Objectives of the project compared to the state of the art and in relation to the SNRI

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  To reveal the mechanism and new physics at the origin of the masses of all elementary particles
  
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  To discover the nature of Dark Matter.
  
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  To constrain the nature of extensions of the Standard Model with precision flavor physics measurements (rare B decays, couplings ,top physics ) and precise low energy experiments
  
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  To develop new methods to compute physics processes in order to reach a precision on the theoretical predictions sufficient to reveal discrepancies with the measurements due to new physics.
  
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  To adapt detectors to a higher data rate and a higher radiation level.
  

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  Discovery of the Higgs bosons or other mechanism at the origin of the masses of elementary particles.
  
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  Nature of Dark Matter.
  
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  Deviation from SM expectations
  

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  The present project aims at understanding the actual mechanism at the origin of masses of all elementary particles. About 40 years after the conceptual design of the Standard Model, one key ingredient is still not verified experimentally
  
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  The physics of flavours will be accessible with a high statistics in several channels for the first time : B hadrons, Top quark and Charmed hadrons
  
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  Several levels of synergies inside this LABEX:
  

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  A unique constellation for Dark Matter search with all experimental aspects present: colliders physics and precise low energy experiments, indirect searches, direct searches, models for Dark Matter, computation of Relic Density, understanding of the Standard Cosmic Rays background - flux & propagation.
  
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  Between experiments, theory and interpretations in the exploitation of SM measurements from LHC & Linear Collider.
  
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  Precisions measurement of flavor physics and rare decays (LHCb) and predictions (Theory)
  

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  The LHC physics program is one of the top scientific priorities of both the IN2P3 and the INP. The ATLAS, LHCb experiments at the LHC are international collaborations bringing together several hundred institutes from all continents.
  
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  The LHC at CERN will be for the next 15 years the only operating high-energy collider after the planned shutdown of the Tevatron in the coming years.
  
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  Both LAPP and LPSC have recognized expertise in the conception and realisation of innovative detectors for high-energy physics (L3 and ATLAS electromagnetic calorimeter, R&D for the highly segmented future detectors).
  
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  This involvement resulted in the nomination by their collaboration of LAPP members as project leaders for the ATLAS and LHCb electromagnetic calorimeters.
  
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  LAPTh and the LPSC theory group are internationally recognized for their expertise in theoretical precision computations of SM and new physics processes. They are at the origin of many public tools (Micromegas, PHOX Family, Resummation codes, Golem library) and contributes largely to other tools (CTEG_PDFs, MC@NLO, POWHEG).
  

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  ILL (highest neutron flux reactor in the world)
  

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  Available energy and limited particle production.
  
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  Experimental precisions are limited by the statistics of data sets and by the performances of the detectors.
  
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  Complexity and length of the theoretical computations limits the attainable precision of the predictions.
  
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  Current limitations of detectors : Sensitivity to small rates (DM direct & indirect searches), jet energy resolution (Linear Collider) and facing high luminosity : radiation hardness and data fluxes
  

Work Program

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  Task 1 :Exploitation i.e analysis and interpretations of massive data sets.
  
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  Task 2 :Quantitative studies and prospective for future experiments (SuperB, Linear Colliders)
  
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  Task 3 : Developements and tests of novel methods to compute physics processes.
  
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  Task 4: Developements of high granularity electromagnetic & hadronic calorimeters in order to double the performances on jet energy resolution.
  
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  Task 5 : Consolidation of data acquisition to face the high data rate
  
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  Task 6 : Consolidation of tracking devices to face a high level of radiations
  
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  Task 7 : Organisation of workshops and conferences
  

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  To provide high performance technologies for the CTA
  
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  To work in link with the CREAM and AMS collaborations
  
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  To work in link with the Pierre Auger Observatory
  
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  To build one of the most complicated optical systems ever created for the measurement of the dark energy parameters of the LSST
  
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  To provide unprecedented spatial resolution in 3D of tracks at such low energies to allow directional detection of non-baryonic dark matter
  
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  To establish the first direct detection of gravitational waves and enter the era of GW astronomy; to upgrade the detector to the 2^nd generation Advanced Virgo configuration
  
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  PLANCK has many scientific objectives described in a special document, called the “Bluebook”. In particular, to give the most precise determination of the cosmological parameters of our Universe ruling the geometry and the energy and matter content of it.
  

