Experimental Aviation Association - Mr. Harger (Government Advocacy Specialist, EAA)

1. 
   EAA represents aviation enthusiasts, home-built operators with about 185,000 members and over 1,000 chapters worldwide.
   
2. 
   ADS-B is a concern with most EAA members operating below the 10,000 MSL ADS-B cutoff altitude.
   
   • 
     There is a lot of doubt ADS-B operations
     
   • 
     The Cost is very high and a major concern
     
   • 
     EAA focuses on the fun of aviation and has about a 50% member overlap with AOPA
     
   • 
     EAA does not have a government advocacy program such as AOPA has.
     
   • 
     General Harris suggested that the ARC incorporate the local EAA chapters into airspace proposals and ARC meetings.
     

9. 
   MQ-1 Predator Warfighter Brief - Lt Col Steinbicker (178 OSS/XP, Springfield, OH)
   
   1. 
      Remotely Piloted Aircraft Significance
      
      • 
        Operations have grown rapidly from 83,000 flight hours in 2007 to over 220,000 hours in 2011.
        
      • 
        Predator units always support the Joint Force Commander
        
   2. 
      Capabilities
      
      • 
        MQ-1 is similar in size to a Cessna 172 with a max altitude of 25,000 ft. MSL and a payload of 300 lbs
        
        • 
          Max Speed of 120 knots and 24 hours endurance
          
      • 
        MQ-9 is similar in size to an A-10 with a max altitude of 50,000 ft. MSL and a payload of 3,000 lbs
        
        • 
          Max Speed of 240 knots and 18 hours endurance
          
      • 
        Communications
        
        • 
          Sense and Avoid (man in the loop) systems
          
        • 
          Radio, Telephone and internet Chat
          
      • 
        Sensors: Electro-Optical and Infrared with laser system and IR pointer
        
   3. 
      Limitations
      
      • 
        Single Airborne Radio (UHF/VHF/FM)
        
      • 
        Lack of See and Avoid capability
        
      • 
        Limited Weather Operations
        
      • 
        Limited Divert Capability (dependent of Launch and Recovery element)
        
   4. 
      Lost Link
      
      • 
        It does not happen very often - it is very reliable
        
      • 
        We can handoff control to another control station if we have to evacuate.
        
      • 
        automatic if control link is broken
        
      • 
        commanded if needed and the RPA will have a planned crash
        
   5. 
      Accomplishments
      
      • 
        Over 1 Million Combat Hours Flown
        
      • 
        Very Low safety incident rates
        
      • 
        Outstanding Combat Capability
        
      • 
        Reliable Humanitarian Support
        

1. 
   Session Wrap up - Lt Col Steinbicker
   
   1. 
      Everyone was invited to dinner arranged at the “German Haus” Restaurant
      
   2. 
      ‘No Host’ Social to follow dinner at “The Runway’s Edge” the Volk Field Club for an informal opportunity to meet with attendees.
      
1. 
   
   
2. 
   MANAGEMENT SESSION FOR MAY 28 ADJOURNED AT 5:00 PM
   
3. 
   
   
4. 
   MANAGEMENT SESSION RESUMED MAY 29 AT 8:00 AM
   
5. 
   
   
   1. 
      Welcome to the Management Session - Colonel Baker opened the morning session by welcoming everyone back for the second day.
      
      1. 
         ARC Meeting Locations: A discussion concerning where to host the 2015 ARC included:
         
         • 
           The preferred location would be at an FCC Air Traffic Control Center
           
         • 
           The ARTCCs may not have sufficient conference space to host the meeting within the Center Facility
           
         • 
           The Central Service Area will be in a new office in the fall of 2015 and after that time would have sufficient room to host the ARC.
           
         • 
           Hosting the ARC at Ft. Worth Center along with the Center Service Area is possible.
           

2. 
   National Park Service - Overflights Issues - Ms. Ward (Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division)
   
   1. 
      History of NPS and Overflights
      
      • 
        1872 Yellowstone National Park is established – America’s first national park (and first national park in the world!)
        
      • 
        Trivia question: What agency managed Yellowstone until 1918?
        
