Relevant Provisions of the Iceland Act on the Equal Status and Equal Rights of Women and Men SECTION I Aim and Scope of this Act Art. 1 The aim of this Act is to establish and maintain equal status and equal opportunities for women and men, and thus promote gender equality in all spheres of the society. All individuals shall have equal opportunities to benefit from their own enterprise and to develop their skills irrespective of gender. This aim shall be reached by: a. gender mainstreaming in all spheres of the society, b. working on the equal influence of women and men in decision-making and policy-making in the society, c. enabling both women and men to reconcile their occupational and family obligations, d. improving especially the status of women and increasing their opportunities in the society, e. increasing education in matters of equality, f. analysing statistics according to sex. g. increasing research in gender studies.
Relevant Provisions of the Canadian Human Rights Act
1985
3. (1) For all purposes of this Act, the prohibited grounds of discrimination are race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, disability and conviction for which a pardon has been granted.
16. (1) It is not a discriminatory practice for a person to adopt or carry out a special program, plan or arrangement designed to prevent disadvantages that are likely to be suffered by, or to eliminate or reduce disadvantages that are suffered by, any group of individuals when those disadvantages would be based on or related to the prohibited grounds of discrimination, by improving opportunities respecting goods, services, facilities, accommodation or employment in relation to that group.
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Section 15 of the Canadian Charter
Section 15 2) states: Every individual is equal before the law and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination and, in particular, without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, sex, age, or mental or physical disability.”
Section 15 (2) states: “Subsection (1) does not preclude any law, program or activity that has as its object the amelioration of conditions of disadvantaged individuals or groups including those that are disadvantaged because of race, national origin, color, religion, sex, age or mental or physical disability.”
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Relevant Provisions of the Denmark Act on Gender Equality
Part 1
Purpose of the Act
1. The purpose of this Act is to promote gender equality, including equal integration, equal influence and Gender Equality in all functions in society on the basis of women's and men's equal status. The purpose of the Act is also to counteract direct and indirect discrimination on the ground of gender and to counteract sexual harassment.
Measures to promote gender equality
3. - (1) Irrespective of the provision laid down in section 2, a minister may within his or her portfolio permit measures to promote gender equality which aim at preventing or redressing discrimination on the ground of gender.
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Relevant Provisions of the Japan
The Basic Law for a Gender-equal Society (Law No. 78 of 1999)
(Compatibility of Activities in Family Life and Other Activities)
Article 6
Formation of a Gender-equal Society shall be promoted so that women and men can perform their roles smoothly as household members in home-related activities, including child-raising and nursing of family members through mutual cooperation and social support, and can thus perform activities other than these.
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Article 2 (1) of the binding European Council Directive: “The Principle of equal treatment shall mean that there shall be on discrimination whatsoever on grounds of sex either directly or indirectly by reference in particular to marital or family status.
Article 2 (4) states: “This Directive shall be without prejudice to measure to promote equal opportunity for men and women, in particular by removing existing inequalities which affect women’s opportunities.”
An additional paragraph was added to the European Community Treaty: “With a view to ensuring full equality in practice between men and women in working life, the principle of equal treatment shall not prevent any Member State from maintaining or adopting measures providing for specific advantages in order to make it easier for the underrepresented sex to pursuer a vocational activity, or to prevent or compensate for disadvantages in professional careers.”
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