Intercollegiate athletics carr sports associates, inc



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Note: In the “Average Annual Finish” row on Table A above, the first number is the average standing and the second number is the number of schools who scored points that year in the NACDA Cup. Thus, the second number is the worst possible position in that year’s standings for a team that advanced to NCAA post-season competition. A score 1 digit higher than the second number indicates that the school had no team appearances in NCAA post-season competition that year.

For further comparisons, the 11-year average standing of Radford, the BSC, the Atlantic Sun Conference, the Southern Conference and the Colonial Athletics Association are shown on Table B on the next page.

Table B


Radford/Big South NACDA Cup Comparison with 3 Other Conferences




1993-94 to 1998-99

Average


2000-2003 Average

2003-04

Average


11 Year

Aggregate



Colonial Athletic Association Members’ Averages

139 out of 236*

149 out of 260*

159 out of 278^

143 out of 249*

Southern Conference Members’ Averages

195

204

209

199

Atlantic Sun Conference Members’ Averages

210

221

233

217

Big South Conference Members’ Averages

219

220

224

220

Radford University Averages


209

252

279#

230


Averages based upon historical scoring by 2003-04 conference members










* Average number of institutions scoring points within the period

^ Indicates actual number of institutions scoring

# Indicates institution did not score among 278 institutions scoring

Table C follows on the next two pages showing the 11 year standings in the NACDA Cup of each member of the other conferences examined in this study: the Atlantic 10, Southern and Colonial.


