PB - PUBLISHER: Institut fuer Palaeontologie der Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg. Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Federal-Republic-of-Germany
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
LA - LANGUAGE: English
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: German
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Anthozoa-; Atlantic-Ocean; atolls-; biologic-evolution; Caribbean-region; Caribbean-Sea; Cenozoic-; Coelenterata-; Colombia-; Invertebrata-; lagoons-; mass-extinctions; Miocene-; Neogene-; North-American-Atlantic; North-Atlantic; Providencia-; Quaternary-; reef-builders; reefs-; sedimentation-; shore-features; South-America; submarine-volcanoes; Tertiary-; volcanoes-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 07-Oceanography
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. sects., 17 plates, 4 tables, geol. sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany
IS - ISSN: 0172-9179
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-014495
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199406
Registro 3530 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Terrane-boundary reactivation; control on the evolution of the Northern Andes.
AU - AUTHORS: Litherland-M; Aspden-J-A
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Br. Geol. Surv., Nottingham, United Kingdom
SO - SOURCE: Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 5; 1, Pages 71-76. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: Pergamon. Oxford, United Kingdom. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-Kingdom
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
LA - LANGUAGE: English
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: Spanish
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; Cauca-Patia-Fault; Chambo-Lineament; Colombia-; Cujili-Fault; Ecuador-; faults-; grabens-; igneous-activity; Ingapiraca-Fault; Northern-Andes; northern-Ecuador; Peltetec-Fault; Romeral-Fault; San-Antonio-Fault; South-America; southern-Colombia; tectonics-; terranes-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 16-Structural-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 25; illus. incl. sect., geol. sketch map.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0895-9811
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-016568
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199408
Registro 3531 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Petrotectonic characterization of the Central Andean Terrane, Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Restrepo-Pace-P-A
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Univ. Ariz., Dep. Geosci., Tucson, AZ, United States
SO - SOURCE: Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 5; 1, Pages 97-116. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: Pergamon. Oxford, United Kingdom. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-Kingdom
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Anaime-Terrane; Central-Andean-Terrane; chemical-composition; Colombia-; evolution-; lithofacies-; lower-Paleozoic; metamorphic-rocks; metamorphism-; mineral-assemblages; Paleozoic-; prograde-metamorphism; schists-; South-America; tectonics-; terranes-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 16-Structural-geology; 05A-Igneous-and-metamorphic-petrology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 66; illus. incl. sects., strat. cols., geol. sketch map.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0895-9811
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-016570
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199408
Registro 3532 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Estimation of the fractal dimension of terrain from lake size distributions.
AU - AUTHORS: Hamilton-Stephen-K; Melack-John-M; Goodchild-Michael-F; Lewis-William-M Jr.
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: University of California at Santa Barbara, Department of Biological Sciences, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: Lowland floodplain rivers; geomorphological perspectives.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Carling-P-A (editor); Petts-G-E (editor)
SO - SOURCE: Pages 146-163. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: John Wiley & Sons. Chichester, United Kingdom. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-Kingdom
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Amazon-River; Brazil-; Colombia-; floodplains-; fluvial-features; fractals-; lacustrine-features; lakes-; landform-description; mathematical-methods; Orinoco-River; rivers-; South-America; Venezuela-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 23-Geomorphology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Book
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 33; illus. incl. sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IB - ISBN: 0-471-93119-5
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-017080
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199408
Registro 3533 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Colombia find wows explorers.
AU - AUTHORS: Shirley-Kathy
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: AAPG Explorer, Tulsa, OK, United States
SO - SOURCE: AAPG Explorer. 13; 8, Pages 1, 16, 18-19. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: central-Colombia; Colombia-; Cusiana-Field; drilling-; Llanos-; oil-and-gas-fields; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus. incl. sketch map.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0195-2986
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-019005
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199409
Registro 3534 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Late Quaternary of the middle Caqueta River area (Columbian Amazonia).