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  For the first time, the CTA project unifies the research groups working in this field in the World in a common strategy, resulting in a unique convergence of efforts, human resources, and know-how.
  
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  The precise determination of the B/C and Be10/Be9 ratios would be invaluable as well as the measurements of the antiproton and positron fluxes up to the TeV.
  
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  The detection of a few antideuterons would also be a major step forward.
  
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  For the improvement of the identification of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray, an event per event identification of the nature of the interacting primary cosmic rays would be a major achievement. This major step will be possible only through the measurement of new observables. The radio-emission of extensive air showers has been identified as a promising solution.
  
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  As demonstrated by the panel of independent experts selected for the “dark energy task force”, the LSST will be a state-of-the art experiment allowing for an improvement of more than one order of magnitude on the current measurement of the dark energy parameters.
  
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  At the prototype level MIMAC is able to show the goals needed for the study of directional detection of non-baryonic dark matter. The challenge is to build a large micro-TPC (50m3) to have enough events at such low cross sections.
  
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  The improved sensitivity of Advanced Virgo should bring the number of detected compact binary coalescence sources to a few or a few dozen per year. Extract science from the astrophysical sources observed, especially from compact binary coalescences.
  
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  PLANCK has been launched in May 2009 and the first light survey has shown an excellent quality of data. The electronic noise of detectors is the lowest ever had.
  

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  The improved performance of CTA is expected to lead to the discovery of a broad range of new phenomena in astroparticle physics and high energy astrophysics which will be profitable for fundamental questions of physics, particle physics and cosmology.
  
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  AMS will be a space station borne experiment operating during at least 10 years in space. It opens a new window in the GeV to TeV energy range. Benefiting from such a mine of observation will help construct a reliable model for galactic cosmic ray production and propagation.
  
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  The international Pierre Auger collaboration supports the proposed development of GHz or MHz radio detection in slave mode to complement existing detectors.
  
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  The LSST will be the telescope with the highest expanse. It will address the dark energy question by nearly all the know probes.
  
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  MIMAC is showing for the first time 3D tracks at such low energies with the required spatial resolution. The directionality signature is the only one to discriminate the researched events from those produced by neutrons.
  
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  Bringing the detector to the nominal AdV sensitivity in due time for Virgo should allow the first detections and entering the era of GW astronomy.
  
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  The PLANCK-HFI mission is a technology challenge for the European Spatial Agency. It has bolometers cooled to 100mK, having 3 cryocoolers in chain to get it.
  

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  The CTA is an international consortium of more than 200 institutes from more than 20 countries. Since 2010 the CTA consortium includes also USA and India, two countries which decided to join CTA in a worldwide effort instead of following their own path toward a new generation IACT facility. CTA is therefore the unique worldwide IACT tera-electronvolt astronomical observatory for the next decade.
  
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  AMS is the largest collaboration so far gathered for a space mission with 56 participating institutions from 16 countries over 3 continents and 600 physicists.
  

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  The Pierre Auger collaboration is a consortium of 81 institutes of 18 countries. The Auger Southern observatory is unequalled in term of size and performances. The European institutes are leading the R&D efforts and the French groups including the LPSC groups play a key role in these R&D.
  

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  The LSST will be the leading project of its category, as reported by the US “decadal survey” which rated it at the highest priority for large scale astronomy projects. It is also deeply complementary with most other dark energy projects carried out.
  

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  The directional detection of non-baryonic dark matter project is complementary to other projects because it explores the axial (spin-spin) interaction on a 19F target having a good sensitivity to light Wimps.
  
