It was the site of a victorious battle by the Honvéd army units against the Habsburg forces. – B: 1064, 1031, T: 7456. Vác, Bishopric and Chapter of



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Vass, Lajos (Louis) (Poroszló, 5 April 1927 - Budapest, 6 November 1992) – Composer and choirmaster. He was a student at the Reformed Teachers’ College of Debrecen and, as such, he won a young composer’s competition; from 1946 he continued his studies in the Department of Composition and Chorus Art at the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest. From 1949 he worked as choir leader of the Honvéd (Army) Choir, as student of Zoltán Vásárhelyi; he became the leader of the Choir in 1953. The ensemble set out on a three-month tour of China during the fall of 1956. On their way back to Hungary, proceeding through Moscow, they were asked to present a concert there, but the choir and their leader Lajos Vass declined it because of the defeat of the 1956 Revolution. Early in 1957, the choir was disbanded and Vass was demoted. However, the Ensemble did not break up; it was able to continue under the name of State Male Choir (Állami Férfikar) through the help of the famous composer Zoltán Kodály, and other well-known personages; Vass remained its leader. In 1958, the Honvéd Army again took over the choir, but without Vass, who was rehabilitated only after 1990. From 1960 to 1964, he was in charge of the Male Choir “Steel Sound” of the Ganz-MÁVAG Works. Thereafter, until his death, he worked as the choirmaster of the Vasas Central Artist Ensemble, and from 1975, as the leading choirmaster in its Symphony Orchestra. From 1964, every month he went to Czechoslovakia to the Central Choir of the Hungarian Teachers’ Choir. He also relayed statewide programs on Hungarian Television as an organizer and program reporter. This activity helped to popularize folk music again in Hungary. Statewide “Peacock Groups” (Röpülj Páva Csoportok) were formed, which operate ever since. Vass took part in the launching of a number of these groups: he founded the folk music group in his birthplace, Poroszló. As a composer, he wrote oratorios, cantatas, children’s-operas, fairy plays, puppet plays, accompaniments of stage-works, and many choral works. Many of his works were published in music journals. As a popular figure, a number of organizations adopted his name for their titles, such as the Lajos Vass Choir, Chamber Choir and Symphony Orchestra of the Vasas Central Artist Ensemble, the Vass Choir of the Slovakian Hungarian Pedagogues, the Vass General School of Kispest, and also the Vass Folk Music Society. The Memorial volume of Lajos Vass (Vass Lajos Emlékezete), edited by Melinda Berlász was published in 1998. – B: 1868, T: 7456.→Kodály, Zoltán; Vásárhelyi, Zoltán.
Vass, Vince (Vincent) (1889 - Kecskemét, 4 June 1943) – Minister of the Reformed Church, theologian and writer. He completed his high school and theological studies in Pápa, and went to Genoa for further theological studies (1910-1912). He was appointed Secretary to the Bishop in Pápa (1913), acquired an honorary lecturer (privatdozent) qualification in Theology in 1916, and earned a Doctoral Degree in Philosophy in 1917. He became Professor of Theology at Pápa, in 1917. He served as Parish Minister at Enying in 1929, and at Kecskemét from 1936 to 1943. Some of his works are: The Sinlessness of Jesus (Jézus bűnnékülisége) (1913); Epistemology of Religious Knowledge (Vallási ismeretelmélet) (1915); Toward a Better Future (Jobb jövő felé) (1922); Calvinism of Jókai (Jókai kálvinizmusa) (1926), and The Worldview of Christianity, vols. i-ii (A keresztyénség világnézete, I-II) (1927-1928). – B: 0932, T: 7103.