AU - AUTHORS: van-der-Hammen-Thomas; Duivenvoorden-Joost-F; Lips-Johanna-M; Urrego-Ligia-E; Espejo-Nohora
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Univ. Amsterdam, Hugo de Vries Lab., Amsterdam, Netherlands
SO - SOURCE: JQS. Journal of Quaternary Science. 7; 1, Pages 45-55. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons for the Quaternary Research Association. Chichester, United Kingdom. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-Kingdom
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Amazon-Basin; biostratigraphy-; C-14; Caqueta-River-basin; carbon-; Cenozoic-; Colombia-; fluvial-features; geomorphology-; isotopes-; microfossils-; miospores-; palynomorphs-; pollen-; pollen-diagrams; Quaternary-; radioactive-isotopes; rivers-; South-America; upper-Quaternary
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 23-Geomorphology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 33; illus. incl. sects., 1 table, sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0267-8179
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-029022
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199414
Registro 3535 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Late-glacial and Holocene sedimentation and fluctuations of river water level in the Caqueta River area (Colombian Amazonia).
AU - AUTHORS: van-der-Hammen-Thomas; Urrego-Ligia-E; Espejo-Nohora; Duivenvoorden-Joost-F; Lips-Johanna-M
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Univ. Amsterdam, Hugo de Vries Lab., Amsterda, Netherlands
SO - SOURCE: JQS. Journal of Quaternary Science. 7; 1, Pages 57-67. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons for the Quaternary Research Association. Chichester, United Kingdom. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-Kingdom
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Amazon-Basin; biostratigraphy-; C-14; Caqueta-River-basin; carbon-; Cenozoic-; Colombia-; cyclic-processes; fluvial-sedimentation; Holocene-; isotopes-; miospores-; palynomorphs-; pollen-; pollen-analysis; Quaternary-; radioactive-isotopes; sedimentation-; sedimentation-rates; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 24-Quaternary-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 11; illus. incl. sects., 1 table, sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0267-8179
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-029023
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199414
Registro 3536 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Smaragde aus Hydrothermal-Paragenesen
Translated Title: Emeralds from hydrothermal paragenesis.
AU - AUTHORS: Niedermayr-Gerhard
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Naturhist. Mus. Wien, Vienna, Austria
SO - SOURCE: Mineralien-Welt. 3; 3, Pages 54. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: Bode. Haltern, Federal Republic of Germany. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: Federal-Republic-of-Germany
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
LA - LANGUAGE: German
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Afghanistan-; Asia-; Colombia-; emerald-; fluid-inclusions; gems-; hydrothermal-alteration; hydrothermal-processes; inclusions-; Indian-Peninsula; metasomatism-; mineral-deposits,-genesis; Pakistan-; paragenesis-; ring-silicates; silicates-; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 28A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-nonmetal-deposits; 01B-Mineralogy-of-silicates
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from Geoline, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Hanover, Germany
IS - ISSN: 0939-6640
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-030646
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199414
Registro 3537 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Palynological evidences of Miocene sea-level changes in the Colombian Amazon Basin.
AU - AUTHORS: Hoorn-Carina; Lorente-Maria-A
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Universiteit van Amsterdam, Hugo de Vries Laboratorium, Amsterdam, Netherlands
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: Abstracts of the proceedings of the Twenty-fourth annual meeting of the American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: Palynology. 16; Pages 222. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists. Dallas, TX, United States. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: Twenty-fourth annual meeting of the American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists. San Diego, CA, United States. Oct. 20-23, 1991.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Amazon-Basin; biostratigraphy-; Cenozoic-; changes-of-level; Colombia-; composition-; microfossils-; Miocene-; Neogene-; paleobotany-; palynomorphs-; South-America; Tertiary-; textures-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 12-Stratigraphy
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0191-6122
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-038279
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199418
Registro 3538 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Paleozoic paleogeographic and depositional developments on the central proto-Pacific margin of Gondwana; their importance to hydrocarbon accumulation.
