Closure leads to periareolar wrinkling and pleating. This usually resolves over a period of a few months
Disadvantages: areolar widening and distortion (30-40% initially)
introduction of the purse-string technique with a non-absorbable Gore-Tex suture significantly reduced areolar and scar widening (Benelli round block suture allows the formation of a circular fibrous tissue layer around the nipple-areola complex that prevents spreading of the scar)
to minimize tension and wrinkling, it is important to limit the size of the outer diameter to three times that of the inner diameter (Spears)
most useful for mild to moderate ptosis- N-IMC distance < 7-8 cm
Addition of glandular suspension techniques reduces or eliminates the reliance on the skin envelope for suspension, thereby improving long-term results.
The vertical scar techniques provide the most flexibility for augmentation ptosis.