Vassady, Béla (Arad, now in Romania, 30 December 1902 - Grand Rapids, MI., USA, 5 October 1992) – Minister of the Reformed Church, theologian and writer. He studied Theology in Hungary and in the USA. He received a B.D. degree from the Central Theological Seminary, Dayton, Ohio in 1924, and a Th.M. degree from the Princeton Theological Seminary in 1925. He obtained his lecturer’s qualification from the University of Debrecen in 1932. He further pursued his studies in Vienna, Berlin, Leipzig, Paris and London. He taught at the Reformed Theological Academies in Pápa, (1925-1927), Sárospatak (1927-1934), and Debrecen (1934-1945). In 1945, he moved to the United States and taught Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, NJ; the Fuller Seminary, Pasadena, California; Seminary of the University of Dubuque, Dubuque, Iowa, and the Lancaster Theological Seminary in Lancaster, PA. After his retirement in 1973, where he held the chair of Professor of Theology, he moved to Ann Arbor, MI, serving as a Theologian-in-Residence at the First Presbyterian Church. In 1979, he moved with his wife to Grand Rapids, MI, where he spent his remaining years writing, lecturing, and lending a helping hand wherever needed. Among his literary works the most important are The Major Traits of Calvin’s Theology (1952); Light Against Darkness (1961); Christ’s Church: Evangelical, Catholic and Reformed (1965); Limping along…Confession of a Pilgrim Theologian (1985), and the Hungarians in the New World: An Irregular History of the Hungarians of North America (Magyarok az Újvilágban: Az észak-amerikai magyarság rendhagyó története) (Budapest, 2000). He was also editor of the periodical Theology and Life. – B: 0906, T: 7617.
Vastagh György (George) (Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 18 September 1868 - Budapest, 3 July 1946) – Sculptor of animals. His first teacher was György (George) Zala. Almost 100 of his animal sculptures were included at the Paris World Exposition. Among these was the statue Herdsman (Csikós), now located within Buda Castle. The statue of the Transylvanian statesman, Prince Gábor (Gabriel) Bethlen, made in 1903, was placed in the Budapest Körönd Plaza. He sculpted several animal portraits and group-statues. He made animal studies for the Budapest Veterinarian College, and dog portraits for the Vienna Hunting Exhibition of 1911. He sculpted, together with his son, animal statues at the site of the Cairo Agricultural Museum in 1932. His equestrian statue of General Arthur Görgey was unveiled in 1936, but was damaged during the city’s siege in 1945, and melted down to cast the statue of Josef Stalin. His equestrian sculpture of Count András (Andrew) Hadik is at the Buda Castle. His animal sculptures are part of many European and American Museums and Agricultural Colleges. One noted accomplishment, the Hungarian Team of Six Grey Carriage Horses, is exhibited at London’s British Museum. His creations elicit lasting emotional experiences and represent a kind of breeding-history records. – B: 0883, 1020, T: 7675.→Zala, György; Görgey, Artur; Hadik, András; Bethlen, Prince Gábor.
Vasvár, Peace Treaty of – In 1663, the Turks attacked Habsburg-ruled Northern Hungary with a huge army. They did it because, by occupying this region, they would be able to successfully attack Vienna, the capital city of Austria. The Turks succeeded in occupying Érsekújvár (now Nové Zámky, Slovakia) first. At the beginning of 1664, the Imperial Army was victorious; but the Turks attacked again. However, the Imperial Army, led by Count Raimondo Montecuccoli, won an unexpected victory at Szentgotthárd (St. Gotthard). Actually, notwithstanding the command of Montecuccoli, the French Coligny and Count Ferenc (Francis) Nádasdy attacked and routed the Turks by the Rába River as they were building a bridge over it. However, Montecuccoli claimed it as his own victory. Following this event, a disgraceful peace agreement was made: the Peace of Vasvár, agreed on 10 August 1664 and, despite the victory of the Imperial Army, left all the Turks’ conquests in their hands. Thus Várad, Érsekújvár and four northern Hungarian counties remained under Turkish occupation. The Turkish and Imperial armies withdrew from Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania). The negotiating parties obligated themselves to inform each other of possible hostile plans of the Hungarians. Since, after the victory at Szentgotthard, the Hungarian public opinion expected an advantageous peace, the actual peace agreement caused a great outcry that eventually led to the Wesselényi-Conspiracy. – B: 1031, 1122, T: 7684.→Wesselényi Conspiracy; Nádasdy, Count Ferenc.