AU - AUTHORS: Gohrbandt-K-H-A
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Chevron Overseas Petroleum, San Ramon, CA, United States
SO - SOURCE: Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 6; 4, Pages 267-287. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: Pergamon. Oxford, United Kingdom. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-Kingdom
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
LA - LANGUAGE: English
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: Spanish
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Argentina-; Bolivia-; Brazil-; Chile-; Colombia-; Ecuador-; epicontinental-seas; erosion-; genesis-; Gondwana-; marine-environment; paleogeography-; Paleozoic-; Paraguay-; Peru-; petroleum-; sedimentary-rocks; sedimentation-; shelf-environment; South-America
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 66; illus. incl. chart, geol. sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0895-9811
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-041431
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199419
Registro 3539 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Erosional and depositional features produced by a convulsive event, San Carlos, Colombia, September 21st., 1990.
AU - AUTHORS: Hermelin-Michel; Mejia-R-Oscar; Velasquez-M-Elkin
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Universidad Nacional, Facultad de Mines, Medellin, Colombia
SO - SOURCE: Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology. 45; Pages 89-96. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: International Association of Engineering Geology. Krefeld, International. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: International
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
LA - LANGUAGE: English
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: French
DE - DESCRIPTORS: aerial-photography; Colombia-; drainage-basins; engineering-geology; erosion-; floods-; mass-movements; mudflows-; rainfall-; San-Carlos-River; slope-stability; South-America; water-erosion
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 30-Engineering-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 15; illus. incl. sketch maps.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0074-1612
CO - CODEN: BIEGB6
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-042434
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199420
Registro 3540 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: The May 14, 1942, Ecuador earthquake and subduction along the Colombia-Ecuador Trench.
AU - AUTHORS: Beck-Susan-L
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: University of Arizona, Department of Geosciences, Tucson, AZ, United States
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: 87th annual meeting of the Seismological Society of America; abstracts.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: Seismological Research Letters. 63; 1, Pages 28. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: Seismological Society of America, Eastern Section. [El Cerrito, CA], United States. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: 87th annual meeting of the Seismological Society of America. Santa Fe, NM, United States. April 13-15, 1992.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: aftershocks-; Colombia-; Colombia-Ecuador-Trench; earthquakes-; Ecuador-; Ecuador-earthquake-1942; elastic-waves; epicenters-; focal-mechanism; interpretation-; rupture-; seismic-waves; South-America; subduction-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 19-Seismology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute.
IS - ISSN: 0895-0695
CO - CODEN: EAQNAT
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-048018
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199422
Registro 3541 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Contribution de l'etude des phases fluides et de la geochimie isotopique (super 18) O/ (super 16) O, (super 13) C/ (super 12) C a la genese des gisements d'emeraude de la Cordillere orientale de la Colombie
Translated Title: Fluid phase and (super 18) O/ (super 16) O, (super 13) C/ (super 12) C isotopic geochemistry contribution to the genesis of emerald deposits in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Giuliani-G; Sheppard-S-M-F; Cheilletz-A; Rodriguez-C
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: CNRS, ORSTOM, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
SO - SOURCE: Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Serie 2, Mecanique, Physique, Chimie, Sciences de l'Univers, Sciences de la Terre. 314; 3, Pages 269-274. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: Gauthier-Villars. Montrouge, France. 1992.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: France
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
LA - LANGUAGE: French
LS - LANGUAGE OF SUMMARY: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; C-13-C-12; carbon-; carbonates-; chemical-ratios; Colombia-; Eastern-Cordillera; emerald-; fluid-phase; framework-silicates; gems-; isotopes-; mineral-deposits,-genesis; O-18-O-16; organic-compounds; organic-materials; oxygen-; quartz-; ring-silicates; silica-minerals; silicates-; South-America; stable-isotopes
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 28A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-nonmetal-deposits; 02D-Isotope-geochemistry
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Serial
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: Refs: 18; illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from PASCAL, Institute de l'Information Scientifique et Technique, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
IS - ISSN: 0764-4450
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1994-048617
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199422
Registro 3542 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: The validity and valiability of Neosaimiri fieldsi, middle Miocene primate fossils from La Venta, Colombia, South America.
