Leafcutter and Mason Bees: a Biological Catalogue of the Genus Megachile of the Neotropics Anthony Raw
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- Subgenus Leptorachis Mitchell
Subgenus Gronoceras CockerellGronoceras Cockerell 1907: 65. Type species: Megachile wellmani Cockerell 1907: 66-67 (= Megachile bombiformis Gerstaecker). Original designation. Megachile subgenus Gronoceras Mitchell 1943b: 671. Gronoceras Cockerell 1935: 1. Chalicodoma subgenus Gronoceras Michener 1962: 20. Mitchell 1980: 30. Gronoceras is an African subgenus comprising 24 species. There is one report of an introduction to the New World which Professor Mitchell considered doubtful (pers. comm.). Megachile (Gronoceras) felina (Gerstaecker) Megachile felina Gerstaecker 1857. Female. Type locality: Mossambique. Megachile (Megachile) felina Friese 1909b: 347 (D). Megachile gnathocera Stadelmann 1897: 26. Synonymy of Friese 1909b: 347. Gronoceras felina Cockerell 1933b: 130. Megachile (Gronoceras) felina Mitchell 1943b: 671 (D). Chalicodoma (Gronoceras) felina Pasteels 1965: 527-529 (D, R- FM). ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Cockerell 1935: 3 (D). DISTRIBUTION. The species is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. There is also one doubtful report of it from Jamaica. Professor Mitchell mentioned that the species had been collected there, but later (pers. comm. 1973) he considered this record to be erroneous.
There are at present 38 species in the subgenus distributed throughout the neotropics. One species is West Indian. The type species reaches U.S.A.
Megachile aetheria Mitchell 1930: 229-230. Male. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4152. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) aetheria Mitchell 1934: 302. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Moure 1942: 309 (D); 1948: 325 (K). Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG; MT- Chapada dos Guimarães, Salobra; PR; RS; SP.
Megachile angularis Mitchell 1930: 234-235. Female. Type locality: Label illegible. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Leptorachis) angularis Mitchell 1934: 302. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: RS.
Megachile laeta anisitsi Schrottky 1908: 237-238. Female. Type locality: Asunción, Paraguay (Anisits). Type repository: MZSP. Examined. Megachile friesei Schrottky 1902: 439 (in part). One of the paratypes of M. friesei Schrottky is a specimen of M. anisitsi Schrottky (Moure 1943: 169-170). Megachile flabellata Vachal 1909: 14. Male. Type locality: Jatahy (Goyaz) [Jataí, Goias, Brazil]. Type repository: Vachal Collection, MNHN. Synonymy of Schrottky 1913a: 173 and Moure 1943: 169. Megachile hilarimorpha Strand 1910: 542. Male. Type locality: Paraguay. Type repository: Synonymy of Schrottky 1920: 21 and Moure 1943: 169. Megachile (Leptorachis) anisitsi Mitchell 1943b: 663. None of the above authors mentions that he had seen the types of the species placed in synonymy and it is doubtful that the specimens had been examined. Moure (1943) considered M. laeta Smith and M. anisitsi Schrottky to be separate species. The species is tentatively placed in this subgenus based on the synonymy suggested by Moure. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Cockerell 1912d: 61 (D). Mitchell 1930: 184 (D as M. hilarimorpha). Moure 1943: 169 (D). Schrottky 1913a: 141 (K), 173-174 (D, R-FM); 1920: 22-23 (R- FM). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: GO- Jataí; MS- Corumbá, Pedra Branca; MT- Bodoquena, Chapada dos Guimarães; PR- Curitiba, Paraná; RJ- Itatiaia; RO- Porto Velho; SP- Batatais (860m), Franca, Rio Claro. PARAGUAY.
