National Forests in Florida Final Report
I.C.3.N.a. Mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forest
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- I.C.3.N.b. Temporarily flooded mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forest
I.C.3.N.a. Mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forestI.C. Mixed evergreen-deciduous forest I.C.3.N.a.24 Loblolly Pine - (White Oak, Southern Red Oak, Post Oak) Forest Alliance (A.404)PINUS TAEDA - QUERCUS (ALBA, FALCATA, STELLATA) FOREST ALLIANCE Alliance Concept Summary: This alliance encompasses Pinus taeda - oak forests of the Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States. The canopy is dominated by Pinus taeda with some combination of the nominal oaks. More mesic examples tend to be codominated by Quercus alba, while dry to dry-mesic examples are usually codominated by Quercus falcata. Associated species vary by geography, substrate, and exposure. Described members of this alliance are found sporadically, ranging from the North Atlantic Coast of Delaware, through the Chesapeake Lowlands of Maryland and Virginia to the West Gulf and Upper West Gulf coastal plains of eastern Texas and Arkansas where they are most common. These forests are apparently absent from the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain of North and South Carolina, but are documented in the South Atlantic Coastal Plain of Georgia. Successional and/or semi-natural examples are known from the East Gulf and Upper East Gulf coastal plains. Within the longleaf pine belt, these forests can occur naturally on fire-protected areas such as topographically isolated hilltops, mid to lower slopes, protected ravines, broad flats and second bottoms. In some cases, they are successional forests on broad uplands following clearing or alteration of natural forests, especially those historically dominated by Pinus palustris A broad range of associated species may be present in this type, including Carya alba, Carya texana, Nyssa sylvatica, Liquidambar styraciflua, Carya cordiformis, Magnolia grandiflora, Fagus grandifolia, Quercus velutina, Quercus michauxii, Quercus pagoda, and Acer rubrum. The subcanopy can include canopy species, as well as Ilex opaca var. opaca, Ostrya virginiana, Carpinus caroliniana, Cornus florida, and others. Callicarpa americana, Symplocos tinctoria, Morella cerifera (= Myrica cerifera), Vaccinium elliottii, Viburnum dentatum, and Viburnum acerifolium are common shrub species. Herbaceous species that may be present include Polystichum acrostichoides, Athyrium filix-femina ssp. asplenioides, Phegopteris hexagonoptera, Prenanthes altissima, Spigelia marilandica, Mitchella repens, Podophyllum peltatum, Phlox divaricata, Tipularia discolor, Arisaema triphyllum, Erigeron pulchellus, Lilium michauxii, Chasmanthium laxum, Chasmanthium sessiliflorum, and Melica mutica. Synonymy: IA6e. Loblolly Pine - Shortleaf Pine - Oak Forest, in part (Allard 1990) Lowland Pine - Oak Forest (Foti 1994b) Calcareous Forest, in part (Smith 1996a) Mixed Hardwood-Loblolly Pine Forest, in part (Smith 1996a) Dry-Mesic Mixed Oak - Pine Forest (Wieland 1994b) Loblolly Pine-Oak Series (Diamond 1993) T1B3aIII4a. Pinus echinata - Pinus taeda - Quercus spp. (stellata, alba, falcata) (Foti et al. 1994) Loblolly Pine - Hardwood: 82 (Eyre 1980) White Oak - Loblolly Pine/Callicarpa Loamy Mesic Lower Slopes and Terraces, in part (Turner et al. 1999) Comments: Alliance Distribution Range: This alliance encompasses pine - oak forests of the coastal plain and some adjacent provinces from Virginia to Texas. This includes the mesic to dry-mesic loblolly - oak - hickory forests of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas; dry forests on flats in the Piedmont of, at least, North Carolina and South Carolina that are dominated by Pinus taeda with a combination of the nominal oaks; and related vegetation in the East Gulf and Atlantic coastal plains. States: AL AR DE FL GA LA MD MS NC? OK SC? TN? TX VA USFS Ecoregions: 231A:C, 231B:C, 231C:C, 231E:C, 231F:C, 232A:C, 232B:C, 232C:C, 232E:?, 232F:C, 234A:P, 255:? Federal Lands: DOD (Fort Benning); NPS (Chickamauga-Chattanooga, Kennesaw Mountain); USFS (Angelina, Apalachicola?, Bienville, Conecuh, Croatan?, Davy Crockett, De Soto, Holly Springs, Homochitto, Kisatchie, Oconee, Sabine, Sam Houston, St. Francis, Sumter?, Talladega, Tombigbee, Tuskegee, Uwharrie?) Alliance Sources References: Allard 1990, Baker and Langdon 1990, Clarke et al. 2000, Diamond 1993, Eyre 1980, Foti 1994b, Foti et al. 1994, Golden 1979, Martin and Smith 1991, Martin and Smith 1993, Smith 1996a, Smith pers. comm., Turner et al. 1999, Wieland 1994b I.C.3.N.b. Temporarily flooded mixed needle-leaved evergreen - cold-deciduous forestI.C. Mixed evergreen-deciduous forest I.C.3.N.b.2 Spruce Pine - (Diamondleaf Oak, Swamp Chestnut Oak, Water Oak) Temporarily Flooded Forest Alliance (A.431)PINUS GLABRA - QUERCUS (LAURIFOLIA, MICHAUXII, NIGRA) TEMPORARILY FLOODED FOREST ALLIANCE Alliance Concept Summary: Vegetation in this alliance occurs on natural levees and on infrequently flooded flats in floodplains of Coastal Plain streams, both blackwater and brownwater, from South Carolina south to Florida, and west to Mississippi and possibly to eastern Louisiana. Pinus glabra and sometimes also Pinus taeda are typically mixed with Quercus laurifolia, Quercus phellos, Liquidambar styraciflua, Quercus nigra, and Quercus michauxii. Carpinus caroliniana ssp. caroliniana typically forms a prominent subcanopy stratum. In Mississippi, Sabal minor may be common in some examples. Shrubs may include Hypericum galioides, Hypericum hypericoides, Sebastiania fruticosa, Leucothoe racemosa, Cyrilla racemiflora, Styrax americanus, Crataegus marshallii, and Rhododendron canescens. Vines include Berchemia scandens and Vitis rotundifolia. Herbs may include Chasmanthium laxum, Saccharum baldwinii, Carex joorii, Osmunda cinnamomea, and Mitchella repens. In Louisiana, small, relatively pure stands of Pinus glabra can occur as a natural or artificial small-scale successional type, found in 'slashes' in flatwoods. Synonymy: IIA8c. Lowland Pine - Oak Forest, in part (Allard 1990) Floodplain Forest, in part (FNAI 1992a) Diamondleaf Oak/Spruce Pine Flat subtype (FNAI 1992b) Swamp chestnut oak-cherrybark oak-spruce pine (Wharton et al. 1982) Comments: Alliance Distribution Range: Vegetation in this alliance occurs from South Carolina south to Florida, and west to Mississippi and possibly to eastern Louisiana. States: AL FL GA MS SC USFS Ecoregions: 232B:C, 232C:C Federal Lands: USFS (Apalachicola, Bienville, Conecuh?, De Soto, Francis Marion?, Homochitto, Osceola?) Alliance Sources References: Allard 1990, Ewel 1990a, FNAI 1992a, FNAI 1992b, Wharton et al. 1982 Directory: library library -> Strategic Plan South Sudan Country Office Context library -> The World Order of Bahá’u’lláh Selected Letters library -> Ieee/iee electronic Library (iel) library -> [0] B. Hardware [2] library -> [1] B. 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