AU - AUTHORS: Takai-Masanaru; Setoguchi-Takeshi
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Univ. Kyoto, Primate Res. Inst., JPN, Japan
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: 29th international geological congress; abstracts.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: International Geological Congress, Abstracts--Congres Geologique Internationale, Resumes. 29; Pages 348. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: [International Geological Congress]. [location varies], International. 1992.
RP - RESEARCH PROGRAM: IGC (International Geological Congress)
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: International
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: 29th international geological congress. Kyoto, Japan. Aug. 24-Sept. 3, 1992.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: absolute-age; Andes-; biologic-evolution; biostratigraphy-; Cenozoic-; Chordata-; Colombia-; Eutheria-; fission-track-dating; geochronology-; La-Venta-Colombia; Mammalia-; middle-Miocene; Miocene-; Neogene-; Neosaimiri-fieldsi; Primates-; South-America; teeth-; Tertiary-; Tetrapoda-; Theria-; Vertebrata-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 11-Vertebrate-paleontology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
IL - ILLUSTRATION: illus.
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from PASCAL, Institute de l'Information Scientifique et Technique, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
CO - CODEN: IGABBY
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1995-020636
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199508
Registro 3543 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: Chemical and isotopic characteristics of fumarolic gases and thermal waters from active volcanoes, northern Andes Mountains, Colombia, South America.
AU - AUTHORS: Sturchio-N-C; Williams-S-N; Sano-Y
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Argonne National Lab., Geosci. /CMT-205, Argonne, IL 60439-4837, United States
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: 29th international geological congress; abstracts.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: International Geological Congress, Abstracts--Congres Geologique Internationale, Resumes. 29; Pages 203. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: [International Geological Congress]. [location varies], International. 1992.
RP - RESEARCH PROGRAM: IGC (International Geological Congress)
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: International
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: 29th international geological congress. Kyoto, Japan. Aug. 24-Sept. 3, 1992.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; Ar-40; argon-; C-13; carbon-; carbon-dioxide; Colombia-; fumaroles-; geochemistry-; hydrochemistry-; hydrogen-sulfide; isotopes-; noble-gases; Northern-Andes; pH-; S-34; South-America; stable-isotopes; sulfur-; sulfur-dioxide; temperature-; thermal-waters; volcanism-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 02D-Isotope-geochemistry; 05A-Igneous-and-metamorphic-petrology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from PASCAL, Institute de l'Information Scientifique et Technique, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
CO - CODEN: IGABBY
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1995-020857
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199508
Registro 3544 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
TI - TITLE: The middle Miocene marine incursion in the western Amazon basins.
AU - AUTHORS: Hoorn-Maria-C
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Univ. Amsterdam, Hugo De Vries Lab., NLD, Netherlands
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: 29th international geological congress; abstracts.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: International Geological Congress, Abstracts--Congres Geologique Internationale, Resumes. 29; Pages 286. 1992.
PB - PUBLISHER: [International Geological Congress]. [location varies], International. 1992.
