John Marshall High School Rochester, mn
Part of the body that cools faster due to the greatest skin area per volume is _______?
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| Part of the body that cools faster due to the greatest skin area per volume is _______?
Head b. Hand c. Foot d. Torso Wind chill temperature at 35 degrees Fahrenheit with a 40 MPH wind is about what? 10 degrees b. 0 degrees c. -10 degrees d. -30 degrees In cross country activity of any type keep eyes on check point how far away? 100ft. b. 100yds. c. Maximum Range d. 1000yds. Besides “wicking off” feet moisture, woolen socks prevent frostbite maintaining what? Air Pockets b. Fabric Pressure c. Sterility d. Cold Immersion in water of 35 degrees is usually fatal in about how many minutes? 10 b. 40 c. 70 d. 100 Wet clothing extracts body heat about how many times as fast as dry clothing? 5 b. 50 c. 250 d. 1250 Before placing a Hypothermia victim in a dry sleeping bag, it should be? Cleaned b. Warmed c. Oriented d. Unzipped Primary function of clothing is to prevent heat loss by what process? Respiration b. Radiation c. Conduction d. Evaporation Smoking increases chances of frostbite; it ____ blood flow to skin areas Increases b. Decreases c. Warms d. Maintains A bare head and neck loses about what percent of body heat? 16 b. 36 c. 66 d. 90 Head and Neck heat loss is due to the thick supply of _____ in the area? Bone b. Hair c. Skin d. Blood Best way to prevent over-exertion outdoors is to stay in ______? Warm Bed b. Physical Condition c. The Car d. The Hospital Working or playing hard in cold weather requires you to increase what consumption? Alcohol b. Fats c. Carbon Dioxide d. Protein Alcohol is hazardous to use in cold weather because it hastens ______ loss Home b. Heat c. Loved one d. Homing A snowmobiler lost in a blizzard would be safer in a ________ Crevasse b. Snow bank c. Tree d. Forest A hypothermia victim usually has what symptom when his temperature falls below 78O? Forgetfulness b. Uncontrollable shivering c. Cardiac arrest d. Cold toes Generally females are physically better to survive then males because of their subcutaneous… Muscle b. Blood c. Hair d. Fat Mental incompetency becomes apparent at about what body temperature? 98.0 b. 92.0 c. 85.0 d. 78.0 Best overall survival device for winter would be… Knife b. Rope c. Compass d. Candle What percentage of ingested food is converted into body heat? 10 b. 20 c. 50 d. 70 As you climb higher into the mountains, your heat producing mechanisms decline due to a decrease in... Temperature b. Altitude c. Oxygen d. Precipitation At a body temperature of 90o a hypothermic person begins to stumble do to muscle… Relaxation b. Coordination c. Contraction d. Rigidity If you freeze these in the field walk leave them alone and walk out to get help for repeated freezing and thawing causes more harm than good. Boots b. Ice c. Ground d. Feet The type of muscle that controls arteriole flow of blood to the skin… Smooth b. Cardiac c. Relaxed d. Voluntary Cold liquids will ____ body heat by conduction. Add b. Rob c. Multiply d. Enzymine At 25 degrees, instant frostbit can be caused by touching gasoline supercool earlier and then buried in. Water b. Autos c. Snow d. Homes Don’t sleep with mouth or nose inside sleeping bag, the inside will become ______? Smelly b. Damp c. Shrunken d. Sticky Several ______ of light clothing is generally superior to one heave jacket Colors b. Weaves c. Layers d. Qualities The _____ to survive is frequently lost as our temperature drops. Will b. Ability c. Energy d. All of These A sleeping well-rested body will _______ when body temperature becomes uncomfortable Pass out b. Roll Over c. Awaken d. Metabolize Our artificial environment living has _____ our survival know-how Reduced b. Increased c. Stabilized d. All of These A hypothermia situation may be averted by muscular contractions called ______ without moving the body. Glycaemia b. Expanding c. Isometrics d. Hypertensions Best way to receive hypothermia victims is immersion in hot water, not over ____ degrees. 70 b. 98 c. 110 d. 180 Tight fitting clothes might increase circulation in other, but decreases it in the wearer. Besides they destroy ____ value that loose clothing provides. Nutritive b. Social c. Mechanical d. Insulating First rule in all emergency is to remain ______ Excited b. Calm c. Cold d. Warm Facial skin is infrequently frostbitten due to _______. Many Whiskers b. Higher Vascular c. Easily Rubbed d. Always Covered In cold weather sleeping, most heat is lost from the body downward Compressed Insulation b. Oppressed Sleeper c. Radiation d. Convection A heavily clothes snowmobiler with knee boots finds himself immersed in deep water, he should Remove boots b. Remove all Clothing c. Unzip and swim out of water d. Swim fully clothed Large number of weekend deaths from strenuous outdoor activities is due to ______ Overheating b. Sedentary Living c. Poor Physical Condition d. All the Above Wind chill effect on people in analogous to reducing the heat of hot chocolate by blowing on it. This demonstrates heat loss by _____ Radiation b. Conduction c. Convection d. Evaporation At negative 30 degrees the first action to after emerging from