L lábán, Rudolf
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- Lukin, László
- Ádám, Jenő ; Bárdos, Lajos ; Pécsi, Sebestyén. Lükő, Gábor
- Győrffy, István; Karácsony, Sándor. Luppis, János
- Lusztig, Gábor
- Lute Players
- Lutheran Church in Hungary →Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hungary. Lyka, Károly
- Szinyei Merse, Pál; Rippl-Rónai, József; Madarász, Viktor; Munkácsi, Mihály; Réti, István.
Lukinich, Imre (Emeric) (Varjas, 4 April 1880 - Budapest, 16 May 1950) – Historian. He completed his university studies in Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania). He taught at Székelyudvarhely (now Odoheiu Secuiesc, Romania), Dés (now Dej, Romania), and from 1912 on, in Budapest. From 1918 he was a university professor at Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia). In 1923 he became Director of the National Archives, Budapest. By 1924 he was Director of the National Széchényi Library and, from 1929, he taught Eastern European History at the University of Budapest. He edited the academic journal, Archivum Europae Centro-Orientalis, until 1944, and had a leading role in the Hungarian Historical Society and at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. His positivist thoughts influenced historical research and the sources he used made it even more interesting. The main topics that interested him were the history of Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romani), the Rákóczi period, and Polish-Hungarian relations. His main writings include György Rákóczi and the Polish Kingdom (Rákóczi György és a lengyel királyság) (1907); The History of the Peace of Szatmár and its Documentary Sources (A szatmári béke története és okirattára) (1925); The History of the Bethlen Counts and their Families, (A Bethlen grófok és családainak története) (1927), and The Story and Documentation of Ferenc Rákóczi II’s Treason Trial (II Rákóczi Ferenc felségárulási perének története és irattára) (1935). He was also a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (corresponding 1919, ordinary 1931, Director between 1935 and 1949). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7688. Lukin, László (Ladislas) (Baja, 30 January 1926 - Budapest, 18 August 2004) – Music teacher, chorus-master, performing artist and propagator of music literature. His parents were capable musicians, his father also worked as a parish choirmaster. He completed his secondary education at the Béla III Cistercian High School of Baja in 1944. His music teachers were Ilona Recska (piano) and Ferenc Bálint (theory). From 1944 to 1948 he completed his studies in the church choir-master section of the Fewrenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music, Budapest, as the student of Lajos (Louis) Bárdos, continuing there in the section of high-school singing and music teacher training during 1948 and 1949, under Jenő (Eugene) Ádám, with instruction in organ playing from Sebestyén (Sebastian) Pécsi. During the years 1950 to 1982 he was music teacher at the Mihály Fazekas General School and High School, in addition to working as choirmaster for a number of groups: as the deputy choirmaster of the Budapest Choir (1950-1954); choirmaster of the Hungarian State Railway (MÁV) Male Choir at Dunakeszi (1954 to 1964), and from 1954 until his death, Lukin directed the youth concerts of the National Philharmonic. Between 1958 and 1968 he edited the “Cricket-music” column of the journal Muzsika. From 1960 to 1965 he ran the TV-program Chiming Clocks. Until his passing, he was also writing for Hungarian Radio, as an outside consultant. He was the author of educational music books, also textbooks on music and singing for high schools. In 2003 he launched a series for young students, entitled “Musical Fables – Fabled Music” (Zenés mesék - Mesés zenék). Lukin was a member of the Franz Liszt Society, and foundation member of the Hungarian and International Kodály Society, Secretary of the Lajos Bárdos Society, and also leader of musical clubs; he was an honorary freeman of the town of Baja (1989). The General Musical High School of Baja bears his name. He was a recipient of the Small Cross of the Order of the Republic of Hungary (1996) and the Gyula Wlassics Prize (2003). The Basic Art-Educational Institution at Érd bears his name (2005). – B: 2049, T: 7456.→Ádám, Jenő; Bárdos, Lajos; Pécsi, Sebestyén. Lükő, Gábor (Gabriel) (Komárom, 4 November 1909 - Budapest, 21 April 2001) – Ethnographer, social psychologist. He studied at the University of Budapest. The distinguished ethnographer, István (Stephen) Győrffy supervised his Ph.D. thesis: The Csángós of Moldova 1. The Connections of the Csángós with the Hungarians of Transylvania (A moldvai Csángók 1. A Csángók kapcsolatai az erdélyi magyarsággal) (1936). He gathered a valuable collection among the Csángós of Moldova. He worked in a number of museums: in 1936 and 1937 at the Ethnographic Museum, Budapest; from 1937 to 1949 he was Curator of the Déri Museum of Debrecen; between 1950 and 1958, at Gyula; from 1958 to 1963, at Baja, and between 1963 and 1970, at Kiskunfélegyháza, where he became Director. From 1942 to 1945 he was a demonstrator in the Socio-Psychological Institute of his mentor, Sándor (Alexander) Karácsony at the University of Debrecen. In 1945 he became an honorary lecturer there. He researched the origin of Hungarian folk art: The Shepherd’s Art of the Hortobágy (A hortobágyi pásztorművészet) (1940); The Origin and History of Hungarian Folk-embroidery (A magyar néphimzés eredete és története); later, he summed up the ancestral and eastern elements of Hungarian folklore in The Forms of the Hungarian Soul (A magyar lélek formái) (1942, facsimile edition 1987). He carried out research on the old layer of Hungarian folksongs, on Finno-Ugric mythology, and on Romanian belief legends considered to be of Hungarian origin. The result of his research is the work: The Feast of the Day, Romanian Folk Ballads (A nap lakodalma, Román népballadák), published by the Hungarian-Romanian Library, established by him, translated by István (Stephen) Komjáthy (1947). Unfortunately, his life-work remained in the background for a long time. His disciples made it known in “samizdat” (underground) form in the 1990s, and it appeared under the title Roots (Gyökerek), first in Finland and Estonia. However, for his silenced life achievement he received the Hungarian Heritage Prize (1999), the Kossuth Prize (2001) and the Prize of the Gábor Bethlen Foundation (1992. – B: 0878, 1079, 1257, T: 7456.