Vasvári, Pál (Paul) (originally Fehér) (Tiszabüd, 14 July 1826 - Havasnagyfalu, now Mărişel, Transylvania now in Romania, 5 July 1849) – Revolutionary, philosopher and historian. He began his secondary studies at the Piarist High School of Nagykároly (now Carei, Romania) in 1837; from 1843 he studied Philosophy at the University of Pest, also developing an interest in history. Under the influence of István (Stephen) Horvát, he turned completely to the study of history. In 1847 he became a teacher at the Special Educational School founded by Countess Blanka (Blanche) Teleki. Here his students, as well as his colleague, Klára (Clara) Leövey, fell under his revolutionary influence. He became one of the leading figures of the university youth, the Youthful Hungary Society, (Ifjú Magyarország Társaság), and the so-called Pilvax Circle. In March 1848, as the leader of university youth, he participated in the wording of the “12 points” (the wish of the people), and in the direction of the 15th March Movement. Vasvári spoke at the meetings of the university students, the workers of Pest, and the guild-boys. From 16 March, he was a member of the Revolutionary Public Peace Committee (Forradalmi Közcsend-Bizottmány). According to his revolutionary-democratic beliefs, he urged further development of the Revolution by organizing the March Club (Márciusi Klub). He worked as a secretary in Lajos (Louis) Kossuth’s Ministry of Finance. At the time of Jelašić’s military attack from Croatia, he also did courier service. He was one of the leaders of the popular rising in County Somogy in September 1848, becoming a Honvéd Second-Lieutenant. During 1849, he organized and led irregular troops in Counties Szabolcs, Szatmár and Bihar, in the name of the Revolution. He became the Commander as Major of the Rákóczi Irregulars. In July, in the fight against the Transylvanian Vlach (Romanian) insurgents, incited by Vienna, he was killed in action in the village of Marisel in the Gyalu Alps (County Kolozs), aged 23. He was regarded as the great promise of Hungarian historiography. His works include Historical Name-Register (1848). His works show that, in the development of his view of history, the thinkers of the French Enlightenment played an important role, but also Michelet and Cabet, and generally the Utopians, as evidenced by some of his studies, such as Michelet and the German Scientific System VIII-X (Michelet és a német tudományos rendszer, VIII–X) (1847-1848) and Guiding Principles of the First French Revolution (Irányeszmék az első franczia forradalomból). – T: 0883, T: 7456.→March 1848, 12 points; Horvát, István; Teleki, Contess Blanka; Leövey, Klára; Kossuth, Lajos.
Vasváry, Ödön (Edmund) (Szeged, 18 October 1888 - Washington, DC. USA, 12 July 1977) – Minister of the Reformed Church in the USA and writer. After completing his secondary school education in Szeged in 1907, he enrolled at the local Roman Catholic Seminary, where he was ordained a priest in 1911; but soon after, he converted to the Reformed faith for personal reasons, and was accepted as a minister by the Hungarian Reformed Church. In 1914, before the outbreak of World War I, the Church sent him to the United States to serve in Pittsburgh, PA. He also served in Buffalo, NY (1916-1919), Springdale (1919-1921), Pittsburgh, (1921-1926) and Cleveland, Ohio, West-Side (1926-1935). When, in 1935, the American Hungarian Reformed Association (Amerikai Református Egyesület) elected him Treasurer, he moved to Washington, DC, where he served in this capacity until his retirement in 1957. During his stay in Pittsburgh, in partnership with Albert Fiók, he founded the Hungarian paper, Hungarians (Magyarság), and started the Hungarian Room (Magyar Szoba) movement at the University. His published works include Flowers on the Road (Virág a kocsiúton) (1935) and Lincoln’s Hungarian Heroes (Lincoln magyar hősei) (1939). In 1935, the Hungarian paper, Reformed Newsletter (Reformátusok Lapja), began to serialize his unfinished novel, The Hero of Madagascar (Madagaszkár hőse). Ever since his arrival in the USA, he studied the history of the Hungarian settlers; he wrote a number of books, studies and articles on the subject over several decades. His post-World War II studies and articles appeared in the newspapers Freedom (Szabadság) in Cleveland; In Fraternity (Testvériségben); New Hungarian Way (Új Magyar Út), and American Hungarian Reformed Paper (Amerikai Magyar Reformátusok Lapja). He is the author of Hungarian America (Magyar Amerika), studies and articles compiled by György Gyurics (1988). He left his uniquely valuable collection, dealing with the history of American Hungarians, to the Somogyi Library of Szeged; this bequest arrived in Szeged in 1978; now it is the Vasváry Collection. For his many endeavors, he received several honors. In 1975, the American Hungarian Foundation bestowed on him the Abraham Lincoln Award. There is a Memorial Plaque on the wall of his birthplace. – B: 0906, 2106, T: 7617, 7456.