a fully clothed ice bath is to _____ Run Rapidly b. Build a Fire c. Remove Clothes d. Roll in Snow A normal winter 2200 calorie diet should be ___ for activities such as mountaineering, cross country, skiing, or hunting. Halved b. Not Changed c. Tripled d. Quintupled Loss of heart from the radial artery can be reduced with Thicker Mitten b. Red Gloves c. Wrist Covering d. All of These If feet have been cold and painful and suddenly begin “feeling good” it may be that they are ___ Freezing b. Bruising c. Warming d. Thawing E.A. #28.1 Winter Camping- Self Test When sleeping outside in the winter your greatest concern for keeping wamr is to: Have an oversized down bag good to 50 below Wear extra layers of clothing to bed Insulate below your sleeping bag to conserve heat loss Always use a space heater or stove In preparation for bed you should: Sleep in clothes you have on Put on an extra layer of clothing Change into new clothes for sleeping Sleep in the nude or nearly so Down bags should be fluffed a couple times prior to getting in. This ______ Re-distributes the down Gets rid of any sneaky mice Provides for maximum loft and insulated value Airs the bag out from the previous night’s onion soup If your feet are getting cold: Move around to restore circulation Put on your hat Break out your emergency flask of Brandy Add additional layers of socks inside your boots Drink some warm fluids Fishnet underwear is preferred because______ It makes neat and waffle like designs on your back Helps to keep you dry Effectively traps warm air next to your body It gives your skin a chance to breathe Wool is often preferred over cotton because It insulates even when wet Acts as a more superior wind breaker Traps air more effectively Does not get as clammy In food preparation: One pot meals are preferred Fried foods like bacon, pancakes, hash browns, are a must Dinner should be a relaxing meal after the hard day, usually about 8:30 P.M. Dehydrated foods are the best Prepare as much as possible in advance at home Fires are BEST STARTED by: Book matches Lighter Stick matches Firewater Fire starter like cardboard and paraffin Small candle QUICK ENERGY can be obtained from: Drinking a plain cup of strong tea or coffee Eating some chocolate Chewing on some meat or nuts Munching on fruit cake, brownies, date bars, etc Mixing up some snowshoe grog HYPOTHERMIA means: Being too hot when skiing Death from exposure A student gets hyper with your class and has to see the school nurse Death from cold and exhaustion Something to do with a nervous disorder MOST hypothermia cases develop in air temperature of : Sub zero Zero at 30 degrees Right on the freezing mark 30-50 degrees 50-65 degrees As a hypothermia victim You are losing body heart faster than it can be produced You will lose control of your hands Cold on your brain deprives you of judgment Your internal body temp is slowly but surely decreasing Without treatment you will go into a stupor, collapse and die Major cause of hypothermia Getting wet. Exposure to the wind. Lack of food. Inability to diagnose weather and changing conditions. You can detect hypothermia by the symptoms of Uncontrollable shivering Vague slow slurred speech Memory lapses, incoherence. Immobile fumbling hands Frequent stumbling Drowsiness Apparent exhaustion – inability to get up after a rest Rank in order of ease in providing water, 1 being easiest. Melt from snow Obtain from an open stream Melt from ice Cut a hole in the ice of a lake Carry your water needs with you in plastic containers In selecting menu items, you should make a priority Lots of sugary items Avoid high calorie fatty foods Lots of hot liquids Foods like meats and fruit Alcoholic beverages EA #31.0 “Finding Your Way in the Wild:” Maps What do longitude lines represent? Where would you find longitude hatch marks and numbers on a topographic map? What meridian lines connect? What do latitude lines represent? Where do you find latitude hatch marks and numbers on a topographic map? What is the name given to the line drawn when you connect latitude hatch marks? What reference line are the latitude lines parallel with? What direction do longitude lines run? What direction do latitude lines run? What map features do the following colors represent: Black Blue Green Brown Why would you specify a “Woodland Copy” when ordering a topographic map? What do contour lines represent? Why is every fifth contour line darker than the rest? What is the name given to these darker contour lines? What information do the numbers on the index lines give to you? What is meant by the term “contour interval”? What type of terrain is represented when contour lines are far apart? Close together? Where would you look on a map to determine a contour interval? Look at the outline of the land form and determine which contour map represents the outline: A B C D E F When viewing a topographic map and the writing is right-side up, what direction is each of the following: The top of the page The bottom of the page The left of the page The right of the page About how far is one double step on level ground? 1000 double steps? 