      • 
        1903 World’s first successful airplane flight
        
      • 
        1908 - Grand Canyon National Monument established
        
      • 
        1916 National Park Service established to protect park resources unimpaired for future generations
        
      • 
        1927 – first commercial air tour over Grand Canyon
        
      • 
        1949 President Truman issues executive order restricting aircraft below 4,000 AGL over the Boundary Waters Canoe Area
        
   2. 
      More Overflights History
      
      • 
        1987 Overflights Act – mandate to restore natural quiet at Grand Canyon National Park
        
      • 
        1995 Report to Congress on the Effects of Aircraft Overflights on the National Park System
        
      • 
        2000 National Parks Air Tour Management Act
        
      • 
        2002 US Air Force and National Park Service Sourcebook
        
        • 
          It still has a lot of good information about the two agencies.
          
        • 
          Want to update the collaborative information.
          
        • 
          http://www.nature.nps.gov/sound/resources.cfm
          
        • 
          NPS now has a brochure on peace and quiet.
          
      • 
        In 2012 NPS accepted an agreement to work with air tour operators and FAA to coordinate flight plans
        
   3. 
      NPS Organizational Structure
      
      • 
        Over 400 park units
        
      • 
        Director – appointed by the President
        
      • 
        7 Regional offices
        
        • 
          The NPS Midwest Region with a Regional Office in Omaha is the same as the ARC's Central Great Lakes region plus Arkansas.
          
        • 
          The NPS Intermountain Region with an office in Santa Fe includes New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas of the ARC's Southwest Region.
          
      • 
        Park superintendents report to Regional Director
        
      • 
        Park superintendent is the equivalent of an installation commander
        
      • 
        Washington or Regional support offices provide services or resource expertise not available at parks
        
   4. 
      Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division
      
      • 
        Overflights Program – Provide technical support and advice to park managers
        
        • 
          Air Tour Management
          
        • 
          Airport Enhancement Projects
          
        • 
          Next Gen Airspace Design
          
        • 
          Military Liaison – low level flights, airspace proposals
          
        • 
          Technical Assistance – acoustic monitoring
          
        • 
          Aircraft Noise Modeling
          
        • 
          Unmanned Aerial Systems (drones) – policy and use by NPS or by park visitors, e.g. “A Boy and His Drone”. Parks are trying to protect the visitor experience. the NPS is working on a policy.
          
   5. 
      Military Liaison
      
      • 
        Promote early cooperation with NPS during scoping and pre-NEPA project planning
        
      • 
        Work with parks to identify issues with military actions and develop approach for resolving issues at the local level
        
      • 
        Promote building relationships with military services
        
      • 
        The Cheyenne MOA is a good example of working early with the military to resolve issues with
        
   6. 
      Regional Projects
      
      • 
        Powder River Training Complex/Ellsworth AFB – negotiated avoidance of Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument
        
      • 
        White Sands National Monument –
        
        • 
          NPS cooperating agency with Holloman AFB on EA for conversion to F-16s
          
        • 
          Portions of monument closes during missile tests at White Sands Missile Range
          
   7. 
      Airport Enhancement/Airspace Design
      
      • 
        Denver Area / Rocky Mountain National Park: The FAA made an agreement to move the path to reduce the noise impact over the wilderness areas within the park. Placing the route over the existing highway mitigated the noise impact on park visitors.
        
        • 
          FAA came to the NPS very early in the EIS process for Denver.
          
        • 
          The ARCs are helpful in getting a heads up on new proposals
          
   8. 
      Questions:
      
      • 
        Does the NPS have to consider the military airspace when a creating or making changes to an installation?
        
        • 
          Changes in designation from monument to park require legislative action.
          
        • 
          Ms. Ward did not believe there was a requirement for airspace coordination on installation changes
          
      • 
        Is European style sound monitoring coming to the US?
        
        • 
          Europe is ahead of the US in measuring the impacts on humans. The US is now looking at noise impacts more closely.
          
      • 
        Mr. Stone (Airspace Mgr. AF 28th BW / OSS, Ellsworth AFB, SD) added that through working with the NPS a warning was added to flight restrictions included in the Powder River MOAs requiring all flights to avoid Devil's Tower NM by 5 nautical miles and 18,000 feet.
        
   9. 
      Contact info:
      
      • 
        Email: vicki_ward@nps.gov ,
        
      • 
        Phone: 970-267-2117,
        
      • 
        Web Site: http://www.nature.nps.gov/sound_night/
        

3. 
   BLM/USFS Wilderness Fire Issues - Mr. Rose (BLM/USFS Airspace Coordinator for Ms. Stewart, National Airspace Program Manager)
   
   1. 
      The BLM/USFS Airspace Program began in the 1980's to prevent midair collisions.
      
   2. 
      Mid-Air Avoidance - Ms. Stewart's job is to make sure all fire aviation people are aware of the mid-air hazards. Airspace Coordinators insure the fire, military and civilian aviation is aware of the fire location and activity as well as the establishment of a TFR associated with the fire.
      
