Milestones in the Civil War

1861
April 12- South Carolina ,Fort surrenders

April 17 Virginia Secedes

April 19 Baltimore violence: four soldiers killed (first casualties of the war.) Lincoln orders a naval blockade of Southern ports
Lincoln asks Robert E Lee to take field command of Union forces, Lee resigns joins Confederate army.
July 21- First Battle of Bull Run
August 5- Congress passes first income tax law

1862
January 27- Lincoln issues War Order Number 1-it is ignored

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  Legalistic document.
  
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  By itself, it doesn’t free slaves, but does change the character and course of the war.
  
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  Those critical of Lincoln say that it did not free all the slaves, just those in the confederacy.
  
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  Lincoln’s position is that under his war powers he can legally free only those slaves in rebel held territory; it is up to Congress or the states to address the question of universal emancipation.
  

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  Confirmed what they believed to be plans to force them to surrender slavery
  
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  Saw the proclamation as incitement to slave rebellion
  
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  Stiffened their resolve to defend the south against “Yankee” encroachment.
  

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  France and England decided not to recognize the Confederacy: did not want to endorse slavery.
  
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  In the North the proclamation made the war less popular (poor, white workers were fine to save the Union, less keen on freeing slaves—scared they would take jobs)  decline in northern enlistments Conscription Act of March 1863- applies to all men 20-45 unless they are wealthy enough to pay a substitute
  
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  January 1 1863 Emancipation Proclamation is signed
  
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  January 26 recruit black troops began. (black soldiers fought in every war. . but a 1792 law barred them from the army) The 54^th Massachusetts Volunteers are the first black regiment recruited in the North.
  
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  185,000 black soldiers in the Union army  166 all black regiments. Nearly 70,000 black soldiers come from Louisiana, Kentucky, and Tennessee.
  
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  They are paid less than whites
  
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  16 will receive the Medal of Honor.
  
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  In the navy ¼ sailors are black.
  

May 22- Vicksburg begins—key to Mississippi river.

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  Unconditional surrender of 29,000 Confederates.
  
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  Union possesses the Mississippi.
  

July NEW YORK- rioting breaks out over the Union Conscription Act- blacks are lynched.

Several other riots break out in major northern cities:

idea that they were fighting for free slaves and that the wealthy could get out of it. Some northern counties raised taxes so that residents would not have to fight.

General William Tecumseh Sherman begins his march across the South.

April 14 While watching a comedy at Ford’s Theater, Lincoln is shot by John Wilkes Booth. The first President to be assassinated, Andrew Johnson becomes the president.

What did the Civil War cost America

Union had enlisted 2,324,516 soldiers: approximately 360,000 were killed.

The Confederate army had about 1,000,000 soldiers with losses of 260,000

Confederates: 3 million

Major land battles