250? Who produces topographic maps? Where would you write to get a topographic map index circular? What is the cost? Where would you write to get a topographic map for anyplace within the USA? Compasses What are compasses made of? What are the three main parts of a compass? What color is the end of the compass needle that points north? What are the three steps to establishing a field bearing? List the steps of walking a bearing. Is the Magnetic North Pole located at the Geographic North Pole? Where is the Magnetic North Pole located now? What is a declination? How would you correct for an east declination? What could you do to your map to eliminate a declination? Map and Compasses How do you plot a course on a map? What should you do to help prevent getting lost? What are some “nature guides” you could use to help orient yourself if you were to lose EA #32.0 Voyage of Navigation Video WS What does the trained eye of an experienced mariner use to point the way across the ocean? How did Pacific Mariners find land? How did the Vikings use their hands to navigate? What is latitude sailing? What did Prince Henry the Navigator found? How is an astrolabe used? What star is used as a compass at night? Why didn’t the Europeans use magnetic compasses? What is a Portal Log? How far off was Columbus on his calculation of the distance between the Canary Islands and Japan? How are clocks used to navigate? What is dead reckoning and what is a 28 second glass? Why did maritime navigators run their ships into shorelines when following latitudes? How is the progression of the technology of clocks similar to computers? What is the H-4? Who is used to represent Captain Cook in our modern culture? How was radar originally used? What does the Loran system used to find your position? How did the submarine the Nautilus demonstrate its Inertial Navigation System? How does a GPS locate your position on Earth? your map and compass? EA #33.0 Legal Land Descriptions In this activity we will be gaining an understanding of how to determine our position on any patch of ground. To gain this knowledge we will first do a web search on Legal Land Descriptions. To differentiate between you and your neighbor’s property very accurate descriptions of the boundaries of your land must be made. As you will see in this activity the descriptions were made based on land marks such as streams, trees and fences. However all of these do not keep their positions for ever or for even your lifetime. Also people can get confused as you will see in these Metes and Bounds descriptions and legally if you build and improve on land that is not your own after a period of time it becomes yours. So that is why the seemingly overly legal descriptions are now made. To complete these activities go to the following web site, and answer the questions below. http://www.outfitters.com/genealogy/land/twprange.html What part of the United States uses the Indiscriminate Metes and Bounds system of surveying land? Left click on the underlined highlighted terms Indiscriminate Metes and Bounds. How long is one rod? How many rods to a mile? How are directions given in this Metes and Bounds system? Give an example. Try to draw a boundary map of the plot of land that is described in Mercer County, Kentucky. After you try, click on Map of Corresponding Tract of Land and see how your interpretation of the description matches with the actual tract. Go back to the Legal Description in Township and Range page and Define the following terms: Section, township, range, township lines, range lines, principal meridian, and base line. Now click on Graphical Display and sketch the diagram representing the locations of townships to Principal Meridians, base lines, range lines and township lines. On your diagram make sure you show how the townships are numbered. How many sections are there to a township? How many acres to a section? Draw a diagram of how sections are numbered in a township. Draw a diagram of how a section is divided up. How many acres are there to a ¼ of a ¼ of a section? How do you describe a subdivision of a section? Go back to the previous page and click on A Detailed Example of Finding a Land Tract. Read through the description and draw a diagram of where the section is in the township and the parcel of land is in the section. EA #33.5 Legal Land Descriptions The grid below represents the way land is divided up today. This represents the Township/Range system of legal land descriptions. Land is divided within a County into Townships that are 6 miles on a side forming a grid with36 squares miles of land. Each square mile of land is referred to as a section and each section is divided into fractional sections or parcels for sale, a ¼ section is 160 acres. To reference which section you are dealing with in a township the sections are numbered, they are numbered 1 through 36 starting in the upper right hand corner with number one. The numbering works across the top to six in the upper left corner. You then drop down to the square below six and start with seven and work across to the right to the twelfth section. Next drop down below section twelve and start with thirteen and number to the left. Label the sections below in the method described and continue until section thirty-six is in the lower right corner.