Vaszary, Gábor (Gabriel) (Budapest, 7 June 1897 - Lugano, 22 May 1985) – Writer and journalist, brother of János (John) and Piri Vaszary. Initially, he studied at the Academy of Applied Arts, Budapest, because he wanted to become a painter. From 1924 to 1932, he was an illustrator for French papers. Back in Budapest, he became a journalist. Between 1927 and 1943, he wrote some fifteen books, which made his name popular all over the country. Besides novels, he was the author of short stories and stage plays. He also worked as a stage manager and scriptwriter. In 1947 he emigrated to the West; from 1949 he lived in Germany. From May 1952 to January 1953 he was a correspondent for Radio Free Europe. Later he settled in Tessin, Switzerland. Several of his earlier successful books were republished by Hungarian firms, such as the Kárpát, Pannonia, Amerikai Magyar Kiadó. His older and more recent works also appeared in German and other languages, published by the Rowohlt Verlag. His works include Two Against Paris (Ketten Párizs ellen); Adieu, mon amour (Adieu, my love) novel (1950); Kuki, novel (1963); Die nächste Liebe, bitte (The next love, please) novel (1968); Man nannte Sie Céline (They call her Céline) novel (1975). – B: 1672, 1445, T: 7456.→Vaszary, János (2); Vaszary, Piri.
Vaszary, János (1) (John) (Kaposvár, 30 November 1867 - Budapest, 19 April 1938) – Painter. His masters included Bertalan (Bartholomew) Székely at the School of Decorative Art, Budapest. He continued his studies in Munich and at the Julian Academy in Paris, from 1899. In his art, the French Bastien-Lepage and Puvi de Chevannes, and later, Les Fauves, Matisse, Dufy and Van Dongen were influential. In 1905 he went on a study-trip to Italy, Spain and France. In style, he moved from secessionism to impressionism. During World War I, he created realist pictures of soldiers. In 1920 he became a professor at the Academy of Applied Arts, Budapest. He made a lasting impression upon the younger generation of painters. As a teacher of art, he supported Avant-garde trends. He was a leading master of the New Society of Applied Artists (Képzőművészek Új Társasága – KUT). He was the founder of the Society of New Artists (Új Művészek Egyesülete – UME). Vaszary’s main themes were rural life and portrait painting. His paintings include Youthful Self-portrait (Fiatalkori önarckép) (1887); Portrait of a Lady (Női portré) (1895); Golden Age (Aranykor) (1898); Soldiers in the Snow (Katonák hóban) (1916); Awakening (Ébredés) (1921); Lights of a City (Városi világitás) (1930), and Gladioli (Gladioluszok) (1938). He made graphics, such as Spring (Tavasz) (1903); Synthetic Lines (Szintetikus vonalak) (1911); also tapestries, like the Engaged Couple (Jegyesek) (1905) and The Shepherd (A pásztor) (1906). His pictures are displayed in museums in Hungary and abroad. He was a recipient of prizes and awards, including the Society Prize (1898), the Small Golden State Medal (1902) and the Golden Prize in Genoa (1929). – B: 0872, 0934, 1031, T: 7103.→Székely, Bertalan.
