National open university of nigeria introduction to econometrics II eco 356



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Introduction to Econometrics ECO 356 Course Guide and Course Material
Introduction to Econometrics ECO 356 Course Guide and Course Material



UNIT 2: CO-VARIANCE AND VARIANCE
CONTENTS
1.2.1.0 Introduction
1.2.2.0 Objectives
1.2.3.0 Main Content
1.2.3.1 CoVariance and Variance
1.2.3.2 Some Basic Covariance rule
1.2.3.3 Population CoVariance
1.2.3.4 Sample Variance
1.2.3.5 Variance Rule
1.2.4.0 Conclusion
1.2.5.0 Summary
1.2.6.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment
1.2.7.0 References/Further Reading

1.2.1.0 INTRODUCTION
The previous unit in this module introduced and discussed random variable and associated sampling theories. In other to further equip the students with the adequately understanding of more basic tools needed for regression analysis in the next module


INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMETRICS II

ECO 306

NOUN
28 and in general statistical analyses, this unit discusses covariance and variance. The unit explains that, variance and covariance are two measures used in statistics. While variance is an intuitive concept that measures the scatter of the data, covariance on the other hand, is not that intuitive at first but gives a mathematical indication of the degree of change of two random variables together.

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