Now we are going to indicate specific parcels of land within each section. Each section, which is 640 acres, is divided up into quarters. A northeast (NE), northwest (NW), southeast (SE) and southwest (SW) quarter section of 160 acres a piece. Each ¼ section can also be further divided into quarters, of 40 acres, in the same fashion, down to five or ten acre parcels. On the township above indicate by shading the following parcels of land and indicate the number of acres each represents. Eastern ½ of section 23. Northwest ¼ of the northwest ¼ of section 8. Southern ½ of the southeast ¼ of section 1. Northern ½ of the southwest ¼ of the southwest ¼ of section 15. Southeast ¼ of the southeast ¼ of the southeast ¼ of section 5. Measuring Land A land parcel is usually referred to in area by acres. The archaic definition of an acre is the amount of land a man with an ox could plow in a day. In measurement it is a furrow in length (660 ft) and a chain wide (66 ft). This area is about the same as a football field minus the end zones and ten more yards or the size of about 4 city lots. Land may be purchased in any shape of area, if the shape of the land parcel is not a parallelogram then the lot is described as irregular, however the area is still measured using acres. Measuring distances on land still maintains archaic units of measure. In the past measuring distances on land were done with easily carried measuring devices, such as chains, rods, feet or strides. Converting between units is easily done with the following definitions. 16.5 ft = 5.5 yds = 1 rod = 1 canoe length 1 stride = 5 ft 1 chain = 66 ft 80 chains = 1 mile 1 link = 8 inches 100 links = 1 chain 1 rod = 25 links 4 rods = 1 chain 320 rods = 1 mile
43,560 square feet = 1 acre 10 square chains = 1 acre 640 acres = 1 square mile Problems The average city lot is 70 ft wide and 135 ft long. How many acres is the average city lot? A farm field is 440 yds wide and 440 yds long. How many acres is this field? You stride off a piece of woods that you are thinking of building a house on. You step off 30 steps wide and 110 steps long. How many acres is the parcel of land? Your great grandpa says the old family farm was 16 chains wide and 24 chains long. How many acres was the farm? EA #34.0 Orienteering Compass Exercise 1: Identify the Parts of a Compass Directions: Write the correct term (defined below) noted by each number in the drawing next to the appropriate number. Terms: compass housing (vial): center part of the compass that is sealed; contains the magnetic needle in a liquid so it can move freely compass base (base plate): bottom of the compass; part you hold in your hand; shows direction-of-travel arrow and millimeter and inch scales for computing distances on a map direction of travel arrow: points the direction you need to travel after the bearing has been set magnetic needle: red and white needle; moves inside the compass housing; the red end of the needle always points north when at rest degree readings (bearings): the numbers on a compass; angular difference, measured in degrees, between any point and north; given either as a magnetic (compass) bearing or a true (map) bearing; a compass has 360O; 90 O = east, 180 O = south; 270 O = west.; 0 O or 360 O = north orienting lines: parallel lines inside or on the compass housing orienting arrow: stationary arrow inside the compass housing declination scale: used to determine the angle difference between true north (from your map reading) and magnetic north (reading from your compass) (Note: Declination must be added or subtracted to compass bearings.) base plate: to what everything is attached magnifier: use to see features and writing on maps scales: measure distance between features on map without converting 
EA #34.5 Determining Directions Without a Compass Finding your way without a compass, like building a fire without matches, is iffy at best and is best avoided. It is best when in unfamiliar country to have a full size compass, like a Brunton, within reach and a smaller back up compass attached to your coat zipper or pinned to your shirt where it cannot be lost. However, if you do not have a compass you can still accurately find your way. To start this activity watch the video on the following web site or find your own site, http://www.howcast.com/videos/22128-How-To-Tell-Directions-Without-a-Compass, and answer the following questions. Describe the shadow stick method for determining directions. What direction does the line formed by the two rocks point? What side of a slope will generally have the most snow? What side of an older tree has the thinner bark? What side of a tree has more foliage? Can you tell direction by which side moss is growing on the trunk of a tree? What direction does the sun set? Rise? How can you use a Crescent Moon to find the direction of South? How do you use the Big Dipper to find the North Star? How can you make sure you stay on course once you find your directions? Who discovered compasses? Now go to the following web site