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Also see the Eldis Gender Resource Guide (http://www.eldis.org/gender/index.htm), the Association for Women’s Rights in Development (www.awid.org), International Food Policy Research Institute’s Gender Tool Box (http://www.ifpri.org/book-20/ourwork/researcharea/gender/gender-tool-box) and BRIDGE (http://www.bridge.ids.ac.uk/). See also Millie Thayer, “Traveling Feminisms: From Embodied Women to Gendered Citizenship,” in Michael Burawoy et al (eds.), Global Ethnography: Forces, Connections and Imaginations in a Postmodern World, 2000, http://www.ucis.pitt.edu/asc/conference/alas/pdf/2010/ThayerTravel.pdf, or Thayer’s Making Transnational Feminism: Rural Women, NGO Activists, and Northern Donors in Brazil, Chapter 6, “Feminists and Funding: Plays of Power in the Social Movement Market,” 2010, Sylvia Chant and Matthew C. Gutmann, “‘Men-streaming’ gender? Questions for gender and development policy in the twenty-first century,” Progress in Development Studies, 2(4), 2002, pp. 269-282, https://www.amherst.edu/system/files/media/1801/Chanf%2520%2526%2520Gutman%25202002.pdf, and Andrea Cornwall, “Whose Voices? Whose Choices?: Reflections on Gender and Participatory Development,” World Development, 31(8), August 2003, pp. 1325-1342, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305750X0300086X.


Mariz Tadros, “Bringing Gender Justice to the Egyptian Parliament,” Institute of Development Studies Policy Briefing, December 2012 [NYU Classes]

WEEK 10: NETMAP EXERCISE

Bring your stakeholder analysis and notes on your case to class.
WEEK 11: DEMOCRACY AND DEVELOPMENT: INFORMAL AND FORMAL POLITICAL STRATEGIES IN THE EFFORT TO BUILD CITIZENSHIP


  1. Naomi Hossain, “Rude Accountability in the Unreformed State: Informal Pressures on Frontline Bureaucrats in Bangladesh,” Institute of Development Studies Working Paper 319, February 2009 [NYU Classes]

  2. Wendy Wolford, “Participatory democracy by default: land reform, social movements and the state in Brazil,” The Journal of Peasant Studies, 37(1), January 2010, pp. 91-109 [NYU Classes]


WEEK 12: EMPOWERMENT AND RIGHTS-BASED APPROACHES TO DEVELOPMENT

Rights-based approaches to development have been increasingly promoted as the solution to move beyond development as a series of handouts and to address the need to create accountable political and economic institutions as the foundations of development while expanding the respect for and promotion of internationally recognized human rights standards.

Discussion Questions:

  • What are the key elements of rights-based approach(es)?

  • What evidence do we have that rights-based approaches are effective at achieving their objectives?

  • What are the tradeoffs associated with a rights-based approach? Do they effectively incorporate concerns for justice with concerns for economic growth?



Be sure to read this case for class, as we will have a substantial part of the class focus on a discussion of the case:

“The Right to be Human: The Dilemmas of Rights-Based Programming at CARE-Bangladesh,” CARE Teaching Resources [NYU Classes]



If you are not familiar with the challenges of sex work in Bangladesh, you might watch the section on Bangladesh from Whores’ Glory a documentary available for streaming on Netflix.
1. Paul Farmer, Pathologies of Power, Chapter 9, “Rethinking Health and Human Rights: Time for a Paradigm Shift,” pp. 213-246

2. World Development Report 2000/2001, Chapter 6, “Making State Institutions More Responsive to Poor People,” pp. 99-115 and Chapter 7, “Removing Social Barriers and Building Social Institutions,” pp. 117-131 [NYU Classes]

4. Varun Gauri and Siri Gloppen, “Human Rights-Based Approaches to Development: Concepts, Evidence, and Policy,” Polity, 44(4), October 2012, pp. 485-503 [NYU Classes]

5. John Gershman and Jonathan Morduch, “Credit Is Not a Right,” Financial Access Initiative, April 2011 [NYU Classes]

6. Aryeh Neier, “Social and Economic Rights: A Critique,” Human Rights Brief, 13(2), 2006 [NYU Classes]
Recommended:


  1. Susanna D. Wing, “Human Rights-Based Approaches to Development: Justice and Legal Fiction in Africa,” Polity, 44(4), October 2012, pp. 504-522 [NYU Classes]