Vaszary, János (2) (John) (Budapest, 10 January 1899 - Madrid, 20 November 1963) – Writer, brother of Gábor (Gabriel) and Piri Vaszary. At the age of 17 he voluntarily joined the army. After World War I, he began studying Law, but he gave it up and, in 1921, he went to Paris as a reporter for the paper, The Evening (Az Est). During his three years in the French capital, he learned theatrical managment. On returning to Budapest in 1924, he became Manager of the Comedy Theater (Vígszínház); in 1927 that of Hungarian Theater (Magyar Színház); he also wrote stage plays. Between 1931 and 1944, more than ten of his plays appeared on stage. Early in the 1940s, he became Director of the Andrássy Boulevard Theater (Andrássy úti Színház). He wrote a novel, a number of film scripts and directed films. Due to his political views, he was arrested in 1945, but escaped and, in June 1946, together with his wife, the actress Lili Muráti, he fled to the West. After a brief sojourn in Paris, they settled in Madrid in 1947. From 1949, he took part in the Hungarian program of Radio Madrid. His works include Knocking on the Door (Zörgetik az ajtót) diary (1950, 1959, in Spanish 1950), The Cat Jumped Up On the Table (A macska felugrott az asztalra) novel (Buenos Aires, 1950, 1951), and Adventure with a Redhead Girl (Kaland a vörös hajú lánnyal), novel (Budapest 1990). – B: 1672, 1445, T: 7456.→Muráti, Lili; Ilosvay Varga, István; Vaszary, Gábor; Vaszary, Piri.
Vaszary, Kolos (Keszthely, 12 February 1832 - Balatonfüred, 3 September 1915) – Archbishop, Cardinal, Prince-Primate, orator and historian. From 1847, he was a Benedictine monk, and was ordained in 1855. He worked as a teacher in Komárom, Pápa and Esztergom. From 1869 he was Principal at the high school in Győr, and was in charge of the monastery. From 1885 he was Archabbot at Pannonhalma. He founded several religious institutions. Vaszary was Archbishop and Prince-primate in Esztergom from 1891, and Cardinal from 1893. He is known for developing Catholic political structures. He organized the Archbishopric in Budapest. He retired in 1912, and dedicated himself primarily to his historical studies. He was a member of the Board of Directors for the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His main works include The Battle of Várna (A várnai csata) (1864); Data for the History of the 1825 Session of Parliament. (Adatok az 1825-i országgyûlés történetéhez) (1883); The Betrayal of Ulászló I... and the Peril of Várna (I. Ulászló... esküszegése és a várnai veszedelem) (1884); Data for the History of the 1830 Session of Parliament (Adatok az 1830-i országgyűlés történetéhez) (1885), and Speeches by Vaszary Kolos (Vaszary Kolos beszédei) (1909). – B: 0883, T: 7667.
Vaszary, Piri (Piroska) (Budapest, 19 May 1904 - Palma de Mallorca, Spain, 2 October 1965) – Actress, sister of Gábor and János Vaszary. She completed the Drama School of Szidi Rákosi, and began her career in Újpest (a suburb of Budapest) in 1920-1921. The Inner City Theater (Belvárosi Színház), Budapest made a contract with her in 1921, while, during the years following 1922, she played in practically all the theaters in Budapest. Towards the end of 1944, she emigrated from Hungary; from 1948 to 1954 she appeared on the stage of the Hungarian Theatrical Company in Argentina, which also took her to Venezuela in 1959. She played primarily in comic roles, showing great originality, but she was successfully lifelike also in playing the roles of old women and young boys. She achieved popularity in cabaret ditties as well, and she appeared in numerous films. Her roles include Sarlotta Ivanovna in Chekhov’s Cherry Oorchard (Cseresznyéskert); Viola in F. Molnár’s The Glass Slipper (Üvegcipő); Archer Michael in Zs. Móricz’s Be Good unto Death (Légy jó mindhalálig); Mrs. Szabó in J. Vaszary’s The World is just One Day (Egy nap a világ), and Mrs. Gál in M. Kerecsendi Kis’ The First (Az első). There are more than 95 feature films to her credit including St.Peter’s Umbrella (Szent Péter esernyője) (1935); A férfi mind őrült (All Men are Crazy) (1937); Home Bound (Hazafelé) (1940); The Perfect Family (A tökéletes család) (1942); The Music Mill (A zenélő malom) (1943); Orient Express (1943), and The African Groom (Afrikai vőlegény) (1944). – B: 1445, 1031, T: 7456.→Vaszary, Gábor; Vaszary, János (2).

