WAN Network Communications

WANs, like LANs, are built on topologies and network transmission techniques. Many WANs use variations of the ring or star topologies, but because the major WAN providers keep the specifics of individual topologies confidential to maintain a competitive edge, it is difficult to describe them in detail. WAN network transmission techniques are very complex because new

WAN technologies are constantly emerging.

WAN network services are typically provided by telecommunications companies, cable TV companies, and satellite providers. Currently the providers in the United States with the wide strange of services are regional telephone companies.

Wireless WANs use radio, microwave, and satellite communications. The topology of radio, communications requires connecting a LAN to a wireless bridge or switch, for example, which in turn is connected to an antenna. The antenna transmits a radio wave to a distant antenna, which is also connected to a bridge, switch, or router that receives packets and places them on the local LAN. This type of communications is called packet radio and takes place at very high radio frequencies. Figure below illustrates the topology of a radio wave WAN that joins two LANs.

Cell phone providers offer three wireless data transmission services that have become popular for Internet access and other data services that can be used alongside traditional voice services: 2G, 3G, and 4G networks.