or find your own site, http://www.wikihow.com/Find-True-North-Without-a-Compass, and answer the following questions. Describe the alternate method to shadows to find your directions. If you point the hour hand of a watch at the sun what direction lies between the sun and the #12 on the watch? Sketch the position of the North Star relative to the Big Dipper and Cassiopeia. In the Tips section, what is remarkable about the North Star? In the Warnings section where is the Shadow-Tip method not recommended? Where on the Earth can you not use the North Star? EA #34.7 Night Time Navigation Set the Star and Planet Locator for March 1 at 10:00PM and answer the following questions. Find the Big Dipper (Ursa Major). Describe where it is located. Follow the line from the star Merak to Dubhe on the outer edge of the cup of the Big Dipper. This should point to the North Star. How is the North Star indicated on the chart? What is the real name of the North Star? What constellation is the North Star a part of? What two constellations are to the Northwest of the North Star? Do the constellations look like the objects for which they named or are they just names for areas in the sky? Where is Orion in the night sky? What pattern in the stars of the constellation Orion can be used to identify the constellation? What are the names of the two brightest stars in Orion? Change the time to 4:00 AM and answer the next questions. In what direction have the stars appeared to move? Find Ursa Major again, where is it in relationship to the North Star now? Do Merak and Dubhe still point to the North Star? Where is Orion located at this time? Why has it taken this position in the “sky”? Are there any months in the year when you will not be able to see the North Star? The Big Dipper? Orion? In what direction do the stars appear to rise? Set? Set the chart to March 1 at 10:00 PM again. What would your compass reading be (in degrees) if you took a bearing on the North Star? If you now took a bearing on Orion? Set the chart to March 1 at 1:00 AM and answer the remaining questions. What would be your bearing (degrees) to the North Star now? Orion? Lyra? Leo? Find the North Star. What constellation is to the North of it now? To its West? East? What is your compass bearing to Sagittarius? List some of the names of constellations you recognize in the Summer Sky. Winter Sky. EA #35.0 Determining Your Pace Length A useful method to determine distances while hiking is to count your steps. Usually, to simplify this method, hikers will count only half of their footfalls. So, all you have to count are your left foot falls. This is the method Roman soldiers used to measure how far they walked. One thousand left foot falls was the Roman word for thousand, a mile, and the distance a Roman soldier could walk in an hour was a league, or 3 miles. At the track, start at the start line (your teacher will show you where it is) for the 100 meter dash. Start with both feet on the start line and begin walking with your right foot. Count how many times your left foot falls to get to the finish line. Turn around and walk back and see that you get the same number. Measure and calculate: Number of footfalls in 100m. Number of feet in 100m is about 310 feet (1.0 m = 3.10 ft). Calculate number of feet per stride. 310 ft/#strides=feet per stride This is a handy measurement that you can use the rest of your life to get a rough idea of distances over the ground; size of your yard, size of your room, distance to the store, how far you walked into the woods… To test this handy measuring device walk around the track counting your left footfalls and calculate how many feet and then meters it is around the track. Compare this with a %error calculation to the accepted value of 400 meters for the distance around the track. EA #36 Orientation with a Topographic Map Obtain a Topographic Map from the teacher, be careful with the map; do not fold, write on or tear the map. Locate on the map the information referred to in the questions, if needed use the Topographic Map Symbol laminated pamphlet. What is the name of the organization that produced the map? What Quadrangle does this map represent? What English Unit Scale is used? Metric Unit Scale? What information can you get from the scale of the map? What is the declination for the area of the map? What does this information tell you about the area of the map? What year was the map produced? Do you think that any of the landforms or buildings/roads has changed since the map was drawn? What is the latitude and longitude in the area the map represents? What townships are incorporated into the map? What is the name of one of the small communities on the map? How many houses are in the community? How are schools represented on the topographic map? Is there a school on the map? What is the highest elevation on the map? Locate a river, follow its route downstream. How are the contour lines arranged relative to the river? Can you locate a railroad on the map, how do you determine if it is abandoned