Megachile aureiventris Schrottky 1902: 441. Female. Type locality: Jundiahy, S. Paulo [state], Brazil, 1897 (Schrottky). Type repository: MZSP. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) aureiventris Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Graf 1967a: 127-130 (M); 1967b: 131-133 (M). Moure 1948: 326 (K). Schrottky 1913a: 141 & 144 (K), 175 (D, R-F). RAW. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: DF- Brasilia, Planaltina; MG; PR; RS; SP- Campinas, Ipiranga, Jundiaí. MORPHOLOGY. Anatomy of head glands.
Megachile (Leptorachis) bridarollii Moure 1947: 234-235. Male. Type locality: Rio Carapari/ Carapan ?, Salta, Argentina, 22 Jan 1945 (G. Williner). Type repository: cited as Colegio Máximo de San José, but it is in UFPR. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ST.
Megachile capra Schrottky 1913a: 214-215. Male. Type locality: Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil, January 1900. Type repository: MZSP. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) capra Mitchell 1943b: 663. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP.
Megachile chrysophila Cockerell 1896: 284-285. Female. Type locality: San Rafael, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 20 June. Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) chrysophila Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). Cockerell 1912b: 25 (D). DISTRIBUTION. GUATEMALA: Antigua. MEXICO: TA; VC.
Megachile colombiana Mitchell 1930: 227-229. Male. Type locality: Cerro Patron, Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia (4000 ft), 12 September 1927 (Salt). Type repository: NHML 17a2478. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) colombiana Mitchell 1934: 302. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Moure 1948: 325 (K). DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: Magdalena- Cerro Patron, Rio Frio (4000 ft); Mount San Lorenzo, Santa Marta (4500 ft).
Pseudocentron (Grafella) crotalariae Schwimmer in Mitchell 1980: 82-86. Female. Type locality: Vila Velha [Paraná] Brazil, 30 November 1965 (T. B. Mitchell and V. Graf). Type repository: USNM. Examined. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: PR; SR.
Megachile curta Cresson 1865: 178-179. Male. Type locality: Cuba. Type repository: GCH. Megachile curta var. tibialis Cresson 1869: 296. Female. Type locality: Cuba. Type repository: GCH. Megachile salti Mitchell 1927a: 51-54. Female. Type locality: Soledad, Cuba, 25 May 1925 (G. Salt). Type repository: MCZ 15706. Examined. Synonymy of Genaro 1998: 151 (D). Megachile (Leptorachis) curta Mitchell 1934: 302. Megachile (Leptorachis) salti Raw 2002 #7: 15. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alayo 1976: 23 (D). Ashmead 1900: 302 (D). Fox 1891: 346 (D, R-FM). Genaro 1998: 151 (D). Gowdey 1926: 99 (D). Gundlach 1886: 163-164 (D). DISTRIBUTION. CUBA: Oriente and west of island (rare). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. JAMAICA: AW; PO. MEXICO: QR. This is a rather small species. The apical margin of the clypeus bears a small median tooth like some Pseudocentron species. The apical tooth of the mandible is rather wide and near the Acentron type. The allotype male of M. salti was collected at Mina Carlota, Trinidad Mountains, Cuba. The apical spur of its mid tibia is near the normal size, but is curved. The subgeneric placement of this species is not easy but, it is probably a Leptorachis species.
Megachile emendata Mitchell 1930: 236-237. Female. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4154. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) emendata Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MT.
Megachile (Leptorachis) falcidentata Moure and Silveira 1992: 177-180. Type locality: Amazonas, Brazil. Type repository: . DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM.
Megachile friesei Schrottky 1902: 439-440. Female. Type locality: Jundiay, S. Paulo, Brazil, 1900 (M. Beron). Type repository: MZSP. Megachile helicitarsis Schrottky 1913a: 206-207. Male. Type locality: Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil, 25 January 1900. Type repository: MZSP. Synonymy of Schrottky 1920: 23. Megachile (Leptorachis) friesei Mitchell 1943b: 663. One of the paratypes of M. friesei Schrottky is a specimen of M. (Leptorachina) anisitsi Schrottky (Moure 1943: 169- 170). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1916: 297 (D- misdetermination ?). Moure 1941: 92-3 (D, R-M); 1948: 325 (K). Schrottky 1913a: 141 (K), 148 (K as M. helicitarsis). Urban 1963: 21-29 (M). RAW collection. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: DF- Brasilia, Planaltina; GO- Goias; MG; SP. PARAGUAY. (COSTA RICA misdetermination ?). FLOWERS. Crotalaria paulina. MORPHOLOGY. Thoracic musculature.