Table C
NACDA Cup Standings 1994-2004








































Big South Institutional Comparison


































Institution

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

11 Year Ave

Birmingham Southern College

220

232

242

238

243

246

262

252

261

269

235

245

Virginia Military Institute

195

227

217

213

243

214

229

252

203

229

234

223

Radford University

178

207

219

238

202

214

262

237

261

233

279

230

Winthrop University

220

173

242

238

243

184

199

191

197

172

168

202

UNC Asheville

220

232

242

238

243

246

262

252

261

233

279

246

High Point University

220

232

242

238

243

246

262

252

261

233

235

242

Liberty University

208

225

242

213

142

214

174

158

82

224

201

189

Coastal Carolina University

220

232

186

208

142

214

185

137

167

147

103

176

Charleston Southern University

220

232

208

213

202

214

233

168

261

265

279

227

Annual Average Finish

211/

219

221/

231

226/

241

226/

238

211/243

221/

245

230/

261

211/251

217/261

223/268

224/

278

220




































































































































































































Atlantic Sun Institutional Comparison








































































Institution















































































1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

11 Year Ave

Stetson University

220

232

180

206

243

246

220

227

228

205

279

226

Belmont University

220

232

242

238

243

246

262

252

261

269

279

249

Troy University-Main Campus

153

137

132

128

243

214

199

227

261

265

235

200

Lipscomb University

220

232

242

238

243

246

262

252

261

269

235

245

Campbell University

193

168

242

183

169

214

173

188

228

269

272

209

Mercer University

220

232

242

238

243

246

262

252

239

269

279

247

University Of North Florida

220

232

242

238

243

246

262

252

261

269

279

249

Jacksonville University

220

196

242

238

243

141

217

136

261

184

227

209

East Tennessee State University

131

182

158

121

142

141

168

252

239

186

201

175

Florida Atlantic University

220

232

177

200

243

246

156

191

123

150

92

184

Georgia State University

182

196

238

232

243

184

153

137

206

166

184

193

Average Finish

200

206

212

205

227

215

212

215

233

227

233

217








































Note: Florida Atlantic and Troy move to the Sun Belt Conference in 2005-2006

Table C

NACDA Cup Standings 1994-2004
















































































Southern Conference Institutional Comparison





































Institution















































































1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

11 Yr. Avg.

Davidson College

220

232

242

238

202

246

233

237

261

269

235

238

Furman University

131

138

175

107

169

141

90

111

86

106

142

127

Wofford College

220

232

242

238

243

246

262

252

261

269

157

238

Citadel

220

196

242

238

169

214

262

237

261

232

216

226

Elon University

220

232

242

238

243

246

233

252

261

269

279

247

Appalachian State University

196

102

134

236

202

119

166

109

153

269

279

177

College Of Charleston

208

153

186

147

243

214

262

134

197

186

201

194

UNC-Greensboro

220

131

143

88

142

246

262

183

203

143

190

177

Western Carolina University

196

232

219

194

243

246

262

252

261

269

279

241

UT-Chattanooga

220

194

238

176

142

163

149

252

194

198

136

187

Georgia Southern University

138

232

125

238

169

95

118

88

102

129

194

148

Average Finish

199

189

198

194

197

197

209

191

203

212

209

199




































































































































































































Colonial Institutional Comparison












































































Institution















































































1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

11 Yr. Avg.

College Of William And Mary

56

71

57

42

66

63

78

82

114

58

154

76

James Madison University

95

38

53

71

96

86

64

85

111

129

191

93

University Of Delaware

157

232

141

176

243

141

199

127

261

269

144

190

UNC-Wilmington

220

232

242

238

243

246

233

252

145

127

143

211

Drexel University

220

207

186

238

202

214

262

252

172

214

219

216

Towson University

114

183

116

193

243

184

214

161

219

193

227

186

Hofstra University

220

173

102

143

142

119

76

65

176

125

137

134

George Mason University

68

59

85

60

96

86

126

107

179

220

149

112

Old Dominion University

72

65

80

101

66

63

128

95

123

88

109

90

Virginia Commonwealth University

194

173

157

164

85

141

88

131

107

116

118

134

Average Finish

142

143

122

143

148

134

145

136

161

154

159

143

At Exhibit 5, the Consultants present their comparison of each Radford sport with the potential conferences along with recommendations to achieve greater competitive success.


At Exhibit 7, the Consultants present the number of sports sponsored by each member of the four conferences and also the number of sports sponsored by members of the Radford peer group described in the response to Question 3.


3. What are the trends in intercollegiate athletics at an institution similar to RU? Are those trends sport specific? What impact does the size of the school, specifically schools under 15K students, have on its athletic programs? Also, what impact does proximity to major media markets have on an athletic program?
A. What are the trends in intercollegiate athletics at an institution similar to RU?

Peer Group for Radford University

Radford did not present a list of peer institutions; therefore, to identify trends of similar institutions, the Consultants selected a peer group of twenty-two (22) schools (including Radford) from U.S. News and World Reports’ listing of Southern Master’s Universities. The group is comprised of a wide range of institutions with varying missions and goals, both academically and athletically. Each meets one or both of the following criteria: Master’s Classification public institutions with NCAA sport sponsorship or Master’s Classification public and private institutions in the Commonwealth of Virginia.


Exhibits 6A – 6B present profile information on these peer group institutions: University of Richmond, James Madison University, Citadel Military College of SC, University of Mary Washington, Appalachian State University, College of Charleston, Murray State University, UNC-Wilmington, UNC-Charlotte, Winthrop University, Longwood University, Tennessee Tech University, Marshall University, UT-Chattanooga, Western Kentucky University, Radford University, Western Carolina University, University of North Florida, Georgia Southern University, UT-Martin, Troy University-Main Campus, and Morehead State University.
The conference memberships of these institutions are shown below:

Radford Peer Group Conference Memberships, 2005-06


Conferences

Institutions

Big South

2 Radford, Winthrop

Colonial

2 James Madison, UNC-Wilmington

Southern

6 Citadel, Appalachian State, College of




Charleston, UT-Chattanooga, Western




Carolina

Ohio Valley

  1. Murray State, Tennessee Tech, UT- Martin

Morehead State

Conference USA

1 Marshall

Atlantic Sun

1 North Florida

Atlantic 10

2 Richmond, UNC-Charlotte

Sun Belt

2 Western Kentucky, Troy

Capital AC

1 Mary Washington (Division III)

Independent

1 Longwood





Trends for Radford Peer Group

The Consultants identified the following trends for the Radford Peer Group:
1. Changes in conference or divisional classification. These institutions display the identifiable trend of being fluid with their respective conference(s) or NCAA divisional classification. Within the last five years, eight of the twenty-two have changed their basic affiliation, and of those eight, five sponsor football on either the Division I-A or I-AA level.
Of the three remaining schools that have shifted, two of them (Longwood and North Florida) are moving from Division II to Division I. This is an emerging trend across the county as the NCAA Division I membership continues to grow. The final school of the peers, (UNC-Charlotte, a I-AAA program) is making the move in 2005-2006 from Conference USA (whose members will all sponsor I-A football) to the Atlantic 10 Conference, which is a better home for its strong men’s basketball program.
Thus, of the eight schools in the peer group that changed affiliation in the last five years, UNC-Charlotte was the only school with a similar sport sponsorship to RU. In large part, the upward mobility for Charlotte is based on its history of success in men’s basketball since the 1970’s; therefore, Charlotte has enjoyed a higher-level conference affiliation than Radford. The other peer schools either sponsor the sport of football or were making a move from Division II to Division I.
2. Effects of football, regardless of sponsorship. Today, the pursuit of ideal structures for football competition has led to increased instability in conference membership. Often, shifts in other higher-level conferences (Division I-A or I-AA) trigger I-AAA conference realignment scenarios later on and the exact circumstances cannot be predicted. As a member of the Big South Conference with I-AA and I-AAA members, Radford is significantly affected by football competition, even without sponsoring the sport. Also, future conference options for Radford are defined by the absence of football sponsorship.
Issues involving football have been at the forefront of the latest round of conference realignment. From the peer group, Marshall University has made the most remarkable transformation; it has moved from Division I-AA in 1997 to Division I-A and the Mid-American Conference and effective 2005-2006, to Conference USA. This was all done for the betterment of its football program and for the University to build from that success. Troy University is in the process of making very similar strides.

  1. Are those trends sports specific?

Especially in Division I-A conferences, most of the decision-making process centers on the placement of an institution’s football and/or men’s basketball program. These two sports are usually the only ones generating significant revenues and public profile for an institution; thus, the university wants them to have an attractive conference schedule that will be financially and competitively beneficial. In turn, a potential conference will focus on the success and history of these sports in any given university before extending an invitation.


Each institution must examine its goals for its athletic program and consider changes in conference affiliation with those desired outcomes in mind. For example, a school that wishes to sponsor a broad based sports program with the full financial support of the institution will have a different objective than one putting pressure on its athletic department to become self-supportive. Obviously, a group of conference schools all having similar missions and available resources for its athletic department is ideal but difficult to attain. The schools listed in the peer group all have the same Carnegie Classification but have varying objectives for their athletics programs; this is demonstrated by the differences in the total number of sports sponsored and the absence or varying classifications of football programs.
There appear to be the following sports specific trends or a notable absence of trends among the peer group not related to conference realignments:


  • No significant trend within the peer group for adding or dropping sports throughout a five-year period

  • Most peer institutions have moved toward Title IX compliance by offering more sports for women than for men to reflect enrollment trends favoring female students; only Citadel (over 90% male students) does not offer at least an equal number of sports for women as it does for men

  • The use of mixed-gender teams in sports appears within the peer group as a method of maintaining sport offerings at low cost

  • Among the peer group, the institutions that sponsor football have done so for at least twenty years. Accordingly, this group has not mirrored some Northeastern and Middle Atlantic Regional Master’s institutions that have added both scholarship and non-scholarship football to help stabilize and increase male enrollments.


C. What impact does the size of the school, specifically schools under 15K students, have on its athletic programs?




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