   3. 
      2014 Fire Potential - is a concern in the upper Midwest and in east Texas
      
      • 
        Fire activity has already started in the Southern Region.
        
      • 
        And there is a major concern in the draught areas of the pacific coast.
        
   4. 
      US Forest Service Aviation
      
      • 
        Owns and operates 27 aircraft & helicopters
        
      • 
        Contracts with over 800 aircraft & helicopters annually
        
      • 
        Missions Include:
        
        • 
          Fire surveillance
          
        • 
          Aerial reconnaissance
          
        • 
          Air Attack
          
        • 
          Delivery of smokejumpers
          
        • 
          Firefighter and cargo transport
          
        • 
          Aerial delivery of retardant and water
          
      • 
        Natural Resource Management
        
      • 
        Research
        
   5. 
      BLM Aviation Program
      
      • 
        Exclusive-Use Fire Helicopter fleet
        
      • 
        Type II and Type III helicopters
        
      • 
        Single Engine Air Tankers (SEATs)
        
   6. 
      Our Lands (National Forest and BLM land and DoD Special Use Airspace are nearly the same.
      
   7. 
      Every fire can be a unique challenge
      
   8. 
      Certain tools were developed specifically to ENHANCE airspace coordination
      
      • 
        Interagency Airspace Coordination Guide (2003) - will be revised soon
        
      • 
        Interagency Airspace Website - www.airspacecoordination.com
        
        • 
          Links to Interagency Coordination Guide
          
        • 
          FAA
          
        • 
          DoD Airspace Websites
          
        • 
          We use DINS but there are some issues with the website, (No graphics!!)
          
      • 
        1255 National Fire Fighting Transponder Code
        
      • 
        Fire Traffic Areas (FTA) - Similar to Class B airspace with defined altitude separation and radio contract required prior to entry
        
      • 
        Automated Flight Following (AFF.Gov password required for authorized users)
        
        • 
          Valuable in assessing Airspace Usage & Impacts on other National Airspace users
          
      • 
        Google Earth applications
        
        • 
          Benefits of using AFF with Google Earth are valuable with 3D depiction of Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) airspace and fire aircraft.
          
        • 
          3D depiction of Special Use airspace including Military Training Routes (MTRs) with actual route width (boundaries)
          
        • 
          What is the fire doing? (MODIS) provides near real-time infrared heat detection.
          
        • 
          Fire Perimeters that are produced by the fire GIS staff are available with daily updates.
          
      • 
        Airspace Coordinators
        
        • 
          Assist in deconflicting Airspace for Initial Attack
          
        • 
          Assess Fire Perimeters and Develop TFRs for IMTs
          
        • 
          Coordinate/and Consolidate TFRS
          
      • 
        Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) – 14CFR 91.137(a)(2)…
        
        • 
          A “TFR” is a TEMPORARY flight RESTRICTION enacted by the FAA, at the request of a responsible party, in order to enhance aviation safety. Codified in 14CFR 91.137, 14CFR 91.138, 14CFR 91.141, 14CFR 91.143, 14CFR 91.145 and 99.7
          
        • 
          The TFR is the Fire fighting working environment to provide safe environment for operation of disaster relief aircraft.
          
        • 
          91.137 (a) 2 Exceptions
          
          1. 
             Aircraft is participating in relief activities under the direction of the official in charge of on-scene emergency response activities
             
          2. 
             Operating under ATC approved IFR flight plan
             
          3. 
             Law Enforcement Aircraft
             
          4. 
             VFR Airport Traffic
             
          5. 
             Accredited Media
             
      • 
        Computer Based Training (Two Modules)
        
        • 
          A-103 Basic Airspace
          
        • 
          A-203 TFRs and NOTAMs
          
   9. 
      MOUs or LOAs - Fire fighting MOUs with major training area like Edwards and Nellis
      
   10. 
       Special Use Airspace (SUA) consists of Prohibited Areas, Restricted Areas, Military Operations Area, Controlled Firing Areas, Warning Areas, Alert Area, National Security Area and Prohibited Area (PA)
       
       • 
         When viewing all of the special use airspace it is obvious that many wildland fire aviation operations will conflict with some military training airspace.
         