Megachile hoffmanseggiae var. hypoleuca Cockerell 1927b: 395. Female. Type locality: La Rioja, Argentina (Giacoxelli). Type repository: USNM 55483. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) hypoleuca Raw 2002 #7: 15. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: LR.
Megachile immanis Mitchell 1930: 230-231. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Leptorachis) immanis Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA.
Megachile inconstans Mitchell 1930: 233-234. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Leptorachis) inconstans Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA.
Megachile indigoferae Mitchell 1930: 221. Female. Type locality: Rio Frio, Magdalena, Colombia, 1 January 1927 (Salt). Type repository: NHML 17a2407. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) indigoferae Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: Magdalena.
Megachile intergradus Mitchell 1928: 339-344. Female. Type locality: Corumbá, Brazil, April (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4107. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) intergradus Mitchell 1943b: 663. Moure (1943: 169) considered this species to be a synonym of Megachile anisitsi. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Mitchell 1928: 339 (D); 1930: 184 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Buenavista (450m). BRAZIL: MS- Corumbá, Pedra Branca; MT- Chapada dos Guimarães. MORPHOLOGY. Intersexes.
Megachile laeta Smith 1853: 186. Female. Type locality: Brazil, Rio Tapajoz (H. W. Bates). Type repository: NHML 17a2432. Examined. Pseudocentron (Leptorachina) laeta Mitchell 1980: 56. Megachile (Leptorachis) laeta Michener 2000: 559. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Alfken 1930: 10 (D); Graf 1967a: 127- 130 (M); 1967b: 131-133 (M). RAW collection. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM- Apipica; BA; DF- Brasilia, Planaltina; GO- Goias; MG; PA- Tapajos; SP. MORPHOLOGY. Anatomy of head glands.
Megachile lorenziensis Mitchell 1930: 184-185. Female. Type locality: Mount San Lorenzo, Santa Marta, Colombia, 4500ft. 1 January 1923 (M. A. Carriker). Type repository: NHML 17a2466. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) lorenziensis Mitchell 1943b: 663. Mitchell used lorensiensis in his description and lorenziensis in his key. As first reviser (1943) he used lorenziensis for this species. DISTRIBUTION. COLOMBIA: Cincinnati, Santa Marta (2500 ft).
Megachile luteipes Friese 1908a: 69. Male. Type locality: Mendoza, Argentina, November. Type repository: ? Megachile (Leptorachis) luteipes Raw 2002 #7: 15. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1908a: 64 (K). Jörgensen 1909: 215 (D, F, L); 1912a: 134 (K). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: ME- Chacras de Coria; Pedregal. FLOWERS. Hoffmannseggia falcata. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly in November and December.
Megachile numerus Mitchell 1930: 235-236. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Mitchell cites the Meyer collection, but a female at USNM (58068 ?) is labelled type. Megachile (Leptorachis) numerus Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA.
Megachile paranensis Schrottky 1913a: 215-216. Male. Type locality: Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay. Type repository: MZSP ? Megachile (Leptorachis) paranensis Moure 1942: 308-309 (D). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Michener 1954: 100 (D, L). Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: BA; MS; MT- Salobra. PARAGUAY. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly in April.
Megachile parata Mitchell 1930: 231-232. Female. Type locality: Buenavista, Bolivia. Type repository: Meyer. Megachile (Leptorachis) parata Mitchell 1934: 302. DISTRIBUTION. BOLIVIA.