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  Virgo is a declared priority in the "HORIZON 2020" strategic plan of CNRS and Advanced Virgo has been approved by CNRS and INFN.
  
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  The results of Planck will be a reference for decades. Planck is a 3^rd generation of CMB satellites. The results will have an impact on astrophysics and particle physics.
  

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  The LSST CCOB development requires a refined design involving optics, mechanics, and computing.
  

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  For the Directional detection of non-baryonic dark matter, the MIMAC project participates to the ULISSE Equipex, concerning the very low radioactivity equipment for the underground laboratory of Modane (LSM).
  
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  Planck has strong links with astroparticle projects searching for dark matter (MIMAC) or dark energy (LSST).
  
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  For gravitational waves, the AdV upgrade involves many aspects in mechanics, optics, electronics and real-time control, and therefore fits well within the mecatronics project.
  

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  For the CTA the main bottlenecks are represented by:
  

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  the highest possible reliability of mechanical, mecatronics and optical layout of the array of telescopes;
  
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  capacity of improved photodetection sensitivity and background rejection technique to lower down the energy threshold;
  
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  the challenge to operate CTA as an observatory by building up e-facilities for data management and open data access.
  
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  The installation of AMS on the ISS is a challenge. The identification of the cosmic ray isotopes at GeV energies is also crucial for measuring accurately the B/C and Be10/Be9 ratios for instance or for observing the first cosmic antideuterons.
  

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  For the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray, the molecular Bremsstrahlung GHz emission is much poorly know and not yet detected in correlation with cosmic rays.
  
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  Although the LSST design has been demonstrated, it remains an extremely difficult instrument to build.
  
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  For the Directional detection of non-baryonic dark matter, an important number of chambers is needed. The test, validation and calibration need a relative important number of full time equivalent personnel.
  
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  The AdV design implies pushing the Virgo techniques well beyond the current performances: high power laser, interferometer with dual-recycling, monolithic suspensions, thermal compensation, new beam geometry, large mirrors with top-quality coating, and more flexible real-time environment.
  
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  The complexity of Planck data analysis, particularly the aspects related to polarization.
  

Work Program

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  Task 1 : Development of technologies for the CTA
  

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  characterization and test of new generation SiPm photo-detectors with higher quantum efficiency
  
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  Design, conception, prototyping and construction of stringer and lighter mechanical components of the Large Size Telescopes
  
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  Instrumentation of mecatronics devices for the dynamical dumping of mechanical structures and driving system of the LSTs.
  
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  Software and middleware solutions to provide the functionality of a Data Center for CTA.
  

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  Task 2 : Modeling of galactic cosmic rays and search for the indirect signatures of the dark matter species
  

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  Construction of the numerical code USINE for the production and propagation of galactic cosmic rays. This code should be released for public use.
  
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  In collaboration with CREAM and AMS, analysis of a few significant astrophysical backgrounds such as the antiproton, positron and antideuteron radiations.
  

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  Analysis of the observations in search for potential distortions which may signal the presence of WIMPs in the galactic halo.
  

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  Task 3 : To develop a prototype array of antenna for the detection of UHECR
  

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  To install a prototype array of antenna that can prove the detectability of MHz (geosynchrotron) and GHz emission (molecular Bremsstrahlung)
  
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  To characterise these observables within a couple of month (EASIER project in the framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory).
  

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  Task 4 : Developing a Camera Calibration Optical Bench (CCOB) for the LSST. This CCOB has a very important role for the quality of the LSST data.
  
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  Task 5: To design and validated the automatic device to simulate and calibrate the first bi-chamber for the Directional detection of non-baryonic dark matter
  

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  Task 6 : technological development for the Advanced Virgo : large mirror coating robot, upgrade of the detection system, upgrade of the data acquisition system and real-time environment, upgrade of the calibration system and data analysis.
  

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  Task 7 : Planck data analysis
  

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  The Planck collaboration has a Work Package dedicated to the preprocessing in which the LPSC has the leadership.
  
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  The polarization of the CMB is covered by other work packages having links with calibration, map reconstruction and non-gaussianities.
  

