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11.2.2.8.11. Remote readout pressure transducers are required to monitor hazardous operations from a remote location.
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11.2.2.9. Ground Support Pressure System Valves
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11.2.2.9.1. Both manual and automatic valve actuators shall be operable under maximum design flow and pressure for complete opening and closing the respective valve.
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11.2.2.9.2. Remotely operated valves shall be designed to be fail-safe if pneumatic or electric control power is lost.
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11.2.2.9.3. Designs using uncontained seats shall not be used.
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11.2.2.9.4. Use of metal-to-metal seats without prior PSWG, Range Safety, and Center Pressure Systems Manager concurrence is prohibited.
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11.2.2.9.5. Inlet and outlet isolation valves (shutoff valves) and appropriate intermediate vent valves shall be provided for shutdown and maintenance.
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11.2.2.9.6. Valve stem travel shall be limited by a positive stop at each extreme position.
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11.2.2.9.7. The application or removal of force to the stem positioning device shall not cause disassembly of the pressure containing structure of the valve.
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11.2.2.9.8. Manually operated valves shall be designed so that overtorqueing the valve stem cannot damage soft seats to the extent that seat failure occurs.
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11.2.2.9.9. Inlet and outlet isolation valves shall be capable of isolating the maximum allowable working pressure in both directions without seat failure.
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11.2.2.9.10. Fast opening valves that can produce high velocity kinetic effects or heating effects due to rapid pressurization shall not be used.
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11.2.2.9.11. Systems shall have shutoff valves located as close to the supply vessel as practical and be readily accessible.
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11.2.2.9.12. Remotely controlled valves shall provide for remote monitoring of open and closed positions.
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11.2.2.9.13. Local or remote stem position indicators shall sense the position of the stem directly, not the position of the actuating device.
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11.2.2.9.14. For remotely controlled valves, positive indication of actual valve position shall be displayed at the control station. Indication of valve stem position or flow measurement is an acceptable indication. Indication of a remote command being initiated is not a positive indication of valve position.
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11.2.2.9.15. Valves used in flared tubing system applications shall be designed for panel or other rigid mounting.
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11.2.2.9.16. All pressure system valves that are required to be in a closed or open position during system operation shall be protected against inadvertent actuation by physical means.
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Examples of physical means to protect against inadvertent actuation are mechanical stops, lock wires, or access control.
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11.2.2.9.17. Valves that are not intended to be reversible shall be designed or marked so that they cannot be connected in a reverse mode.
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11.2.2.9.17.1. Check valves shall be provided where back flow of fluids would create a hazard.
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11.2.2.9.17.2. Check valves shall be the spring-loaded type with soft seats.
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11.2.2.9.18. The use of sheathed flexible actuators, such as push/pull wires and cables, for valve control is prohibited.
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11.2.2.9.19. All electrical control circuits for remote activation shall be shielded or otherwise protected from hazardous stray energy.
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11.2.2.9.20. Balanced manual valves that use external balancing ports or vents open to the atmosphere shall not be used.
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11.2.2.9.21. Remotely operated flow control valves shall be operated pneumatically, electrically, or hydraulically and shall be capable of fail-safe operation to either the open or closed position. Determination of fail-safe mode (the open or closed position) shall depend on the system characteristics.
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11.2.2.10. Ground Support Pressure System Vents, Drains, Low Points, Bleeds, Test Ports, and Sampling Ports. All pressure and propellant systems shall have a low-point drain capability unless prohibited by the DOT, as well as a high-point bleed capability with easy accessibility.
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11.2.2.10.1. Pressure and propellant systems shall be designed so that commodities cannot be trapped in any part of the system without vent capability.
Exception: Loosening of fittings to vent trapped pressure is allowed when the fluid under pressure is non-hazardous and only for the purpose of calibrating or replacing pressure gauges or transducers that are provided with an upstream isolation valve where the total trapped volume does not exceed 1.5 cubic inches.
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11.2.2.10.2. Vent system outlets shall be in a location normally inaccessible to personnel and shall be conspicuously identified.
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11.2.2.10.3. Vent outlets shall be protected against rain intrusion and entry of birds, insects, and animals.
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11.2.2.10.4. Oxidizer and fuel vent outlets to the atmosphere shall be separated sufficiently to prevent mixing of vented fluids/gases.