Vászolyi, Erik (Eric Vasse, Eric G. Vászolyi) (Budapest, 24 March 1933 - ) – Linguist. He obtained his B.Sc. Degree majoring in Finno-Ugrian Linguistics from the University of Budapest in 1956. He received his Ph.D. in 1968. He also studied Hungarian Ancient History and the Ethnology of Finno-Ugrian Ethnic Groups. In 1965 he studied in Helsinki and, in 1959, 1960 and 1966, he undertook research in the land of the Zyryans (Zürjénföld), and collected considerable linguistic, dialectal and ethnographic material. In 1968, as a protest against the invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Warsaw Pact countries, he emigrated to Great Britain. In the same year, Vászolyi was invited by the University of Cambridge to work on a scientific research scholarship at the Scott Polar Research Institute, also lecturing on Finnish and Hungarian at the Universities of Cambridge and Norwich. In 1970 he settled in Perth, Australia, and the University of Western Australia commissioned him to survey the various aboriginal languages of that State, and initiate their systematic study. In the course of this work, he became a recognized expert of the aboriginal languages. He constructed alphabets for a number of native languages, thus raising their speakers on the educational level of writing and reading. He also takes part in the training of native teachers. In 1988-1989, he was Guest Professor at two Chinese Universities and, from January 1991, he was a professor at the University of Perth until his retirement in 1995. He was Chief Adviser for the Australian Ministry for Aborigines. His papers appeared in Hungarian in the journal New Horizon (Új Látóhatár). In his translation, a collection of Zyryan (Komi, in Russia) folk tales and legends appeared in Budapest in 1964. In 1968, his Anthology of Finnish Short Stories was published. His works include Aboriginal Australians Speak: An Introduction to Australian Aboriginal Linguistics (Perth, 1976); Features of Serbo-Croatian for Language Teachers (1977); Teach Yourself Wangkatja: An Introduction to the Western Desert Language (Cundelee Dialect), textbook (Perth 1979), and Ausztrália bennszülött nyelvei (The Aboriginal Languages of Australia) (Budapest, 2003). – B: 1073, 1672, 1752, T: 7683, 7456.→Gallus, Sándor; Roheim, Géza.
Vaszy, Viktor (Budapest, 25 July 1903 - Szeged, 12 March 1979) – Composer, conductor and music director. He studied at the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music, Budapest, from 1919 until 1927. Zoltán Kodály was one of his professors. Vaszy was conductor of the Capital City Orchestra from 1925, of the Budapest University Choir between 1929 and 1941, and of the Palestrina Choir of Budapest from 1935 until 1941. He taught at the Academy of Music from 1929 until 1941. Among numerous positions, he led the opera ensemble of the National Theater of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) from 1941 until 1944; he was Director of the National Theater of Szeged from 1957 until 1969, and he was leading conductor of the Szeged Symphony Orchestra from 1967 until 1975. He conducted several premiere performances of Béla Bartók's works in Hungary. He received numerous honors for staging both old and new operas not previously performed in Hungary. He was also an accomplished composer. His main works are Two Suites for Grand Orchestra (Két szvit nagyzenekarra); Romatic Overture (Romantikus nyitány); Rhapsody for Cello and Orchestra (Rapszódia gordonkára és nagyzenekarra); Hungarian Dances (Magyar táncok); Christmas Cantata (Karácsony kantáta), and Shakespeare Madrigals (Shakespeare-madrigálok). He was a recipient of the Merited Artist (1960), and the Outstanding Artist titles (1972). – B: 0883, 1445, T: 7667.→Bartók, Béla; Kodály, Zoltán.

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