   11. 
       Additional Airspace Complexities that must be considered for Fire Fighting Operations
       
       • 
         Multiple Air Route Traffic Control Centers may be affected
         
       • 
         Victor Airways and Airport Traffic Airspace
         
       • 
         Glider & Parachute Areas
         
       • 
         Smoke Stack Buildings
         
       • 
         Tethered Aerostats – 18 in the US
         
       • 
         Wind Resource Centers
         
         • 
           13,000+ of California’s Wind Turbines are located in three primary regions: Altamont Pass, Tehachapi and San Gorgonio.
           
       • 
         Banner Towing Operations
         
       • 
         Electronic News Gathering (NEHA)
         
   12. 
       Flying Near the Border
       
       • 
         We coordinate all aviation operations near the border with Air and Marine Operations Center (AMOC)
         
   13. 
       Major Migratory Flyways - Bird Damage could be SEVERE!
       
   14. 
       Special Conservation Areas Overflights
       
       • 
         Pilots are requested to maintain a minimum altitude of 2,000 (or 3,000) feet above the surface of: National parks, Monuments, Seashores, Lake shores, Recreation areas, and Scenic river ways
         
   15. 
       How do we organize our Fire Response? Through a systemized Dispatch response which tracks all resources assigned to an incident.
       
       • 
         National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC/NICC) in Boise, ID
         
       • 
         11 Geographical Area Coordination Centers
         
       • 
         Air Operations Organization
         
         • 
           Unit Aviation Officer
           
         • 
           Aircraft Dispatcher
           
         • 
           Airspace Coordinator
           
         • 
           Air Operations Branch Director (AOBD)
           
         • 
           Air Support Group Supervisor (ASGS)
           
         • 
           Air Tactical Group Supervisor (Air Attack)
           
         • 
           Helibase Manager
           
   16. 
       Current airspace issues:
       
       • 
         Monday thru Friday normal work hours are usually not a problem in contacting Military Schedulers.
         
       • 
         But some numbers in FLIPS are out of date!
         
       • 
         Weekends, after hours and Holidays are a major issue in contacting Military Schedulers to confirm active routes
         
       • 
         FAA Website not always current on evenings and weekends.
         
       • 
         TFRs on electronic devices are not always current.
         
   17. 
       Unmanned Aircraft
       
       • 
         UAS will be a game changer but right now we are not using them on fires.
         
       • 
         FS started in UAS Operation in 2004 when a UAS was used in Alaska
         
       • 
         In 2007 Global Hawk type system was evaluated.
         
         • 
           The high altitude operations works well by keeping him outside of the fire traffic aircraft.
           
       • 
         Currently Fire Operations are fine with high altitude assets that operate above FL 180.
         
       • 
         Currently the FAA requires a 48 hour lead on where we operate UAS and we do not know where they will be needed 48 hours ahead.
         
       • 
         The US Forest Service is taking a very conservative approach with an established evaluation of the use and effectiveness of UAS in the fire environment. For the near future UAS operations will not be conducted by the Forest Service.
         
       • 
         The Department of Interior that includes the BLM has established three centers of excellence; Alaska, Boise, and Colorado to evaluate UAS effectiveness. They have flown many flights. There is no effort at this time to begin UAS flight operations on fires.
         
       • 
         In the future we can expect UAS operations associated with fire.
         
       • 
         CAL Fire was the lead for the RIM Fire and there was a lot of coordination.
         
   18. 
       Contact: Julie Stewart, 503-780-0097, j5stewar@blm.gov
       

1. 
   The Requirement for Training - Mr. Hebner (D3 Air and Space Operations - NGB/A3A)
   

1. 
   Why Develop Requirements?
   

• 
  We Didn’t Win World War II Because of Our Blinding Technological Superiority or number of aircraft.
  
• 
  The German Focke-Wulf 190-D was superior to the British Spitfire and every American fighter prior to the P51. The P-51 Mustang entered the war in the final year and it only had a 1,500 foot ceiling altitude advantage.
  
• 
  The German industry was building thousands of aircraft monthly only months before the end of the war.
  
