Introduction to Literary Theories and Criticisms (Enla 422), 2011
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Anima - feminine aspect - the inner feminine part of the male personality or a man's image of a woman. Animus - male aspect - an inner masculine part of the female personality or a woman's image of a man. Archetype - (from Makaryk, 1993: 508): “a typical or recurring image, character, narrative design, theme, or other literary phenomenon that has been in literature from the beginning and regularly reappears". Note - Frye sees archetypes as recurring patterns in literature; in contrast, Jung views archetypes as primal, ancient images/experience that we have inherited. Collective Unconscious - "a set of primal memories common to the human race, existing below each person's conscious mind" (Jung) Persona - the image we present to the world Shadow - darker, sometimes hidden (deliberately or unconsciously), elements of a person's psyche. 2.3.1.2 New Historicism Barry (2002: 115-121) explains the term New Historicism and adherent scholars of it. He begins by saying that the term 'new historicism' was coined by the American critic Stephen Greenblatt whose book Renaissance Self-Fashioning: from Moore to Shakespeare (1980) is usually regarded as its beginning. However, similar tendencies can be identified in work by various critics published during the 1970s; a good example being J. W. Lever's The Tragedy of State: A Study of Jacobean Drama (published by Methuen in 1971, and reissued in 1987 with an introduction by Jonathan Dollimore). This brief and epoch-making book challenged conservative critical views about Jacobean theatre, and linked the plays much more closely with the political events of their era than previous critics had done. Barry also defines New Historicism as it is a method based on the parallel reading of literary and non-literary texts which are usually written at same historical period. That is to say, new historicism culminated giving priority to the literary texts and gave equal weight to literary and non-literary texts and interrogates each other. To Barry (2002), this 'equal weighting' is firstly suggested by the American critic Louis Montrose when he defines the term saying, “it as a combined interest in 'the textuality of history, the historicity of texts”. Greenblatt's, as cited in Barry (2002), new historicism involves, “an intensified willingness to read all of the textual traces of the past with the attention traditionally conferred only on literary texts.” Download 333 Kb. Share with your friends:
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