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  Prove unambiguously the flavour appearance through oscillation mechanism.
  
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  Measure theta13 and CP violation phase with next generation of neutrino detectors
  
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  Study mass hierarchy
  
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  Study the nature of the neutrino and the mass in double beta decay process
  
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  Participate in defining, designing and building new generation of detectors for the scientific goals mentioned above.
  

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  To develop original and refined neutrino event analysis to optimise numu-nutau and numu-nue search with OPERA/CNGS
  
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  To design and optimize large water Cerenkov detectors
  
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  To improve and optimize the photodetection devices and arrays
  
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  To develop new traco-calo detector for double beta decay search with improvement of the energy resolution DE/E < 8% (FWHM)
  
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  To Improve the photomultiplier (8’’) and use PVT plastic scintillator
  

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  Develop a research pole specialised on different major aspects of neutrino physics which need underground infrastructures and new detector developments. This pole should gather experts in the field.
  

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  This project follows the international strategy on the future of neutrino physics. It is part of a global effort for constructing and developing the new generation of neutrino facilities (experiments, beam lines etc…)
  

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  Oscillation experiments:
  

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  Conception of large massive detectors with fine grained detection capabilities at reduced cost
  
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  Work in low background environment
  
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  Need more powerful neutrino beam
  
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  Control and determine the background processes occurring at low energies
  
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  Control at the lowest possible levels the systematic uncertainties coming from neutrino sources and fiducial detection volumes.
  

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  Double beta decay experiments:
  

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  Enrichment of isotopes. Some of the best isotopes are 150Nd, 48ca or 96Zr but there is no possibility to enrich them for large mass today
  
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  Reduce backgrounds coming from natural radioactivity and radon
  
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  Produce source foil with a radiopurity of 2 µBq/kg in 208Tl et 10 µBq/kg in 214Bi
  
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  Improvement of energy resolution for tracko-calo approach
  

Work Program

• 
  Task 1: Oscillation physics
  

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  Develop new approaches for the analysis of the direct nutau appearance in CNGS beam in electron and multihadron channels
  
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  Feasibility studies for building large Water Cerenkov detector in underground cavities.
  
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  Simulation to optimize the detector geometry and photodetector performances
  
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  Develop front end readout electronic
  
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  Study calibration system of several thousands photosensors
  
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  Study mechanical structure for supporting photodetector arrays and integration in underground cavities.
  

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  Task 2: Double beta decay
  

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  Develop traco-calo detector module which consists in a thin source foil of enriched isotopes sandwiched by two tracking volume surrounded by a calorimeter
  
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  build a demonstrator module with 7 kg of source foil:
  

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  Production of source foil at the required radiopurity level
  
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  Production of calorimeter blocks with the required resolution, test of aging
  
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  Prove that radon level (100 µBq/m³) under control
  
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  Study of automatic calibration system
  

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  To participate to the development of the new generation of nuclear reactors
  

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  Study of innovative systems based on a new fuel cycle
  

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  The Osuti project aims at providing experimental facilities to :
  

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  Allow the development of Molten Salt Fast Reactor technology which is necessary for validation of key points of the concept
  
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  Give access to nuclear data relevant for new fuel cycle
  

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  The project is in total accordance with the national and international policies in order to :
  

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  Minimize the impact of the nuclear reactors on the environment
  
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  Improve the general performances of the nuclear reactors
  

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  To develop new equipments and processes compatible with the particularity of molten salt monitoring (pumping, flow, temperature, pressure…)
  
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  To design a neutron source by mean of a particle accelerator coupled with a ILL spectrometer for nuclear data measurements
  

Work Program

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  Task 1: Development of molten salt instrumentation and mock-ups in support of MSFR
  
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  Task 2: Upgrade of LPSC PEREN facility for nuclear data measurements
  

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  Nuclear data for Th/U fuel cycle, related reactor calculations and nuclear energy development scenarios
  

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  Task 3: Experiments at ILL in support of Nuclear structure models (academic research on matter properties)
  

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  Helping to make the LHC machine one of the richest discovery fields of the early 21st century and participating to the world effort towards a new linear collider is the main objective of this work package.
  