• 
  It was the quality of training that provided the advantage
  
  • 
    Operation Bodenplatte, Jan 1945 was the largest Luftwaffe Operation of the war undone by poor execution and low German pilot skill
    
    1. 
       Allied - 10 killed, 16 shot down uninjured
       
    2. 
       German -143 killed/missing, 70 shot down captured, 21 wounded
       
    3. 
       9 to 1 kill ratio
       
  • 
    Mariana Turkey Shoot, June 1944
    
    1. 
       Battle of the Philippine Sea – the lopsided outcome attributed to improvements in US pilot training and tactics
       
    2. 
       64 to 0 kill ratio in the air
       
  • 
    In Korea - Highly trained American pilots achieved 10-1 kill ratio over the superior Mig 15
    
1. 
   Why Institutionalize Requirements?
   
   • 
     Viet Nam – the kill ration started at 2 to1 – we had to rediscover the same things…
     
     • 
       Report of the Air-to-Air Missile System Capability Review, the “Ault Report” Nov. 1968
       
       1. 
          Training and Readiness – A key issue in this area is the commitment of fighter squadrons to air-to-ground missions in Southeast Asia and the consequent dilution of air-to-air training and readiness.
          
       2. 
          Realization of improved aircrew performance should be possible through…more realistic air combat maneuvering training…
          
2. 
   Validation of Requirements
   
   • 
     The “Ault Report” led to the creation of “Top Gun” and Red Flag with ACMI
     
   • 
     The Kill Ratio at the end of the war had improved to 10 to 1
     
   • 
     The requirement to train as we fight, to use realistic training made the difference.
     
3. 
   What Requirements Bought
   
   • 
     The Defense Science Board Task Force on Training Superiority and Training Surprise, Jan. 2001
     
     • 
       “In the last decade we surprised not only others but ourselves with our warfare proficiency. There is evidence that the culture of our first training revolution is itself trainable. A new enemy might also capitalize on the new training revolution. Training Superiority is ours to lose and for others to gain.”
       
4. 
   Maintaining Requirements in Challenging Fiscal Environments
   
   • 
     Quarterly Defense Review (QDR) – Sept 30, 2001
     
     • 
       The uniquely American Superiority in training is eroding, particularly as evident in the aging infrastructure and instrumentation of U.S. training ranges.
       
   • 
     Defense Planning Document 2004-2009
     
     • 
       Comprehensive and realistic combat training is an asymmetric advantage for US military forces that contribute more to effective combat power than any single new system.
       
5. 
   Why We Still Need to Train to the Most Stringent Requirements
   
   • 
     Cope India ‘04 –
     
     • 
       “the US F-15C’s were defeated more than 90% of the time…” (Feb 26 House Appropriations Subcommittee)
       
     • 
       “Another surprise was the quality of training the Indian Pilots received. USAF fighter pilots log about 250 flight hours a year. The Indian fighter pilots said they’ve been getting as many as 300 flying hours per year and that the majority of those hours were spent in full-up training.
       
     • 
       In most USAF aerial combat training, the service has “dumbed down” adversarial equipment and training to simulate what it believed to be the level of enemy competence.” (Air Force Magazine, July 2004 vol. 87 no. 7)
       
6. 
   Training can be scalable
   
   • 
     In golf:
     
     • 
       sometimes you need the putting green
       
     • 
       Sometimes the driving range
       
     • 
       And sometimes an entire course
       
7. 
   Airspace Requirements Development—The Whole Enchilada and...Scalability
   
   • 
     Sentry Savannah is an example of the graduate level training we need to maintain our combat advantage.
     

Large Force Exercise (LFE)

9. 
   Defending Requirements - “If the minimum wasn’t good enough, it wouldn’t be the minimum” may be accurate for PT and PME Testing but…
   
   • 
     Is the minimum Good Enough?
     
     • 
       If it fills RAP squares is it good training?
       
     • 
       Does it provide Realistic Mission Oriented Training?
       
     • 
       Do we need to “train as we fight”?
       
10. 
    Flying a Tactical Aircraft… is not like riding a Bike
    
    • 
      The Busy Cockpit - Heads Up Display of:
      
      • 
        Airspeed, Heading, Altitude, Angle of Attack, Radar Operation and Missile Parameters, Steer Point, Radio Frequencies…Then add:
        
      • 
        Formation Flying and Flight Maneuver for Tactical Positioning
        
      • 
        Threat Engagement
        
      • 
        Data Link Displays
        
      • 
        Opposition Aircraft – Missile Employment and Defensive Tactics
        
      • 
        GCI / AWACS
        
      • 
        Communications and Radar Jamming
        
      • 
        Targeting Pod and Target Identification
        
      • 
        Laser Designator
        
      • 
        Range Procedures
        
    • 
      Busy Radio...Busy Mission...
      

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