National Forests in Florida Final Report


Black Titi / Shining Fetterbush - Blaspheme-vine Forest



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Black Titi / Shining Fetterbush - Blaspheme-vine Forest


Element Identifiers

NVCS association: Cliftonia monophylla / Lyonia lucida - Smilax laurifolia Forest

Database Code: CEGL007042

Formation: Saturated temperate seasonal evergreen forest

Alliance: CLIFTONIA MONOPHYLLA SATURATED FOREST ALLIANCE (I.A.4.N.g.1)

Element Concept

Summary: Extensive wetlands (up to 300 or more hectares in size) with a longer hydroperiod than other baygall associations, developed over peat at least 1-2 m deep. The canopy is nearly pure Cliftonia monophylla, 10-15 m tall; a sparse supercanopy of Pinus serotina or Pinus elliottii var. elliottii is sometimes present near the transition to wet flatwoods. The open to dense shrub layer may contain Cliftonia monophylla, Cyrilla racemiflora, Leucothoe racemosa, Morella inodora (= Myrica inodora), Gaylussacia mosieri, Lyonia lucida, Ilex coriacea, Nyssa biflora, and Smilax laurifolia. Herbs are infrequent, occurring in small patches, including Peltandra sagittifolia, Sarracenia rubra ssp. gulfensis, Sarracenia flava, Utricularia subulata, Drosera capillaris, Eriocaulon decangulare, Rhynchospora sp., Balduina uniflora, and Cleistes bifaria. Sphagnum spp. are common. Catastrophic fire may have been a rare type of disturbance in the past. This is a naturally occurring vegetation type, though possibly increased in occurrence by logging and subsequent fire suppression.

Environment: See Summary

Vegetation: See Summary

Dynamics: See Summary

Similar Associations: No information

Synonymy: No information

Comments: None

Conservation Ranking & Rare Species

GRank: G4 (97-10-08):

High-ranked species: No information

Element Distribution

Range:

States: AL FL GA MS

Crosswalk to State Classifications:

  • FL: Baygall, in part (FL 1992)

TNC Ecoregions: 53:C, 55:P, 56:C

USFS Ecoregions: 232Bg:CCC, 232Bh:CCC, 232Bi:CCC, 232Ca:CCC, 232Cb:CCC, 232Cc:CCP, 232Cd:CCC, 232Cf:CCP, 232Dc:CCC

Federal Lands: DOD (Eglin, Fort Stewart); USFS (Apalachicola, Conecuh); USFWS (Okefenokee)

Element Sources

References: FNAI 1992a

Baygalls and Bayheads


Shrub Titi Swamp


Element Identifiers

NVCS association: Cyrilla racemiflora - Cliftonia monophylla Shrubland

Database Code: CEGL003847

Formation: Saturated temperate broad-leaved evergreen shrubland

Alliance: CYRILLA RACEMIFLORA - ILEX CORIACEA - (CLIFTONIA MONOPHYLLA) SATURATED SHRUBLAND ALLIANCE (III.A.2.N.i.3)

Element Concept

Summary: This association of the East Gulf and adjacent South Atlantic Coastal Plain is dominated by Cyrilla racemiflora and Cliftonia monophylla, along with Lyonia lucida, Ilex coriacea, Clethra alnifolia, Magnolia virginiana, and Photinia pyrifolia (= Aronia arbutifolia). Scattered Pinus elliottii var. elliottii or Pinus serotina can occur but often do not. This shrubland is a common vegetation type in saturated ecotones along creeks within Pinus palustris sandhills and flatwoods and often encroaches into graminoid-dominated communities if fire is excluded.

Environment: This shrubland is a common vegetation type in saturated ecotones along creeks within Pinus palustris sandhills and flatwoods and often encroaches into graminoid-dominated communities if fire is excluded.

Vegetation: A sparse emergent layer of Taxodium ascendens and Pinus elliottii may be present. The dense shrub layer includes Cliftonia monophylla, Ilex myrtifolia, Nyssa biflora, Lyonia lucida, Cyrilla parvifolia, Hypericum chapmanii, Magnolia virginiana, and Pieris phillyreifolia. Other documented species include Carex glaucescens, Eriocaulon compressum, and Eriocaulon decangulare (NatureServe unpubl. data).

Dynamics: See Summary

Similar Associations:

  • Pinus elliottii var. elliottii / Cliftonia monophylla - Cyrilla racemiflora Woodland (CEGL003638)

  • Pinus serotina - Pinus elliottii var. elliottii / Cliftonia monophylla - Cyrilla racemiflora Woodland (CEGL003674)

  • Cyrilla racemiflora - Lyonia lucida Shrubland (CEGL003844)

Synonymy:

  • Bog, Shrub Bog subtype (FNAI 1992b) B. in part

  • Baygall (FNAI 1990)

  • Baygall (Kindell et al. 1997)

  • Shrub Bog (Wharton 1978) B. in part

Comments: This is very generally named and may be renamed after additional information is available. This is a common baygall type described as the flatwoods/black titi variant of baygall (Kindell et al. 1997). Also compare to related woodlands with Pinus elliottii and/or Pinus serotina, such as Pinus elliottii var. elliottii / Cliftonia monophylla - Cyrilla racemiflora Woodland (CEGL003638) and Pinus serotina - Pinus elliottii var. elliottii / Cliftonia monophylla - Cyrilla racemiflora Woodland (CEGL003674). Following a recommendation by FNAI (C. Kindell, A. Johnson), former Cliftonia monophylla - Pinckneya bracteata - Toxicodendron vernix - Illicium floridanum / Sphagnum spp. Shrubland (CEGL003945) has been merged into this type.

Conservation Ranking & Rare Species

GRank: G4 (99-12-15): This shrubland is a common vegetation type in the East Gulf Coastal Plain Ecoregion and in southern Georgia. It occurs in saturated ecotones along creeks and in depressions within longleaf sandhills and flatwoods. In the absence of fire, this shrub vegetation encroaches out of the ecotones and into adjacent graminoid-dominated communities on saturated soils such as wet flatwoods, wet prairies and seepage slopes. It is thought to be widespread and abundant, although no comprehensive survey information for this community exists.

High-ranked species: No information

Element Distribution

Range:

States: AL FL GA MS

Crosswalk to State Classifications:

  • FL: Bog, in part (FL 1992)

  • GA: Carolina Bay/Okefenokee Swamp Shrub/Scrub Vegetation (GA 1990)

TNC Ecoregions: 53:C, 56:C

USFS Ecoregions: 232Cd:CCC, 232Dc:CCC

Federal Lands: DOD (Eglin, Fort Stewart); USFS (Apalachicola, Conecuh)

Element Sources

References: Ambrose 1990a, FNAI 1990, FNAI 1992a, FNAI 1992b, Kindell et al. 1997, NatureServe Ecology - Southeast U.S. unpubl. data, Wharton 1978

Baygalls and Bayheads




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