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  Solid state amplifiers (lower cost, higher reliability, modularity) for beam intensity increase
  
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  Crab cavities for LHC (compactness, high field, low high order modes) for luminosity enhancement
  
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  Optimisation of refrigeration for LHC
  
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  Minimize the time necessary for refrigerator tuning to match CERN’s objective to increase the available beam time.
  
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  Nanometre size beam production and characterisation
  
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  High polarization electron beam production and characterization for CLIC
  

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  Obtain unprecedented beam properties with our developments for both LHC and CLIC
  

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  LHC and CLIC will be world leading projects in particle physics. French teams will play a major role in the construction, upgrade and exploitation of results.
  
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  Complementing the accelerator pole in the Paris region, the Rhône-Alpes accelerator pole will play a major role with its privileged proximity of major accelerator partners like CERN in Geneva and the recognised experience from the Grenoble partners.
  

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  Accelerator developments are based on techniques common to different machines therefore the developments proposed in this WP will benefit to the whole community such as particle physics machines (LEP,LHC, CLIC), machines like synchrotron facilities (SOLEIL, ESRF), future Accelerator Driven Systems (proton linear accelerators) or medical machines.
  
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  Some accelerator topics listed in this proposal correspond to the continuity of work undertaken for LHC which will be pursued. Additionally, new developments are proposed to benefit LHC upgrade and CLIC. Scientific outcomes will be supported by equipments to be funded by the EQUIPEX HoMe program.
  

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  Solid state amplifiers: Ability to reach 300 kW peak and 30 kW average
  
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  Crab cavities: Reach targeted performances: very high electric field, quality factor, high order modes
  
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  Cryogenics : Robustness, cold temperature stabilisation, pulsed heat loads management and minimization of the energy consumption of refrigerators
  
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  Reach high polarization (>85%) for high bunch charge operation with CLIC stability and reliability requirements
  
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  Reach stabilization at a subnanometer scale in an accelerator environment
  

Work Program

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  Task 1: Towards LHC luminosity upgrade
  

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  Subtask 1.1: Solid state RF amplifiers: Assembly and test of a power unit (300 kW, 100% duty cycle, solid state, 350 or 700 MHz).
  
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  Subtask 1.2: Crab cavities: Construction of a prototype conventional cavity (2012-2014) and installation on LHC (2014-2015) at the IR4 point. The second step will be the development of compact cavities (final installation 2018-2020).
  
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  Subtask 1.3: Advanced control system of a large refrigerator coupled to the cryogenic distribution system : (2014-2016) This subtask will be included in the current general research program performed at INAC/SBT about this item. The work to be performed deal with a new improved methodology for controlling cryogenic refrigerators and the development of a new method for controlling the cryogenic distribution system.
  

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  Subtask 1.4: Cooling of the inner triplets for LHC upgrade (2011-2013): Numerical simulations and analysis of different cooling solutions. Experimental validation could be performed on the existing supercritical loop coupled with 400W 1.8K cryogenic test facility at INAC/SBT
  

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  Task 2: Contribution to CLIC
  

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  Subtask 2.1: Beam diagnostics: In 2011, a concept of the beam diagnostics electronics should be available. The study and definition of an industrialization scheme for the thousands of instruments that will be needed for CLIC.
  
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  Subtask 2.2: Nanometre stabilisation: The nanometre size beams can only interact in the collision point if the accelerator components are stabilized to the sub-nanometre level. Provide the stabilization system that has to be compact, measure the nanometre, in a low frequency range (0.1-100Hz), that are radiation hard and can perform in a magnetic field.
  
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  Subtask 2.3: Polarized electron source Polarized electron beams dedicated to CLIC physics require specific GaAs photocathodes in an ultra high vacuum environment. LPSC is proposing to build a test stand dedicated to photocathode characterization, capable of measuring quantum efficiency and beam polarization.
  