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11.2.2.10.5. All vent outlets shall be designed to preclude accumulation of vented fluid in dangerous concentrations in areas frequented by unprotected personnel or motor vehicles.
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11.2.2.10.6. Vent line supports shall be designed to withstand reaction loads due to the actuation of safety relief devices in accordance with ASME B31.3, paragraph 322.6.2.
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11.2.2.10.7. Each line venting into a multiple-use vent system shall be protected against back pressurization by a check valve if the upstream system cannot withstand the back pressure or where contamination of the upstream system cannot be tolerated.
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11.2.2.10.8. Incompatible fluids shall not be discharged into the same vent or drain system.
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11.2.2.10.9. Fuel and oxidizer vent systems shall be equipped with a means of purging the system with an inert gas to prevent explosive mixtures.
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11.2.2.10.10. Vent systems shall be sized to provide minimum back pressures consistent with required venting flow rates. In no case shall back pressures interfere with proper operation of relief devices.
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11.2.2.10.11. Personnel and critical equipment shall be protected from potential venting hazards.
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11.2.2.10.12. Bleed ports shall be located so that they can be operated with minimal removal of other components and permit the attachment of a hose to direct the bleed-off material into a container, away from the positions of the operators.
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11.2.2.10.13. Test points shall be provided on pressure systems so that disassembly for test is not required.
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11.2.2.10.14. Test points shall be easily accessible for attachment of ground test equipment.
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11.2.2.10.15. A sampling port shall be provided upstream and downstream of each regulator in any pneumatic branch line that interfaces with a hypergolic propellant system to permit periodic sampling and analysis of the medium for contamination.
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11.2.2.10.16. Sample ports shall be provided at cryogenic system low points.
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11.2.2.10.17. A single pressure gauge shall be provided at some point downstream either in the pneumatic system or the propellant system to indicate the pressure in the propellant system.
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11.2.2.10.18. Gauge calibration ports shall be designed to limit potential impingement of contaminated gas on personnel.
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11.2.2.10.20. Normal discharge of the protective purge gas from a hazard proofed-enclosure outlet shall be to an unclassified location, or to a Division 2 or Zone 2 location if the equipment does not create ignition capable particles during normal operation.
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11.2.2.11. Ground Support Pressure System Indicating Devices
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11.2.2.11.1. All pressure gauges shall conform to the requirements of ANSI/ASME B40.1, Gauges, Pressure Indicating Dial Type.
Exception: Pressure gauges that are part of a cylinder regulator assembly such as those used with cutting, welding, or other industrial equipment are exempt from these requirements as are gauges associated with pneumatic controllers, positioners, and other standard process control equipment.
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11.2.2.11.2. A pressure indicating device shall be connected downstream of each pressure regulator, on each storage system, and on any section of the system where pressure can be trapped.
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11.2.2.11.3. Gauges shall be sized to accurately display the pressure to be used in the system.
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11.2.2.11.4. All pressure gauges shall be equipped with a full diameter pressure release back that shall be sized for maximum flow without case rupture.
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11.2.2.11.5. Gauges shall be securely attached to a panel or other rigid mounting.
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11.2.2.11.6. If pressure gauge isolation valves are used, they shall be designed so that they can be secured in the open position.
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Lock wiring is an acceptable means of securing pressure gauge isolation valves in the open position.
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11.2.2.11.7. Gauge installations shall be designed to have a minimum of one-inch clearance to allow unrestricted venting in the event the gauge vents. Personnel and equipment shall be protected from the vent area.
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11.2.2.11.8. Gauges shall be selected so that the normal operating pressure falls between 25 percent and 75 percent of the scale range, except for gauges used in applications that require a wide range of operating pressure, which shall not exceed 95 percent of scale range of the gauge.
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11.2.2.11.9. Remote readout pressure transducers shall be used when it is necessary to monitor hazardous operations from a remote location.
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11.2.2.11.10. Pressure gauges shall be of one-piece, solid-front, metal-case construction, using an optically clear shatterproof window made of high-impact, non-cracking plastic, heat-treated glass, or laminated glass.
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11.2.2.11.11. Liquid system liquid sensors suitable for indicating the presence or absence of liquid shall be provided.
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Metals that could come in contact with the service medium should be compatible, such as type 304 or 316 stainless steel.
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11.2.2.11.12. Liquid system liquid level indicators that contain welded portions (typically magnetic float type) shall be constructed ofstainless steel.
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