Introduction A. Purpose & Authority
B. Vulnerability Analysis
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- C. Impact Analysis Likelihood of Occurrence
- Highly Likely
- Possible
- Hazard Magnitude Likelihood of
- Vulnerability Assessment A. Land Use Vulnerability
- Land use Parcels Acres
- Total 33,743 39,323
B. Vulnerability Analysis Natural hazards pose problems to humans when human activity gets in the way of the impacts that occur as a matter of course during and after a hazard. Vulnerability to a natural hazard can be defined as the extent to which people experience harm and property damage from a hazard. Hazards may result in loss of life or injury to people and livestock; loss or damage to homes, businesses, and industries; loss or damage to automobiles, furnishings, records and documents; damages or interruptions to power and telephone lines; damage or closing of roads, railroads, airports, and waterways; and general disruption of life. It is important to know where and to what extent the community is susceptible to the impacts of natural hazards. Vulnerability to natural hazards exists both at the present time and in the future. The present level of development and infrastructure generates a set of conditions that result in every area having some degree of vulnerability to natural hazards. That degree of vulnerability will change in the future as an area experiences an increase or decrease in development and whether the community implements or ignores hazard mitigation. Therefore, we can speak of both present vulnerability and future vulnerability. The previous section gave a description of each hazard, and identified its likelihood of occurrence and historical impacts. The City of Greenville is most vulnerable to riverine flooding and urban storm water flooding caused mostly by flash floods as they relate to other major hazard events, including severe thunderstorms, tropical storms and hurricanes. The entire jurisdiction is relatively flat with elevations at or below 25-feet above sea level. Greenville’s Flood Hazard areas, as identified by FEMA (100 and 500-year floodplains), are the primary locations for vulnerability to flooding being that the extents of most flood hazard events occur within these areas. Other hazards that are identified may affect Greenville’s entire jurisdiction due to its geographic location in the Coastal Plains Region of North Carolina, and within climate division 7 as identified by the National Climatic Data Center. The City of Greenville has a high vulnerability to tornadoes, mostly as they are caused by other tropical storm events, although they usually don’t cause much damage, or only cause damage at an F0 or F1 magnitude on the Fujita-Simpson Scale. An area’s vulnerability will change with time. For instance, if the current development patterns are projected into the future, it is possible to develop estimates of the population and the amount of development that will exist in an area at some future point. Future vulnerability will also be analyzed with this plan, and mitigation strategies assessed based on some key planning practices of the City of Greenville. C. Impact Analysis & Likelihood of Occurrence Certain natural hazards are considered more of a threat than others within the City of Greenville, which will be the focus of this analysis. The combination between a hazards impact and its likelihood of occurrence determine Greenville’s overall risk conclusion to the 8 natural disasters described by this plan. Hazard impacts are broken down as follows:
Some hazards are more likely to occur than others, but may have limited impacts. The likelihood of hazard occurrence is hypothetical, however due to Greenville’s history of severe weather, it is important to address what is predicted to occur. Hazard likelihood is broken down as follows:
Table 12 describes Greenville’s vulnerability by hazard in order to provide a profile of each hazard relative to the others. Table 12: Hazard Risk Index
Source: “Keeping Natural Hazards from becoming Disasters” published by NCDEM Each hazard has been identified as having a potential risk within the City of Greenville based on this table. The magnitude gives specific classifications of hazards based on their scales. Since flooding, hurricanes, and tornadoes have the greatest risk in Greenville and Pitt County, the risk was assessed based on more than one type of storm in terms of magnitude. These three storms are also the main focus of the plan. For example, a tropical storm has a higher risk than a category 1 or 2 hurricane, but has a limited impact. END OF SECTION Vulnerability Assessment A. Land Use Vulnerability A series of tables and maps are used to describe vulnerability within two locations based on occurrence patterns. The first is to describe vulnerability within the floodplain areas as identified by FEMA. Due to the fact that Greenville has recently experienced a significant flood that swelled as far as the 500-year flood limits, the floodway, 100-year and 500-year floodplains are all included in this analysis. The other set of maps describe vulnerability within Greenville’s jurisdiction limits, which includes both the City limits, and the extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ). Tables 13 and 14 describe Greenville’s land use composition within the entire jurisdiction and within the floodplain, and include the acreage, current tax value and building value. This data is approximately 85% accurate for 2010. Land use is broken down as follows:
Table 13: Greenville Land Use and Property Vulnerability by Total Jurisdiction
Table 14: Greenville Land Use and Property Vulnerability by Floodplain
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