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  More efficient ways and techniques for calculating scattering amplitudes and hence predictions for the LHC
  
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  Construction of Models for the New Physics
  
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  Usage of dualities and exploitation of integrabilities outside the realm of particle physics, opening up to condensed matter for example.
  
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  Strengthening research in superstrings and addressing the issue of gravity at the quantum level as well as applications to new physics model building at the electroweak scale.. At the same development in Loop Quantum Gravity should be addressed.
  

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  Discovery of dual conformal symmetry of multi-loop integrals in gluon scattering amplitudes.
  
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  Discovery of the weak-coupling duality between maximally helicity violating gluon scattering amplitudes and light-like polygonal Wilson loops.
  
• 
  Derivation of dual conformal symmetry Ward identities for Wilson loops and amplitudes
  
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  Confirmation of the Wilson loop/amplitude duality for 6 gluons at two loops.
  
• 
  Discovery of dual superconformal symmetry of scattering amplitudes in N=4 SYM
  
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  Construction of all tree amplitudes in N=4 SYM.
  
• 
  Using supersymmetric BCFW recursion rules, the amplitudes for an arbitrary number of particles and of all types were constructed and their dual superconformal symmetry was demonstrated.
  
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  Discovery of a Yangian symmetry of scattering amplitudes in N=4 SYM. This symmetry is exact for all tree amplitudes, but it is broken by loop corrections. Understanding the breaking mechanism is a major challenge at present.
  

• 
  The project is truly ambitious since the aim is to find exact solutions to gauge theories which are after all the pillars of, for example, LHC physics. It draws from quite a few complementary approaches: Wilson loops, dual conformal supersymmetry, correspondence AdS/CFT, integrable systems and exact derivation of the anomalous dimension.
  

• 
  The team in Annecy is leading the way in the exploitation of N=4 Super-Yang Mills for the construction of a paradigm that would allow a simplification of the calculation of scattering amplitudes that will lead to direct application for the LHC. It is also a lucky strike that the mathematical physics team of LAPTh has also experts in integrable systems. The discovery of a Yangian structure calls for a closer collaboration within LAPTh putting it at the leading edge. Moreover the particle physics group has been among the leaders in multi-leg one-loop calculations and can therefore contribute to this very ambitious program. There are very few places in the World where such a gathering of know how drawing from seemingly diverse disciplines meets. The breakthrough achieved by the LAPTh team has, very recently, spurred a flurry of activity in a few centres of excellence such the IAS, Princeton. We do hope that our project will help strengthen our teams.
  
• 
  Some applications to other domains in condensed matter physics are also foreseen. This line of research may therefore turn out to be truly multi-disciplinary.
  

Work Program

• 
  Task 1: Examine the recent proposal for a modification of the light-like Wilson loop which incorporates helicity.
  
• 
  Task 2: Investigate the twistor properties of the amplitudes/Wilson loops.
  
• 
  Task 3: Search for higher symmetries andintegrability.
  
• 
  Task 4: Try to understand the breakdown of ordinary conformal symmetry by infrared singularities.
  
• 
  Task 5: Investigate the dual conformal symmetry of the scattering amplitudes in the non-planar sector.
  
• 
  Task 6: Look for possible scattering amplitude/Wilson loop dualities in gauge theories with less supersymmetry
  
• 
  Task 7: Try to find infrared safe observables and investigate what constraints the dual conformal and other symmetries impose on them.
  
• 
  Task 8: Adapt the solution of the supersymmetric BCFW recursion relations for tree amplitudes to the QCD model and automate the procedure in the form of a computer code.
  
• 
  Task 9: Exploit our know-how in integrable systems to express the dilatation operator appearing in the AdS/CFT correspondence.
  
• 
  Task 10: Non-perturbative effects in the phenomenology of D brane models related to supersymmetric extensions of the MSSM.
  
• 
  Task 11: Relations with F-theory and implications for F-theory phenomenology