or not? What are the names of two interesting geological formations that you might want to visit in the area represented by the map? How can you determine if there is a steep hill represented on the map? Locate a hill, where is it located? What is the average elevation in the area of the map? How are dirt roads referred to on the map? Locate one, what areas are connected by the road? How is the road referred to (ex. Federal Highway 52)? How are forested areas referred to on the map, where on the map is a forested area? Do any of the roads follow section lines? Why would they be built on section lines? Observe the contour lines, how would you describe the terrain: bluff, severely slopped, rolling, level? Can you locate any cemeteries on the map? What symbols are used to represent a cemetery? Start at the lower left corner of the map traverse along the map at a 450 angle. List the first 10 identifiable landmarks that you would cross on your trek. EA #36.5 Whitewater Topographic Map Obtain a Whitewater topographic map and orientate the map so that the writing is right side up. Find the Lookout Tower in Section 10 of Elba Township. Set your compass to a bearing of 2430 and travel 4900 feet on the map. How many feet was it from the tower to the river? The contour lines are difficult to see so that they do not dominate the map, and that is why they have every fifth line darker than the rest of the lines. How many feet of rise or fall are there between the two dark contour lines/ After you have traveled the 4900 feet, where do you end up? What land mark is close by? Were you walking in open fields or woods after you crossed the river the second time? How does the map indicate this change? If you wanted to go to Fairwater in Section 5 of Whitewater Township, what bearing would ou need to follow? If you walked to Fairwater in a “straight as the Crow flies” path, would you be hiking on level terrain? What obstacles if any would be in your path? Now set your compass to a bearing of 1820 and travel 2.7 miles. You, of course, would be dead tired after this hike. Will you need a tent to camp for the night at this destination? In the morning you are awakened by a noise outside. Upon investigation you discover a huge 12 point buck rubbing his antlers on a tree across the clearing. If it were deer season and you had a legal license would you harvest the deer? Why or why not? In Section 35 of Quincy Township, there is a great catch and release trout fishing area. It runs upstream of where the Spring Creek joins the middle fork of the Whitewater River. What bearing would you have to travel in to get from where spotted the deer to this trout fishing location? What county is the fishing hole in? Finally, set your compass to 750 and travel an additional 4.5 miles. What type of building are you at? What bearing must you follow to get back to the Lookout Tower? Could you alter your route back to the tower to avoid climbing or descending any hills? List the bearings and distances for this alternate path. EA # 37.0 Displacement Vectors in Orienteering In mathematics and in navigation a vector quantity is used to describe a distance traveled in a certain direction. This description of a distance and a direction is given the name displacement. On a map a displacement’s distance is determined using a scale where a number of inches or centimeters on the map can be converted to measurements in real life. This is done by simply multiplying by the scale factor given in the legend of the map. The directional component of the displacement is determined by setting a compasses origin at your starting point with the zero degree line pointing north and 900 pointing east and then measuring the number of degrees from north that your path is headed. In the diagrams below determine the displacement between each point using a ruler to measure the distance between the points and then a compass to measure the number of degrees from north that the letter with the higher ranked letter is from the lower. For each of the diagrams below use a scale of 1.0 cm = 1.0 km.   
  
  
EA # 37.1 The Heading Dance In this activity you will be given a list of headings and distances you are to travel, in Physics these are called Displacement Vectors. Vectors are used in math and Physics to describe any measurement that has both a magnitude (amount) and a direction. You will walk out the list of vectors given to you to find the final displacement that you have traveled from your starting point. Have your partner act as the starting point and remain there as you perform the dance. Use the length of your stride (from EA #35.0) to measure out the distances given and set your heading (remember North is 0o and East is 90o) on a distant object so that you walk in a straight line. After completing your list of dance moves (Displacement Vectors) measure your final displacement from your partner (distance and direction from your partner to your final position). I will give you the first solution so that you can check your accuracy.
