Motor Connections/Environment Interactions: Ex. Mecanum Wheels
What your motors are connected to can also greatly influence your overall torque and speed requirements. Whether it be the variable distance that force may be externally applied to a robotic arm, the variety of surfaces the motor must spin against (perhaps gravel vs. mud vs. concrete), or the various mechanical stages between your motor and its target actuation point along with each of those stages’ inefficiencies, all of these circumstances and the special effects/dynamics that your system exerts upon your motor must be considered before moving forward (no pun intended).
As an example, all of the equations up to this point have been relating to a standard four wheeled vehicle accelerating in a longitudinal direction. However, the ModBot utilizes mecanum wheels to allow the robot to move in any direction. The geometric relationship of the wheels allows the robot to go faster in one direction than others and hence adds additional influence on the speed and torque requirements.
Going back to the original system level performance requirements, the ModBot’s target velocity and acceleration are 1 m/s and 2 m/s2, respectively. In order to account for the geometric relationship of the mecanum wheels, the target velocity and acceleration must be increased by a factor of 0.66, i.e. in order for the mecanum wheel ModBot to go 1 m/s in its slowest direction, it must be able to go 1 m/s divided by 0.66 in its fastest direction.3 This is due to a number of factors: the arrangement of the wheels, the way the wheels’ slanted rollers push on the floor, and the fact that the coefficient of friction in the lateral direction (strafing) can be different than the longitudinal direction (forward/backward). Taking into account the 0.66 factor, below are the updated equations for the ModBot. For more on mecanum wheels, see Appendix A.
You now have:
The updated desired wheel operational speed,
The updated required torque target from the corresponding acceleration target at that operational speed,
Confirmation that the torque target will not cause wheel slip,
In the next section, you will use these values to evaluate whether a certain motor meets your needs. Every motor is only able to safely produce a certain range of speed and torque outputs; you can use your speed and torque requirements to determine if a possible motor may be an acceptable choice.
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