Megachile paulistana Schrottky 1902: 440-441. Female. Type locality: São Paulo [state], Brazil. Type repository: MZSP. Examined. [Type is missing right antenna and right fore leg.] Megachile subita Mitchell 1930: 232-233. Female. Type locality: Chapada [dos Guimarães, MT], Brazil (H. H. Smith). Type repository: ANSP 4153. Examined. Synonymy of Mitchell 1943b: 663. Megachile (Leptorachis) paulistana Mitchell 1943b: 663. Schrottky (1913a: 215-216) believed M. paranensis Schrottky to be the male of this species. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ihering 1904: 469-470 (N). Michener 1954: 100 (D, L). Moure 1941: 94 (R-F); 1948: 325-326 (K). Schrottky 1913a: 143 (K), 184-185 (D, R-F); 1913b: 247 (D). RAW. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: BA; DF- Brasilia; MG; MT; RN; RS; SP- Campinas, Ipiranga, Itú, Jundiaí, São José do Rio Pardo. PANAMA: Panamá- Chilibre, Tocumen. PARAGUAY. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly November to May. NESTING. Nest of rolled leaves among books in a library.
Megachile perochracea Cockerell 1913: 369-370. Female. Type locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador (Buchwald). Type repository: USNM 18387. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) perochracea Raw 2002 #7: 15. DISTRIBUTION. ECUADOR.
Megachile petulans Cresson 1878: 127. Male. Type locality: North Carolina (Morrison). Type repository: ANSP 2451. Examined. Megachile mexicana Cresson 1878: 127-128. Female ? Type locality: Mexico (Sumichrast). Type repository: ANSP 2427. Synonymy of Mitchell 1937b: 59. Megachile (Leptorachis) petulans Mitchell 1934: 306. Megachile mexicanum Schwarz 1934: 19 (emendation). ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). Cockerell 1914c: 362 (D). Cresson 1916: 127 (T), 1916: 123 as M. mexicana (type as female ?); 1932: 14 (D). Graenicher 1930: 163 (D, F, L). Hurd 1979: 2068 (D, F). Michener 1954: 101 (D, L). Mitchell 1937b: 59-63 (D, F, L, R-FM); 1962: 163-165 (D, F, L, R-FM). Moure 1948: 325 (K). Robertson 1902: 49 (R-F); 1903: 172-173 (K). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: YU- Chichenitza. PANAMA: Barro Colorado. U.S.A.: NJ west to ND, NB, south to FL, AZ. FLOWERS. Polylectic; visits 59 genera, especially of Compositae, Leguminosae and Labiatae. In U.S.A:- Achillea, Apocynum, Asclepias, Aster, Baptisia, Bidens leucantha, Blephilia, Brauneria, Buddleia, Campanula rotundifolia, Cassia, Cephalanthus, Chamaechrista, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Cicuta, Cirsium, Coreopsis stellata, Crotalaria, Desmodium, Eryngium, Flaveria, Galactia, Gerardia, Grindelia, Helenium, Helianthus atrorubens, Houstonia purpurea, Hydrolea, Hypericum, Hyptis, Ilex, Koellia, Lespedeza repens, Liatris, Lobelia, Ludwigia, Lycopus, Lythrum, Melanthera parvifolia, Melilotus alba, Nepeta, Pastinaca, Phaseolus lunatus, Poinsettia cyathophora, Polygonum, Psoralea, Pycnanthemum, Rhododendron, Rhus, Rubus, Rudbeckia, Sabal palmetta, Senecio, Silphium, Solidago, Strophostyles, Tephrosia, Trifolium, Verbena, Verbesina, Vernonia blodgettii, V. glauca, Vicia. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly from May to September in northern parts of its range and throughout the year in southern Florida and Panamá.
Megachile (Leptorachis) phaseoli Moure 1977: 21-22. Female. Type locality: Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil. 5.4.1974 (V. O. Becker). Type repository: UFPR. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. RAW. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: DF- Brasilia, Planaltina; MT- Vale dos Sonhos, Xavantina; GO; MG- Sete Lagoas. Although this species was described from Minas Gerais State, it is more common in Goias and Mato Grosso where it largely replaces M. aureiventris. The females of the two species are very similar but the males are more easily separated (Raw, pers. obs).
