C
|
|
11.2.1.9.20. Pipes containing hazardous liquids shall be routed with a continuous downward slope to prevent the accumulation of trapped liquid fluids and allow draining of the lines.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.1.9.21. Where possible, pipes carrying hazardous liquids shall be mounted so that the liquid cannot be trapped in internal cavities when it is drained.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.1.9.22. High pressure lines and components shall be protected from damage due to leakage, servicing, or other operational hazards created by other systems.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.1.9.24. Components shall be located and lines routed to minimize the risk of ignition should a leak or rupture occur.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.1.9.25. Pressure lines shall not be installed inside conduit, large pipe, or tubing for protective support.
Exception: Lines may be enclosed in protective conduit, pipes, or tubing when routed under roadways, obstructions, and through thick walls.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.1.9.26. System components such as a hand regulator and gauge that are closely related shall be arranged to allow operation and surveillance from a common point.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2. Ground Support Pressure System Hardware Design Requirements
|
I
|
|
|
11.2.2.1. All systems components such as valves, regulators, flexible hoses, pipe line sections, and fittings shall be subjected to a hydrostatic test of 1.5 times the system maximum operating pressure (MOP)/MAWP. Where hydrostatic testing is not desirable, a pneumatic test at 1.25 times the MOP/MAWP may be performed as an alternative test with PSWG, Range Safety, and Center Pressure Systems Manager approval.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.2. Propellant systems shall be designed to ensure separation of fuels and oxidizers to prevent inadvertent mixing during operations.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.3. All calibration adjustments shall be designed so that the setting, position, or adjustment cannot be inadvertently altered.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.4.12. If DOT vessels are used in portable GSE, maintenance and operating procedures for periodic hydrostatic tests shall be in accordance with DOT regulations.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.4.13. All pressure vessels shall be designed to allow for a minimum 10-percent ullage space at full-load conditions.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.5. Portable or Mobile Pressure Vessels
|
I
|
|
|
11.2.2.5.1. Mobile equipment for public and range highway use shall be designed, fabricated, inspected, and tested to meet the requirements in 49 CFR, Subpart 6, Parts 1000 through 1199, Surface Transportation Board, Department of Transportation. A copy of any DOT-approved exemptions shall be provided to the appropriate local safety authority as identified by the PSWG and Range Safety.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.5.2. DOT pressure vessels shall be protected against overpressure in accordance with 49 CFR.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.5.3. DOT pressure vessels used and approved for use in a fixed ground-based system shall be provided overpressure protection in accordance with ASME code.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.6. Ground Support Pressure System Piping. At a minimum, all piping installations shall be designed in accordance with ASME B31.3, Process Piping, in addition to the following:
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.1. Pipe material shall be in accordance with ASTM A312, Standard Specifications for Seamless and Welding Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipes, and ANSI/ASME B36.10M, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe or B36.19M, Stainless Steel Pipe.
|
C
|
|
|
Recommended pipe material is cold-drawn seamless, ASTM A312 grade TP304L or TP316L stainless steel.
|
I
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.2. Weld fittings such as tees, crosses, elbows, and reducers shall be of the butt-weld type in accordance with ANSI/ASME B16.9, Factory Made Wrought Steel Butt Welding Fittings.
|
C
|
|
|
Butt-weld fittings should be constructed of ASTM A403, grade WP-316L or WP-304Lwrought stainless steel.
|
I
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.3. Mechanical joints shall be made of forged ASTM A182 F340L or F316 butt-weld hubs, ASTM A182 F304 or F316 clamp assemblies, and type 17-4PH Teflon-coated seal rings. Where system design dictates the use of industrial flanged-type mechanical joints, they shall be in accordance with ANSI B16.5, Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings. Flange serrations shall be of concentric design. Flange gaskets shall conform to ANSI/ASME B16.21, Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flange, and be compatible with the media.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.4. Threaded National Pipe (NPT) thread connectors shall not be used in hazardous pressure systems unless approved by PSWG, Range Safety, and the Center Pressure Systems Manager.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.4.1. NPT connectors may be used for small (1-inch Nominal Pipe Size or less) connections on selected supply components for 6,000 psig gaseous nitrogen (GN2) and helium (GHe) metering and letdown stations. Selected components are sample ports, vent/ blowdown valves, pressure indicators, thermowells, and pressure regulation sensors.
|
I
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.4.2. NPT connectors used for connections that do not require repeated demating/mating shall have effective corrosion control applied to the exposed threads to prevent external corrosion from weakening the high stress points.
