International telecommunication union
Solutions for Mobile Backhaul
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- Network timing and synchronization in MBH
- Energy saving methods in MBH
- Joint radio transport optimization
- 9.4 Adjusting transport to follow traffic fluctuations
- Appendix V
- 1 Scope
- 2 References
Solutions for Mobile BackhaulA backhaul network is fundamentally a simple packet-based data aggregation network. In the conventional design of backhaul networks, the transport layer can be any number of packet transport technologies, including Ethernet, WDM, OTN, PON, and wireless. All of the established methods for management and control of such networks would continue to apply here, and there are few gaps foreseen for MBH. The following sections highlight a few open areas where issues still exist.
The MBH network must often provide a very accurate frequency and time reference signal. Fortunately, there are several methods that have been developed to support this, most salient being the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol, and synchronous Ethernet. These methods can provide time and frequency to a usable level of accuracy, and are in use today. What is missing is the allocation of the overall timing budget over the network as a whole. The MBH network is only one link in a much larger network. The IMT-2020 network has some overall limits for timing performance, but it is not clear how much of these limits can be allocated to the backhaul portion of the network.
As outlined in section 7.5, the power consumption of wireless networks will grow alarmingly if measures are not taken to reduce them. In the case of backhaul transport, the most direct way to reduce power consumption is with component technology improvements. Beyond that, the system can take advantage of the fluctuations in backhaul utilization to save energy. This can be done in several ways, as illustrated below. 
There is a case in which the terminal does not exist in the cell, since the area of the cell is reduced. Therefore, always driving the cell is a waste of power. Thus, the guess function of the mobile and sleep control are required. Gap D.9.2.1: Coordination of power saving across MFH/MBH/Radio System. See Clause 7.4.1 of the main body of this report. 9.4 Adjusting transport to follow traffic fluctuationsFigure A.11 shows fluctuations of mobile communication traffic by time of day. Actual traffic greatly varies depending on the hour of day, with about 4 times difference between the max and minimum according to the current statistics. Therefore, if operating at the max transmission rate all the time, power ends up being wastefully consumed. By varying the number of operating transport channels according to traffic capacity, power consumption can be reduced. In the case shown below, perhaps about 40% of the transport power consumption can be saved on average. 
Gap D.9.2.2: Power saving by resource optimization (See clause 7.4.1 of the main body of this report.) Appendix VEmerging Network TechnologiesEditor’s Note: Appendix V was produced during the FG-IMT 2020 focus group in order to investigate gaps in standardization related to IMT-2020. While the request from SG-13 was to deliver a report outlining standardization gaps, the consensus of the focus group was that the working documents produced and used during the focus group work contained useful information for future work and should be captured. Note, however, the focus group concentrated on producing accurate descriptions of the standardization gaps in the main body of this document; some minor errors may exist in the appendices. They are, however, the output of the focus group but are provided for information only. Editor’s Note: This appendix uses clause references in a form usually associated for normative text. This is maintained for this report to align with references made in the main body of this report. Draft deliverable of ICN for IMT-2020 Networks Working Group 1 ScopeThis report explores the technology area Information Centric Networking (ICN) in the context of its use in the IMT-2020 network and its potential for assuring that the IMT-2020 network meets its visionary goals. The purpose of this paper is to identify the gaps related to ICN as an emerging technology to guide the future studies by ITU-T Study Group 13. 2 ReferencesThe following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. [ITU-T Y.3011] Recommendation ITU-T Y.3011 (2012), Framework of network virtualization for future networks. [ITU-T Y.3012] Recommendation ITU-T Y.3012 (2014), Requirements of network virtualization for future networks.
The following ITU-R Draft Recommendations describes the to-date architecture of the trasnport network of an IMT, including the radio network, the functions within a basestation, and between different base stations and the mobile infrastructure. [ITU-R M.IMT.ARCH] Working Party 5D (25 June 2015), Architecture and topology of IMT networks
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