Megachile portalis Cockerell 1913: 370-371. Female. Type locality: Guayaquil, Ecuador (Buchwald). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) portalis Mitchell 1943b: 663. The enlarged apical tooth of the mandible of the type is similar to Acentron making this a borderline species between the two subgenera. DISTRIBUTION. ECUADOR: Guayaquil.
Megachile propinqua Smith 1879: 74-75. Female. Type locality: Ega [Tefé,] Tapajos and Tunantins [Brazil]. Type repository: NHML 17a2666. Examined. The specimen is labelled proxima Smith and, presumably, Smith changed the published name to avoid synonymy with M. proxima Smith 1870: 177 from India [= Chalicodoma (Pseudomegachile) lanata (F)]. Megachile (Leptorachis) propinqua Raw 2002: #7: 15. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Alfken 1930: 11 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: AM-Tunantins; BA-Iguaçú (300 km W Salvador), R. Paraguaçu; PA-Tapajos.
Megachile (Leptorachis) psenopogoniaea Moure 1948: 326-327. Male. Type locality: Batatais, SP (P. F. S. Pereira) and Vila-Ema, SP (A. A. Barbiellini) [Brazil] March 1943. Type repository: UFPR. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: SP.
Megachile quadrata Vachal 1909: 5. Male. Type locality: Buenos Aires [Argentina] 9 December 1900. Type repository: Vachal Collection, MNHN. Megachile (Leptorachis) quadrata Moure 1948: 322. DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: BA.
Megachile rava Vachal 1908: 235. Female. Type locality: Santa Cruz, Brazil. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. The metasoma of a Cressoniella is glued to the type ! Megachile (Leptorachis) rava Raw 2002 #7: 15. DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL.
Megachile (Leptorachis) rubricrus Moure 1948: 323-325. Male. Type locality: Bodoquena, MT, Brazil (Oct 1943), Rio Claro, SP, Brazil (Nov 1943) and Tacanas, Tucuman, Argentina (Jan 1947). Type repository: MZSP. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA: SA- Rosario de Lerma; TU. BRAZIL: MS; MT- Bodequena; SP- Rio Claro. PARAGUAY: San Pedro- Cororo, Rio Ypune.
Megachile schmidti Friese 1916: 343. Male. Type locality: San José, Costa Rica (Schmidt). Type repository: ? Megachile (Leptorachis) schmidti Mitchell 1943b: 663. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Friese 1921: 80 (D). Michener 1954: 100 (D, L). DISTRIBUTION. COSTA RICA. PANAMA: Chiriquí- Potrerillos. LIFE HISTORY. Adults fly in May.
Megachile separata Schrottky 1913a: 186. Female. Type locality: Rincão, SP, Brazil. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile (Leptorachis) separata Moure 1945: 413. Moure (1943: 187) considered this to be a synonym of M. paulistana Schrottky 1902. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE. Moure 1941: 94 (R-F). DISTRIBUTION. ARGENTINA. BRAZIL: SP- Franca, Rincão. URUGUAY.
Megachile tenuitarsis Schrottky 1920: 25-26. Sex ? Type locality: Campinas, SP, Brazil. Type repository: MZSP. Megachile (Leptorachis) tenuitarsis Moure 1944a: 16. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES. Moure 1948: 325 (K). Schrottky 1920: 201. Silveira et al 2002: 213 (D). DISTRIBUTION. BRAZIL: MG; RS; SP.
Megachile zexmeniae Cockerell 1912b: 24-25. Female. Type locality: Quirigua, Guatemala at Zexmenia virgulta Klatt (W.P. Cockerell). Type repository: AMNH. Examined. Megachile (Leptorachis) zexmeniae Ayala et al 1997: 455 (D). DISTRIBUTION. MEXICO: CP. GUATEMALA. Download 0.92 Mb. Share with your friends:
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