Extra Credit: On a separate sheet of paper solve one of the Heading Dances both graphically and analytically, just like you did in Physics class (or ask for help). EA # 37.5 Triangulation Triangulation is an orienteering process in where you try to find unknown location by given headings from two known locations. This is how a wolf’s position can be determined from two directional radio receivers, or how they locate the epicenter of earthquakes. 
In this activity, triangulate the following positions given their bearings from position #1 and #2 on the grid accompanying this sheet. Use the scale of 1:25,000 to indicate the distance the unknown location is from position #1. Position Bearing from #1 Bearing from #2 Meters from #1 A 62 329 ______ B 201 262 ______ C 314 300 ______ D 138 285 ______ E 47 307 ______ For the following positions on the map determine their distance in meters from position #1. You will only be given the heading and distance from position #2 and a scale of 1:20,000. Position Distance from #2 Bearing from #2 Meters from #1 F 10.0 cm 41 ______ G 6.0cm 0 ______ H 3.8 cm 62 ______ I 2.7 cm 227 ______ J 4.3 cm 319 ______ N 1 11 1 2 EA #37.7 Don’t Lose Your Bearings Around JM In this activity, you and a partner will lay out an orienteering course on the JM school grounds. You must designate a starting point, like the door for my room, and then come up with ten different bearings and distances to send another group of students on a sightseeing trip around JM. Remember to set your compass bearing on a distant object in line with the sight to be seen and then count your left foot falls to the sight you want the group to see (use 5ft as the distance between left footfalls). Then find the bearings to the next sight to be visited. You will need to give a hint of what the sight is that the group will be seeing but don’t tell them what it is. When you have finished your course return to my room and exchange your course clues with another group, check their discoveries when they return. I.e.: Step 1: From door 16 proceed at 190o for 200ft. Hint: Rocket fans pay to take the stands!! Step 2: From sight 1 proceed at 45o for 160ft. Hint: Swing batter!! Etc… Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7: Step 8: Step 9: Step 10: EA #38.0 Video WS: Garmin eTrex GPS Who owns the Global Positioning System, GPS? How many satellites make up the GPS? What process does the GPS use to calculate your position? What needs to be done the first time you power up the GPS? How do you change the contrast on the display of the eTrex? What are the four main pages on the eTrex display? List the steps needed to enter and save coordinates? Define Range. Define Bearing. What is XTE? What is the importance of using waypoints for land and water navigation? EA #38.5 JM High School GPS Activity In this activity you will introduce yourself to the workings of a hand held GPS unit. You will be given the coordinates of 8 waypoints around the JM grounds. At each waypoint you will be at a land mark found nowhere else around the school. You are to locate each land mark using your GPS by entering these coordinates in the Mark Waypoint screen, make a Waypoint on your GPS and then use Locate to go to a specific Landmark/Waypoint. Finally write on the form what landmark is at the waypoint you visited. There will be eight teams for this activity; your team number will determine with which waypoint you will start your activity. Team #8 will start at waypoint #8 and then move to waypoint #1, and then to #2… Remember that the GPS used by the general public has limited accuracy, so look around when you get to the waypoint, the land mark may be within a circle, 10 ft to 60 ft in radius. To make it easier use the coordinates on the map to locate the approximate location of the landmark.
W 92 29.180 N 44 02.165 W 92 28.936 
W 92 29.180 N 44 01.940 W 92 28.936 EA #38.7 Touring Quarry Hill with a GPS In this activity you will be give the coordinates of five orienteering signs that are located around Quarry Hill Park. You are to locate these signs using your GPS and a map of Quarry Hill. When you are traveling to the orienteering signs remember that the most direct route is not always the easiest route. Plan your routes using the safest and easiest path and these coordinates of the approximate boundaries of the park: N 44 02 370 on the north end, W 92 25 492 on the east side, N 44 01 775 on the south end and W 92 26 316 on the west side. When you find the sign which you have been assigned draw a picture of the symbol and create a marker waypoint on your GPS. Show your route map on the GPS to me and turn in your Waypoint Symbol sheet. .Have fun, be respectful of others using the park and be safe. 
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