  2. Agnès Binagwaho et al, “Developing Human Rights-Based Strategies to Improve Health among Female Sex Workers in Rwanda,” Health and Human Rights Journal, 12(2), 2010, pp. 89-100 [NYU Classes]

  3. Abhijit W. Banerjee and Esther Duflo, “Mandated Empowerment: Handing Antipoverty Policy Back to the Poor?” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136, 2008, pp. 333-341 [NYU Classes]

  4. Ravi Kanbur, “Attacking Poverty: What is the Value Added of a Human Rights Approach?” February 2007 [NYU Classes]


For further reading:

Shareen Hertel and Lanse Minkler, “Economic Rights: The Terrain,” in Economic Rights: Conceptual, Measurement, and Policy, Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2007, Chapter 1, pp. 1-36 [NYU Classes] and Makau Mutua, “Savages, Victims and Saviors: The Metaphor of Human Rights,” Harvard International Law Journal, 42(1), Winter 2001, pp. 201-209 [NYU Classes]. For a quick overview, see Caterina Ruggeri Laderchi, Ruhi Saith and Frances Stewart, “Does it Matter that we do not Agree on the Definition of Poverty? A Comparison of Four

Approaches,” Oxford Development Studies 31(3), September 2003, pp. 243-274 [NYU Classes]. Also see Naomi Hossain and Mick Moore, “Arguing for the poor: elites and poverty in developing countries,” Institute of Development Studies Working Paper 148, January 2002 [NYU Classes].

For interesting post-development examples, see Karen Brock, Andrea Cornwall, and John Gaventa, “Power, Knowledge, and Political spaces in the Framing of Poverty Policy,” Institute of Development Studies Working paper 143, October 2001 [NYU Classes], and Andrea Cornwall and Karen Brock, “What do Buzzwords do for Development Policy? A critical look at ‘participation’, ‘empowerment’ and ‘poverty reduction’,” Third World Quarterly, 26(7), 2005, pp. 1043-1060 [NYU Classes]. For a critique of the World Development Report 2000/2001 focus on empowerment, see Mick Moore, “Empowerment at Last?” Journal of International Development 13, 2001, pp. 321-329 [NYU Classes]. For others, see “Human Development Report 2003,” United Nations Development Programme [NYU Classes] and Judith Tendler, “What Ever Happened to Poverty Alleviation?” World Development, 17:7, 1989, pp. 1033-1044 [NYU Classes]. For a critique of the “best practice” model, see Lant Pritchett and Michael Woolcock, “Solutions when the Solution is the Problem: Arraying the Disarray in Development,” Center for Global Development Working Paper 10, September 2002 [NYU Classes].

See also Shantayanan Devarajan and Ravi Kanbur, “A Framework for Scaling Up Poverty Reduction, With Illustrations from South Asia,” August 2005 [NYU Classes], Jonathan Fox, “Empowerment and Institutional Change: Mapping “Virtuous Circles” of State-Society Interaction,” in Ruth Alsop (ed.) Power, Rights, and Poverty: Concepts and Connections, (World Bank, 2004), pp. 68-92 [NYU Classes], and Sakiko Fukuda-Parr, “Human Rights Based Approach to Development – Is it a Rhetorical Repackaging or a New Paradigm?” HD Insights, 7, 2007 [NYU Classes].



WEEK 13: POLITICS OF SANITATION


1. Susan E. Chaplin, “Indian cities, sanitation, and the state: the politics of the failure to provide,” Environment and Urbanization, 23(1), 2011, pp. 57-70 [NYU Classes]

2. Jason Kass, “Bill Gates Can’t Build a Toilet,” The New York Times, November 18, 2013 [NYU Classes]

3. Lyla Mehta and Synne Movik (eds.), Shit Matters: The potential of community-led total sanitation, Chapter 2, “Community-led Total Sanitation in Bangladesh: Chronicles of a people’s movement,” pp. 25-37, Chapter 6, “The CLTS story in India: the sanitation story of the Millennium,” pp. 87-100, Chapter 13, “CLTS in India and Indonesia: Institutions, incentives, and politics,” pp. 191-204, “CLTS in Africa: Experiences and potential,” pp. 219-230 [NYU Classes]

