Internship report
Download 486.5 Kb.
|
int report
- Navigate this page:
- TYPES AND METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS
- Weight (Ton) = Length x Weight / 2,000
THE RULES TO BE FOLLOWED IN RECORDING MEASUREMENT BOOKThe measurement should be recorded by the engineer in charge to whom the measurement book has been issued. The measurement of work should be taken accurately and recorded neatly for different items in respective columns. Measurement should be recorded neatly and directly, in the measurement book at the site of work. For materials supply, quantities received are measured by weighing or counting and recorded in the measurement book. All measurements should be taken using the steel or metallic tape and entered in ink directly in the measurement book. •Copying the measurement book from the note book should be strictly avoided. Erasing or re-entering are not allowed, the mistakes should be crossed out and correct entry done should be attested by dated initials of Engineer who has taken the measurement. When any measurement is cancelled, then cancellation should be attested by dated initials of officer and reason for cancellation should be mentioned. All the measurements should be done continuously without leaving any blank page. If blank page is left out by mistake that should be cancelled by drawing and diagonal lines attested with dated initials. The person recorded the measurement shall put his signature at the end of the measurement book certifying measured by me. Each measured book should be provided with an index and kept up-to-date. COMMON IRREGULARITIES IN WRITING MEASUREMENT BOOK.Agreement number is not written on the top of the measurements. Tempering of original entries by erasures and over writings. Entries in the measurement book interpolated and corrected and the amount of the bill is also changed after the original preparation of the bill. Blank spaces are left at the bottom of the pages and in between the lines of the measurement. Entries in the measurement book are not recorded at the site of work, but copied from some other record. Entries originally are made in pencil and inked over afterwards. * Full particulars of work are not given and the name of the work does not tally with the sub-divisional, officer's pay order or the clerk's Payments are made without the sub-divisional, officer's pay order or the clerkscertificate of check. Percentage of checks by senior officers is inadequate. Correction are not attested. Voucher number and date not indicated after making the payment. Index of the measurement book is not up-to-date. TYPES AND METHODS OF MEASUREMENTSStructural steel buildings, in particular medical office buildings have a somewhat standard design concept that must be developed by the engineers. Column spacing must be developed, and in conjunction with the floor - floor height, the engineer must develop steel members that will support and carry the buildings anticipated loads. By understanding the loads for different building types, the estimator can begin to develop a confident and reliable estimate at the design development stage of design. The level of detail available depends on the design team and the submittal, however typically by this point the columns and grid will be laid out, with initial beam and column si7.es being determined. The floor - floor heights will also be as this point, so obtaining accurate quantities should be expected. The estimator can now determine quantities of different beams and columns types, such as wide flange (W) beams and columns, tube steel (HSS) beams and columns, angles (L), channels (C), and other miscellaneous types used in a variety of situations. A typical wide Uange beam or column will be referenced by its nominal height in inches, as well as the weight per linear foot. For example, a W21x44 denotes at beam that is nominally 21 inches high and weighs 44 pounds per linear foot. Standard tables, such as those found in the AISC Manual of Steel Construction, are used to determine weight per linear foot for other miscellaneous shapes such as angles (L) and tube steel (HSS). Steel floor and roof decking is measured in square footage, using either traditional manual take off methods, or using an electronic plan digitizer such as On-Screen take off. An allowance is typically made for miscellaneous connections and undefined steel members that can be reasonable be assumed at this stage of design. Structural steel is taken off in pounds and typically priced in tons. The ratio analysis workups are easier undertaken and scrutinized in pounds. The formula and conversions for take offs are: Weight (Ton) = Length x Weight / 2,000Length = Length of Beam, Column, Misc, Steel Member Weight = Weight of Beam, Column, Misc, Steel member per Linear Foot2,000 = Conversion factor of pounds to Tons Floor and Roof Decking Area* = Length x Width Length = Length Dimension of Building Width = Width Dimension of Building Typically by design development, the plans and details will be developed enough to show the layout of structural columns and major beams/girders, and most items should show member sizes. There may or may not be secondary fanning shown, and if so I may or may not have sizes shown. The design at this point will probably not have all framed openings, mechanical support framing, moment connections or other special considerations developed as of yet. This is ok, as the estimator will use rules of thumb and historical data to till in these gaps to produce their estimate. All steel members known will be quantified by total linear footage based on the plans and column schedules (if available). SPECIAL FACTORS TO CONSIDER THAT MAY AFFECT TAKE-OFF- AND PRICING:Download 486.5 Kb. Share with your friends:
|