International telecommunication union
Requirements and gap analysis Enhanced mobile broadband services
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- Enhanced massive machine type communications
- Ultra-reliable and low latency communications
- Flexibility and programmability
- Quality of service
- Energy efficiency
- Enhanced privacy and security
Requirements and gap analysis
More and more user devices are being equipped with enhanced media consumption capabilities, such as Ultra-High Definition display, multi-view High Definition display, mobile 3D projections, immersive video conferencing, and augmented reality and mixed reality display and interface. This will all lead to a demand for significantly higher data rates in IMT-2020. The demand for mobile high-definition multimedia also keeps increasing in many areas beyond entertainment, such as medical treatment, safety, and security, which is well reflected to the performance targets for connection density and area traffic capacity in ITU-R recommendation M.2083-0. Editor’s note: the tables containing the descriptions of the gaps have been deleted from this appendix. The final texts describing the standardization gaps are included in the main body of this Report. Where a draft table existed, a reference to the specific text in Clause 7 of the report is made. Gap A.1: Various bandwidth/data-rates demands. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report. Gap A.2: Complex connectivity model. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report. Gap A.3: Application-aware and distributed network architecture. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report.
In IMT-2020 networks, almost every object that can benefit from being connected is expected to be connected through wired or wireless internet technologies, which will lead to a situation where the number of connected devices exceeds the number of human user devices. These connected “things” can be various ranging from low-complexity devices to highly complex and advanced devices. As more and more things get connected, various services that utilize the connection capabilities of things will appear: smart energy distribution grid system, agriculture, healthcare, vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-road infrastructure communication. At least one hundred thousand simultaneous active connections per square kilometre, which will be mostly coming true by the deployment of those massive MTC (machine type communications) devices, shall be supported in an IMT-2020 network. Consistent end-to-end user experience should also be provided even in the presence of that large number of concurrent connections. Gap A.4: Signalling complexity in massive MTC. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report.
The new applications with very low latency and real-time constraints are expected to be prevalent in IMT-2020 networks: driverless cars, enhanced mobile cloud services, real-time traffic control optimization, emergency and disaster response, smart grid, e-health, augmented reality, remote tactile control, and tele-protection are some of the examples. Gap A.5: Increasing service availability. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report. Gap A.6: Signalling to reduce end-to-end complexity. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report. Gap A.7: End-to-end network latency model. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report.
An IMT-2020 network, as an integrated common core network, will be flexible enough to support extremely variety of requirements in user devices and application services. Therefore, the IMT-202 network is envisioned as a network where multiple logical network instances tailored to various requirements can be created. As a basic feature to realize this, the separation of control and data planes in IMT-2020 network is needed, which enables the components of an IMT-2020 network to be reconfigured, upgraded or even replaced easily with those of other vendors. NFV is expected to do a significant role in making the IMT-2020 network more flexible by realizing network components as software components. We should note that the reality would not allow all the required network functions to be softwarized mainly because of the performance reason. The openness given by the separation of control and data planes also makes the network programmable by controlling/steering traffic depending on user specific requirements and some use-cases. Gap A.8: Mobile network optimized softwarization architecture. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report. Gap A.9: Data plane programmability. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report.
IMT-2020 network should provide consistent user experience and differentiated services in various aspects such as throughput, latency, resilience and costs per bit depending on service level agreement (SLA) of a user or its application. Gap A.10: End-to-end QoS framework. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report. IMT-2020 networks should meet all the other requirements and challenges in energy efficient manners. An IMT-2020 network should support up to 100 times better energy efficiency than IMT-Advanced in spite of 1000 times traffic increase without sacrificing the other performance targets. In reality, however, appropriate trade-off will be allowed between the energy efficiency and other performance requirements depending on the characteristics of user devices or applications. Gap A.11: Energy efficiency. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report.
IMT-2020 networks should provide robust and secure solutions for mission-critical applications such as smart girds, telemedicine, public safety, etc. to counter the threats to security and privacy brought by new radio technologies, new services and new deployment cases. Gap A.12: Enhancement of privacy and security. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report. Gap A.13: Enhancement identity management. See Clause 7.1.1 of the main body of this report.
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