4. Joseph Ayee and Richard Crook, “‘Toilet wars’: urban sanitation services and the politics of public-private partnerships in Ghana,” Institute of Development Studies Working Paper 213, December 2003 [NYU Classes]

5. “We Can’t Wait: A Report on Sanitation and Hygiene for Women and Girls,” World Toilet Day Advocacy Report, 2013 [NYU Classes]
Recommended:


  1. Richard Crook and Joseph Ayee, “Urban Service Partnerships: ‘Street-Level Bureaucrats’ and Environmental Sanitation in Kumasi and Accra, Ghana: Coping with Organisational Change in Public Bureaucracy,” Development Policy Review, 24(1), January 2006, pp. 51-73 [NYU Classes]


WEEK 14: VULNERABILITY AND THE POLITICS OF MANAGING RISK AND RESOURCES


1. Duncan Green, From Poverty to Power, Part 4: “Risk and Vulnerability,” pp. 197-290 and Part 5: “The International System,” pp. 291-426

2. “Learning the Lessons? Assessing the response to the 2012 food crisis in the Sahel to build resilience for the future,” Oxfam Briefing Paper 168, April 16, 2013 [NYU Classes]

3. Jesse C. Ribot, “Vulnerability does not Fall from the Sky: Toward Multi-scale Pro-poor Climate Policy,” in Robin Mearns and Andrew Norton (eds.), Social Dimensions of Climate Change: Equity and Vulnerability in a Warming World, (Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2009) [NYU Classes]

4. Thomas Dietz, Elinor Ostrom, Paul C. Stern, “The Struggle to Govern the Commons,” Science, 302, December 12, 2003, pp. 1907-1912 [NYU Classes]

5. Robin Broad and John Cavanagh, “Reframing Development in the Age of Vulnerability: from case studies of the Philippines and Trinidad to new measures of rootedness,” Third World Quarterly, 32(6), 2011, pp. 1127-1145 [NYU Classes]

6. Debate: The Wall Street Journal, January 22, 2011



  • Peter Singer, “No, if the West Makes Sacrifices”

  • Bjorn Lomborg, “Yes, if We Listen to Green Extremists”


Recommended:

  1. Alex Evans, “Resource scarcity, fair shares, and development,” WWF/Oxfam Discussion Paper, 2011 [NYU Classes]

  2. John-Andrew McNeish, “Rethinking Resource Conflict”, World Development Report 2011 Background Paper on Conflict, Security, and Development, September 17, 2010 [NYU Classes]

  3. Ruth S. Meinzen-Dick and Rajendra Pradhan, “Legal Pluralism and Dynamic Property Rights,” CAPRi Working Paper 22, January 2002 [NYU Classes]





WEEK 14: INEQUALITY, REDISTRIBUTION AND AGRARIAN REFORM


Discussion Questions:

  • Is it possible to pursue a redistributive policy under democracy that results in a real transfer of productive resources?

  • What are the examples of effective redistributive programs and what are the coalitional and institutional conditions that make such efforts more likely?

2. Nancy Birdsall, Nora Lustig, and Darryl McLeod, “Declining Inequality in Latin America: Some Economics, Some Politics,” Center for Global Development Working Paper 251, May 2011 [NYU Classes]

3. Bina Agarwal, “Are We Not Peasants Too? Land Rights and Women’s Claims in India,” The Population Council, 2002 [NYU Classes]

4. Ronald J. Herring, “Beyond the Political Impossibility Theorem of Agrarian Reform” [NYU Classes]


For more reading:

See James Putzel, “Land Reforms in Asia: Lessons from the Past for the 21st Century”, London School of Economics Development Studies Institute, January 2000 [NYU Classes], David Lewis, Anthony J. Bebbington, Simon P.J. Batterbury, Alpa Shah, Elizabeth Olson, M. Shameem Siddiqi, and Sandra Duvall, “Practice, power, and meaning: frameworks for studying organizational culture in multi-agency rural development projects,” CCS International Working Paper 12, 2003 [NYU Classes], selections on Equity from the World Development Report 2005/2006, and Caroline Ashley and Simon Maxwell, “Rethinking Rural Development,” Development Policy Review, 19(4), 2001, pp. 395-425 [NYU Classes]





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