|
I
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.4.6. All connections that require periodic demating/mating for periodic maintenance purposes (such as relief valve functional testing) shall use MS or equal straight thread connectors; NPT connectors shall not be used.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.5. Socket welded flanges shall not be used in hazardous pressure system piping.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.6. All piping welds shall be of the full penetration butt-weld type.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.7. All piping and fitting butt welds used to fabricate hazardous pressure systems shall be 100 percent visually and radiographically inspected. Accept/reject criteria shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3, Table 341.3.2A or Table K341.3.2A for pressure systems equal to or greater than 6,000 psi.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.8. Cryogenic piping systems shall provide for thermal expansion and contraction without imposing excessive loads on the system.
|
C
|
|
|
Offset bends and loops rather than bellows should be used for this purpose wherever possible.
|
I
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.10. All piping shall be located so that it is not hazardous to working personnel.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.11. Cryogenic Pipe Weld Inspection
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.11.1. All inner pipe welds shall be 100 percent radiographically inspected.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.6.11.2. The accept/reject criteria shall be in accordance with Table 341.3.2A of ASME B31.3, or Table K341.3.2A for pressures equal to or above 6000 psi..
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.7. Ground Support Pressure System Tubing. Tubing connections can be of a butt-weld type or by use of precision 37-degree fittings.
|
C
|
|
|
If welded, pneumatic distribution tubing should be annealed seamless, stainless steel type 304/316 or 304L/316L.
|
I
|
|
|
11.2.2.7.1. If 37-degree flared end fittings are used, they shall be designed in accordance with precision type AN, MS, or KSC-GP-425, Fluid Fitting Engineering Standards, standards.
|
C
|
|
|
The material used to join 37-degree flared end fittings should be type 316 stainless steel.
|
I
|
|
|
11.2.2.7.2. If butt-weld fittings are used to join tubing, they shall be designed in accordance with KSC-GP-425 or equivalent.
|
C
|
|
|
The material should be type 304L or 316L stainless steel.
|
I
|
|
|
11.2.2.7.3. All tubing and butt-weld fitting welds shall be 100 percent visually and radiographically inspected. The accept and reject criteria shall be in accordance with Table 341.3.2 of ASME B31.3.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.7.4. Tubing used with AN or MS fittings shall be flared per MS33584, Tubing End, Standard Dimensions for Flared, and tubing used with KSC-GP-425 fittings shall be flared per KSC-GP-425. “Crush” washers are prohibited.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.7.5. Since flared tubing is not designed for service above 6,000 psig, PSWG, Range Safety, and the Center Pressure Systems Manager approved super pressure tubing shall be used for service above 6,000 psig.
.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.7.6. Fabrication and installation of tubing using KSC-GP-425 fittings shall be in accordance with KSC-SPEC-Z-0008, Fabrication and Installation of Flared Tube Assemblies and Installation of Fittings and Fitting Assemblies.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.7.7. Tube fittings with NPT connectors shall not be used in hazardous pressure systems.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.7.8. The number of mechanical joints in tubing systems shall be kept to a minimum.
|
C
|
|
|
All pressure gauge material that normally contacts the service fluid should be type 316 stainless steel. Exception: Bourdon-tube bleed screws may be constructed of any 300-series stainless steel.
|
I
|
|
|
11.2.2.7.9. Tubing shall be seamless, stainless steel per ASTM A269, Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Tubing, or KSC-SPEC-Z-0007, Tubing, Steel, Corrosion Resistant, Seamless, Types 304 and 316.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.8. Ground Support Pressure System Regulators
|
I
|
|
|
11.2.2.8.1. Regulators shall be sized to accurately control the pressure to be used in the system.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.8.2. Manually operated regulators shall be selected so that over torqueing the regulator cannot damage soft seats to the extent that seat failure occurs.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.8.3. Regulators shall be designed so that a functional failure cannot create a hazard to personnel.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.8.4. Dome loaded pressure regulators shall be designed to withstand a differential pressure across the diaphragm and/or piston equal to the maximum rated inlet pressure without damage. A means of venting the dome loading circuit shall be provided.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.8.5. Pressure regulator actuators shall be capable of shutting off the fluid when the system is at the maximum possible flow and pressure.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.8.6. A regulator shall not be used as a safety critical component or be required to function to prevent a failure that might injure personnel.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.8.7. For each stage of regulation, the ratio of upstream-to-downstream pressure shall not exceed 10:1 for optimum control.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.8.8. Regulators shall be selected so their working pressure falls within the center 50 percent of the total pressure range if it is susceptible to inaccuracies or creep at either end of the pressure range.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.8.9. Regulator designs using uncontained seats shall not be used.
|
C
|
|
|
11.2.2.8.10. The use of a sheathed flexible actuator such as push-pull wires and torque wires for regulator control is prohibited.
|
|
