New Orleans Affirmative- 7ws strategy Page
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Levees CPLevees fail The Times-Picayune 10, October 17, 2010 Levee Construction Around New Orleans Enters a Period of Uncertainty http://www.planetizen.com/node/46486 Many academics and experts are concerned that relaxed flood protection standards and the acceptance of a higher flood risk would be a step in the wrong direction for threatened communities. The proposal has its fair share of critics, including those who believe that it places too much emphasis on the overtopping of levees by storm surge as the principal component of levee failure: "Ray Seed, a civil engineering professor at the University of California at Berkeley, said the pilot study plan is flawed because it may not adequately consider some of the causes of levee failures in New Orleans, such as floodwaters seeping underneath earthen levees, causing them to collapse or move." Levees fail – termites LSU Ag Center 06 Researchers Evaluating Grass For Levee Protection News Release Distributed 07/27/06 http://text.lsuagcenter.com/en/environment/conservation/wetlands/Researchers+Evaluating+Grass+For+Levee+Protection.htm One of the problems with levees in New Orleans has been the infestation of mature trees by Formosan subterranean termites. The termites not only undermine the levees but also feed on the trees, weakening them and contributing to their tendency to topple easily in high winds. Falling trees that pulled their roots out of the ground are suspected of contributing to the weakening and eventual breaches of levees in New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Henderson said termites feeding on bagasse seams between the pilings in the New Orleans levees also are suspected of contributing to levee breaches. Levees can fail and magnify the impact Spencer 11, Spring Arbor University, Mississippi River flood spills into central Louisiana By Naomi Spencer 16 May 2011 http://www.wsws.org/articles/2011/may2011/miss-m16.shtml The Army Corps warned that without opening the Morganza, New Orleans risked being flooded on a scale even worse than in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Even with the spillway diversion, however, the city’s 20-foot levees are vulnerable to collapse from the force of the flow, and a crest of 19.5 feet. A levee breach in the city could trigger a “Niagara Falls or more pouring of the river for an extended period of time,” according to John Barry, author of Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How It Changed America. The river is expected to crest at Greenville, Mississippi Monday at 64.5 feet, 16.5 feet above flood stage. An earthen levee near the city collapsed Friday night after being overtopped. Residents in the area had been trying to fortify the half-mile wide wall with extra earth and plastic before the breach. “It’s adding extra stress to the mainline levees, but they are holding,” Army Corps spokesman Kavanaugh Breazeale said Saturday. Levees encourage bad city planning and kill wetlands Frank 11, Jeffrey, "The Impact of Hurricane Katrina on Gulf Coast Libraries and Their Disaster Planning" (2011). This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks.. http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/3925 Further, while the levee system has a number of benefits, such as providing bountiful croplands and making vulnerable areas like New Orleans habitable, levees can also sow the seeds of destruction. Problems with levees include soil subsidence and coastal erosion acceleration. Levees also encouraged land development that lured homeowners into hazardous flood plains (Campanella, 2008). Another problem with the levee system is that they starve the wetlands of the Mississippi River Delta of silt and this sediment was not replenished. As a result wetlands have been disappearing at a rate of 20 sq. meters a year (NOVA, 2005). This is a serious issue, considering the protection wetlands provide the Louisiana coast from the devastating effects of storms and floods. In regard to hurricane storm surge protection, Van Heerden (2006) describes wetlands, along with barrier islands, as “the best, most natural, least expensive buffer available” (p. 169). The extent of wetland deterioration over the years has accelerated to the point that their ability to protect the Louisiana coast has greatly diminished. Auto TradeoffAuto industry is racist Mugyenyu and Engler 11 Bianca Mugyenyi coordinator of Concordia's Gender Advocacy Centre and Yves Engler Montréal activist and author The Automobile: Promoting Racism and Inequality / August 24th, 2011 http://dissidentvoice.org/2011/08/the-automobile-promoting-racism-and-inequality/ The more cars in a community the worse it is for poor people, especially those in debt. A recent Wall Street Journal article titled “In Debt Collecting, Location Matters” reveals how companies trying to collect overdue bills can “shop around for the best places to bring their claims.” The article details what debt collectors look for when choosing a small claims court; the ability to pursue as much of a debtor’s assets as possible, a sympathetic judge and, get this, a car-dominated landscape. The WSJ explains, “Decatur Township [an Indianapolis suburb] has become the preferred courthouse for lawyers who collect soured debt on behalf of medical providers, according to Pam Ricker, who has managed the court’s operations for more than 25 years. The township has no hospitals. Ms. Ricker says a lack of public transportation discourages many defendants from showing up in court, resulting in automatic wins for debt collectors.” Somewhere along the way debt collectors realized that people who can’t afford to pay their medical bills are more likely to be car-less and thus less able to attend a small claims court far from any bus service. Apparently, these soulless debt collectors care little that those without a vehicle are probably less able to pay their medical bills. Of course, Decatur Township’s medical collection gambit is an extreme example of how a car-dominated landscape exacerbates inequities, but private car transport also places a greater financial burden on lower income folks in many other ways. All other forms of land transportation are much more accessible. Shoes, a bike, or a metro pass are cheaper than a car, which costs on average $8,500 to own and operate annually. Though they drive less, lower income folks are more likely to live on heavily trafficked streets/neighborhoods. Increased car noise and pollution leads to various ills, including higher rates of asthma and cancer. The car contributes to ill health in other ways. As an important means for the wealthy to assert social dominance, the private car heightens cultural inequities and inequality is an increasingly recognized negative health determinant. The private car has made it possible for the wealthier to live far from the poor (or anyone else without an automobile). Partly to keep out poor people and black folks, suburban counties such as Decatur Township have failed to invest in public transit. In Highway Robbery: Transportation Racism & New Routes to Equity Robert Bullard describes how resistance to “urban” infiltration constrained the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) to serving two of the Atlanta region’s ten counties. When Cobb County voted against joining MARTA the unofficial slogan was “Stop Atlanta.” And so, MARTA is filled with lines that bypass wealthy suburban areas or terminate at their boundaries. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 1.03 Mb. Share with your friends:
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