: http://www.hoy.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/presos-dos-acusados-de-ofender-a-correa-469700.html

269 Office of the President of the Republic of Ecuador. April 16, 2011. Enlace Ciudadano No 217, Milagro – Guayas (minutes 1:37:00 and 2:26:00). Available at: http://www.presidencia.gob.ec/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=90&func=startdown&id=811; Andean Group for Freedom of Information (EL GALI). June 2, 2011. Dos ciudadanos son detenidos por supuestamente insultar y hacer señales obscenas. Available at: http://www.elgali.org/monitoreo/ecuador/dos-ciudadanos-son-detenidos-supuestamente-insultar-y-hacer-senales-obscenas

270 El Ciudadano. April 14, 2011. Presidente pide respetar su integridad. Available at: http://www.elciudadano.gov.ec/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23393:presidente-rafael-correa-reitero-que-irma-parra-le-ofendio-audio&catid=40:actualidad&Itemid=63

271 In December 2009, the National Telecommunications Council cancelled the license of the radio station La Voz de Arutam, alleging that the station had taken part in inciting an indigenous uprising against the Water Act, which left one person dead. However, that decision was corrected once it was demonstrated that the audio had not been properly translated into the Ashuar language. Oclacc.org. Radio Evangelización. January 27, 2010. Conatel decide no clausurar Radio Arutam; SIGNIS Ecuador aplaude medida. Available at: http://oclacc.org/noticia/conatel-decide-no-clausurar-radio-arutam-signis-ecuador-aplaude-medida; Second Chamber for Labor and Juvenile Matters. Case No. 2011-0084. Habeas Corpus. Available at: http://www.funcionjudicial-pichincha.gov.ec/pichincha/index.php/consulta-de-procesos; International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX). February 11, 2011. Ex director de radio acusado de terrorismo y sabotaje recupera su libertad. Available at: http://www.ifex.org/ecuador/2011/02/11/acacho_released/es/; Official News Agency of Ecuador and Latin America (ANDES). February 8, 2011. Corte Provincial de Pichincha concedió hábeas a favor de indígenas Shuar. Available at: http://andes.info.ec/actualidad/corte-provincial-de-pichincha-concedio-haveas-corpus-a-favor-de-indigenas-amazonicos-avance-49481.html

272 Communication from the State of Ecuador, Office of the Attorney General. Official Letter No. 05303. December 1. 2011. Response to the questions posed at the October 25, 2011 Thematic Hearing on the Situation of Freedom of Expression in Ecuador. P. 11. Available in the Archives of the Office of the Special Rapporteur.

273 Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). May 2, 2011. Reportero ecuatoriano preso por difamación. Available at: http://cpj.org/es/2011/05/reportero-ecuatoriano-preso-por-difamacion.php; International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX). May 4, 2011. Periodista de radio condenado a un año de prisión por injurias calumniosas. Available at: http://www.ifex.org/ecuador/2011/05/04/vite_jailed/es/

274 Third Court of Criminal Guarantees of Esmeralda. Case No. 08253-2008-0150. November 11, 2008. Serious calumnious and non-calumnious defamtion. Available at: http://www.funcionjudicial-esmeraldas.gob.ec/index.php/nombre; International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX). May 25, 2011. Periodista preso por injurias recupera libertad. Available at: http://www.ifex.org/ecuador/2011/05/25/vite_released/es/

275 Fifteenth Court of Criminal Guarantees of Guayas. Case No. 09265-2011-0457. March 21, 2011. Serious calumnious and non-calumnious defamtion. Available at: http://www.funcionjudicial-guayas.gob.ec/portal/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=63; Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ). March 31, 2011. Presidente de Ecuador demanda a diario crítico por difamación. Available at: http://www.cpj.org/es/2011/03/presidente-de-ecuador-demanda-a-diario-critico-por.php; Reporters Without Borders. April 1, 2011. Reporteros Sin Fronteras pide al presidente Rafael Correa retirar dos demandas exorbitantes contra la prensa. Available at: http://es.rsf.org/ecuador-reporteros-sin-fronteras-pide-al-01-04-2011,39939.html

276 Emilio Palacio’s opinion column suggested to President Correa, whom he called “The Dictator,” that in order to exonerate those who had taken part in the armed uprising of September 30, 2010, it would be more appropriate to decree an amnesty rather than a pardon, since, he alleged, the president made so many mistakes and the evidence of an attempted coup d’état was so undermined, that it would be better to declare a “legal amnesia” than a unilateral pardon. President Correa expressed particular annoyance at Palacio’s suggestion that a pardon would enable another president in the future to prosecute him for having committed a crime against humanity by ordering an armed attack on the hospital where he had been held—a reference that the president characterized as defamatory, false, and an affront to his honor. El Universo. February 6, 2011. NO a las mentiras. Available at: http://www.eluniverso.com/2011/02/06/1/1363/mentiras.html

277 Fifteenth Court of Criminal Guarantees of Guayas. Case No. 09265-2011-0457. March 21, 2011. Serious calumnious and non-calumnious defamtion. Available at: http://www.funcionjudicial-guayas.gob.ec/portal/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=63

278 Andean Group for Freedom of Information (EL GALI). July 6, 2011. Defensa de Diario el Universo denuncia irregularidades en juicio por $80 millones que les sigue el Presidente de la República. Available at: http://www.elgali.org/monitoreo/ecuador/defensa-diario-el-universo-denuncia-irregularidades-juicio-80-millones-que-les-sig

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