Joint Research Opportunity at the Department of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (aafc)

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  Visiting Scientist from a university or a research organisation/Chercheur visiteur provenant d’une université ou d’un organisme de recherche.
  

Crops and Livestock Research Centre

Website : http://www.agr.gc.ca/science

Charlottetown, PEI

Phone/Téléphone : 1-902-367-7602

Other AAFC scientists/Autres chercheurs d’AAC : Dr. Chris Kirby 

University partners/Partenaires universitaires : Dr. Marva Sweeney-Nixon

Industry partners/Partenaires industriels :

The objective of this graduate study is to understand the role of glycosylation on flax lignan bioavailability and bioactivity in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells.

Lignans, also known as secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) are phytoestrogens that come in the form of non-steroidal polyphenolic compounds. SDG is the principal diphenolic substance converted in the colon to bioactive enterodiol and enterolactone. Flax is an excellent source of lignans and flax lignan is accepted as a new dietary ingredient in the US by the FDA and by Health Canada in Canada. The health benefit (including reduced incidence of heart diseases, diabetes and cancer) of lignans is currently under extensive investigation. Although present in the diet, plant polyphenols might not be as bioactive in the body as they could be because of lower intrinsic activity, poor absorption from the intestine, highly metabolized and degraded by intestine flora, or just rapidly eliminated. In planta, these compounds are mainly found in glycosylated forms (or other post-translation modifications) which influence absorption and bioactivity. This caveat has been recognized by the pharmaceutical industry and proprietary enzyme systems such as Isolase™ (National Enzyme Company) have been developed to increase absorption and bioavailability of plant polyphenols. We believe that reduced lignan glycosylation can increase its bioavailability and bioactivity. Through Tufgen project, the key glycosylation genes are being characterized to identify flax mutant lines carrying glycosylation gene mutation. As our primary interest lies in the development of flax lines with improved lignan bioavailability and bioactivity, the objective of this graduate project is to study the effect of altered lignan glycosylation on insulin sensitivity in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Compared with SDG lignan, we expect that lignan aglycone or monoglycoside will have increased bioavailability and bioactivity, and hence increase cell sensitivity to insulin and glucose uptake.

Candidates should possess good written and verbal English skills, be self-motivated, and demonstrate an ability to work as part of an interactive group.

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  Visiting Scientist from a university or a research organisation/Chercheur visiteur provenant d’une université ou d’un organisme de recherche.
  

Crops and Livestock Research Centre

Website : http://www.agr.gc.ca/science

Charlottetown, PEI

Phone/Téléphone : 1-902-367-7602

Other AAFC scientists/Autres chercheurs d’AAC : Dr. Jason McCallum ; Dr. Chris Kirby ; Dr. Sylvie Cloutier

University partners/Partenaires universitaires : Dr. Marva Sweeney-Nixon

Industry partners/Partenaires industriels :

The objective of this graduate project is to characterize EMS flax mutant lines by profiling and quantitating SDG lignans and their different glycosylated forms using UPLC and GC-MS and determining their chemical structures by and NMR.

Lignans, also known as secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG) are phytoestrogens that come in the form of non-steroidal polyphenolic compounds. SDG is the principal diphenolic substance converted in the colon to bioactive enterodiol and enterolactone. Flax is an excellent source of lignans and flax lignan is accepted as a new dietary ingredient in the US by the FDA and by Health Canada in Canada. The health benefit (including reduced incidence of heart diseases, diabetes and cancer) of lignans is currently under extensive investigation. Although present in the diet, plant polyphenols might not be as bioactive in the body as they could be because of lower intrinsic activity, poor absorption from the intestine, highly metabolized and degraded by intestine flora, or just rapidly eliminated. In planta, these compounds are mainly found in glycosylated forms (or other post-translation modifications) which influence absorption and bioactivity. This caveat has been recognized by the pharmaceutical industry and proprietary enzyme systems such as Isolase™ (National Enzyme Company) have been developed to increase absorption and bioavailability of plant polyphenols. We believe that it is possible to improve the bioavailability and bioactivity of plant polyphenols by altering the posttranslation modification of the compounds in vivo. Three genes are key to SDG content and its post-translation modification: pinoresinol-lariciresinol reductase (PLR), 1-uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) and malonyltransferase (MT). The key glycosylation genes are being characterized through the Tufgen project for use in the identification of flax mutant lines carrying gene mutation. As our primary interest lies in the development of flax lines with improved lignan bioavailability and bioactivity, the objective of this graduate project is to characterize EMS flax mutant lines by profiling and quantitating SDG lignans and their different glycosylated forms using UPLC and GC-MS and determining their chemical structures by and NMR. We expect to identify 1-5 mutant lines with altered lignan glycosylation profile will be identified and which will be tested for bioactivity with as an ultimate goal of developing flax lines with improved lignan bioavailability and bioactivity.

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  Graduate students / étudiants des cycles supérieurs:
  

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  Visiting Scientist from a university or a research organisation/Chercheur visiteur provenant d’une université ou d’un organisme de recherche.
  

12-24 (visiting scientist)

Potato Research Centre

Website : http://www.agr.gc.ca/science

Fredericton, New Brunswick

Phone/Téléphone : 1-506-452-4885

Other AAFC scientists/Autres chercheurs d’AAC : Helen Tai; Agnes Murphy; Benoit Bizimungu

University partners/Partenaires universitaires : Benildo de los Reyes (University of Maine)

Industry partners/Partenaires industriels : Gary Hawkins (McCain Foods)

To develop and evaluate genomic selection strategies for potato improvement.

Genomic selection is a strategy to improve plant breeding and involves the use of molecular marker data to select parents for subsequent breeding cycles. The candidate will work with the research team to establish criteria for application of genomic selection to potato breeding, including selecting the appropriate genotyping platform, marker density, population size, stage of breeding program, and statistical method for genomic selection of potato.

Value of the Opportunity (issue, results, outcomes)/Valeur ajoutée de l’opportunité (problème, résultats, retombées):

Selection of parents in a plant breeding is the key for continued advances. However, in most potato breeding programs fewer resources are dedicated to parent selection than for other crops. The effect of this situation is exasperated by the fact that potato is a highly-heterozgous autotetraploid crop where phenotypic performance alone is a poor predictor of parental performance, especially for quantitative traits. Therefore, improved methods of parent selection are needed.