→Győrffy, István; Karácsony, Sándor. Luppis, János (John) (Fiume, now Rijeka Croatia, 27 January 1813 - Torriga, Italy, 11 January 1875) – Naval Captain, engineer, co-inventor of the torpedo. He followed in his father’s footsteps and joined the Austro-Hungarian Navy. He conceptualized and built the first torpedo. Basically it was a boat, filled with explosives and a triggering device at its stern, activated by a pressurized air-driven propeller, directed from the shore by strings. The Naval Ministry did not recognize its importance at the time. He then teamed up with Robert Whitehead, an English shipbuilder, and the first operational torpedo was built in Fiume (now Rijeka, Croatia) in 1866. Lajos (Louis) Obry and János Gesztessy perfected it with their devices. Its mass-production started in 1868; the products were purchased by England, Germany, Italy, France, Japan and Russia. The Luppis-Whitehead torpedo was first seen in action in the Civil War in Peru on 19 May 1877, and it played a major role in the naval war between Japan and Russia in 1904. – B: 1105, 1160, 1410, T: 7103. Lusztig, Gábor (Gabriel) (Gyula, 9 September 1925 - Kecskemét, 3 April 1991) – Physician, pathologist. Earlier in his career (1943-1944) he studied Law at the University of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania). In 1944 he was called up for forced labor service. During 1944 and 1945 he was imprisoned at Sopronkőhida. In 1951 he obtained his Medical Degree from the University of Szeged In 1954 he earned specialist qualification in Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology. In 1951 he worked on a scholarship in the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Histology at the University of Szeged. From 1952 he was a research student there, from 1953 a demonstrator, then an assistant lecturer from 1954 to 1956. He obtained his Master’s Degree in Medicine in 1963, and his Medical Doctorate in 1979. From 1956 until his death, he was the Senior Physician in the Pathology Section of the County Hospital of Kecskemét. From 1968 he was a titular assistant professor in the Medical School of the University of Szeged, and a titular professor from 1973. In 1970-1971 he was a guest research scientist at the University of Montreal. He mainly investigated the disorders of the circulatory system, above all, the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. From 1962 he edited the Yearbook of the Hospital of County Bács-Kiskun (Bács-Kiskun Megyei Kórház Évkönyve). He was President of the Society of Hungarian Pathologists (1980-1990) and a member of the European Society of Pathology. His works include Blood Coagulation Factors and Atherosclerosis (Acta Morphologica) (1965), and The Alteration of the Water-binding Capacity of the Human Aorta-wall in Atherosclerosis (Az emberi aorta-fal vizkötő-kapacitásának változása atherosclerosisban). He received the József (Joseph) Baló Prize. – B: 1730, 1745, T: 7456. Lute Players – Medieval Hungarian minstrels accompanied their songs on the lute (lant). The player held the lute in his right hand more or less on his lap, while he would pluck the strings with his left hand. In Hungary, the mention of these lute players first appeared in documents in 1326 and 1364. – B: 0942, 1078, T: 7684. Lutheran Church in Hungary→Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hungary. Lyka, Károly (Charles) (Lika) (Pest, 4 January 1869 - Budapest, 30 April 1965) – Art historian. He studied in Munich and Rome to become a painter; but later abandoned his plan. Instead, he chose the career of an art critic. From 1896 he became closely associated with the journal, New Times (Új Idők). From 1914 he was professor at the Academy of Applied Art, Budapest, and was its Director from 1920. He retired in 1936. He was an art critic for the newspaper, Pest Diary (Pesti Napló), the Budapest Diary (Budapesti Napló), and fought for the recognition of the painters of Nagybánya (now Baia Mare, Romania), and the post-impressionist painters. Together with István (Stephen) Réti in 1902, he established and edited the periodical, Art (Művészet) until 1918. In this periodical he continued fighting for the recognition of new Hungarian artists, especially Szinyei Merse, Rippl-Rónai, and the artists of the Nagybánya School. He became a member of the Upper House of Parliament in 1927. He retired in 1936. His works include Viktor Madarász, his Life and Works (Madarász Viktor élete és művei) (1923?) History of the Arts (A művészetek története) (1930); National Romanticism (Nemzeti romantika) (1942); Michelangelo (1957); Leonardo da Vinci (1958); Raffaello (1959); Rembrandt (1956), and Munkácsy 1844-1900 (1964). His books on great painters were enormously popular; he became the leading art historian of Hungary. He received the Kossuth Prize twice (1952, 1964). – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7103.→Szinyei Merse, Pál; Rippl-Rónai, József; Madarász, Viktor; Munkácsi, Mihály; Réti, István. 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