RP - RESEARCH PROGRAM: IGC (International Geological Congress)
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: International
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: 29th international geological congress. Kyoto, Japan. Aug. 24-Sept. 3, 1992.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Amazon-Basin; biostratigraphy-; brackish-water-environment; Brazil-; Cenozoic-; clastic-sediments; clay-; coal-; Colombia-; Dinoflagellata-; eustacy-; Foraminifera-; Invertebrata-; lagoonal-environment; Langhian-; lignite-; microfossils-; middle-Miocene; Miocene-; mires-; Mollusca-; Neogene-; organic-compounds; organic-materials; organic-residues; paleoenvironment-; palynomorphs-; Peru-; Protista-; sand-; sea-level-changes; sedimentary-rocks; sediments-; South-America; swamps-; Tertiary-; transgression-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 12-Stratigraphy; 06A-Sedimentary-petrology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data from PASCAL, Institute de l'Information Scientifique et Technique, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
CO - CODEN: IGABBY
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1995-028975
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199511
Registro 3545 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 3: 1985-1992
BK - BOOK TITLE: Stable isotopic records of venerid bivalve shells; environmental information from the eastern Pacific Ocean and southern Caribbean Sea.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Bemis-Bryan-Edward
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1992
DG - DEGREE GRANTED: Master's
DI - DEGREE GRANTING INSTITUTION: University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, WI, United States. 1992.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: Stable isotopic records of venerid bivalve shells from several hydrographically distinct environments in the eastern Pacific Ocean and southern Caribbean Sea appear to record the hydrographic conditions of these regions. Oxygen isotopic profiles reflect the bathymetric distributions and annual variations of temperature and salinity in these regions, whereas carbon isotopic profiles offer information that is as yet uninterpretable concerning specific environmental conditions in the study area. Higher delta (super 18) O maxima and minima generally occur in the isotopic records of shells that lived in deeper waters. This pattern may be useful as an indicator of relative depth of habitat in fossil venerid bivalves. Differences in maxima and minima among depths are pronounced in Pacific shells due to large vertical gradients of temperature and salinity in Pacific environments. Shells of Chione kellettii from progressively deeper habitats in Parita Bay of the eastern Pacific Gulf of Panama exhibit increases in delta (super 18) O maxima from -1.6 per mil at 20 m depth to -0.8 per mil at 33 m and -0.1 per mil at 45 m. Minimum delta (super 18) O from these shells are -3.4 per mil, -2.6 per mil, and -1.7 per mil, respectively. Maximum delta (super 18) O of shells from the vicinity of the Pearl Islands in the Gulf of Panama increases between less than 10 m (-1.0 per mil) and 99 m (0.7 per mil), and minimum delta (super 18) O increase from -3.2 per mil to -2.4 per mil over the depth interval. Caribbean shells exhibit weaker trends in delta (super 18) O maxima and minima than do Pacific shells, due to smaller bathymetric gradients of temperature and salinity in Caribbean environments. Shells from coastal waters of northern Panama and northwestern Colombia exhibit increases in delta (super 18) O maxima over depth intervals of less than 10 m (-1.5 per mil) to 24 m (-1.4 per mil to 47 m (-1.3 per mil), and minimum 5180 values in the shells from these depths are -2.5 per mil, -2.1 per mil, and -2.0 per mil, respectively. In a shell from 68 m, delta (super 18) O maximum and minimum values are -1.6 per mil and -2.4 per mil, ending the trend for shallower depths. Shells from coastal waters of northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela exhibit an increase in delta (super 18) O maxima from 16 m (- 0.8 per mil) to 27 m (-0.7 per mil) to 55 m (0.2 per mil). Minimum delta (super 18) O does not exhibit a consistent pattern with depth, but does suggest a tendency toward lower values in deeper environments: -2.2 per mil at 16 m, -2.5 per mil at 27 m, and -2.4 per mil at 55 m. In contrast with findings relating to bivalves from temperate waters, the magnitude of shell delta (super 18) O range does not exhibit a clear and consistent directional trend with depth, and is therefore not a reliable depth indicator in these tropical environments. A weak decrease in delta (super 18) O ranges of shells from Parita Bay, from 20 and 33 m (1.8 per mil) to 45 m (1.6 per mil), is opposite the pattern of increasing ranges from less than 10 m (2.2 per mil) to 99 m (3.1 per mil) near the Pearl Islands. Shells from northern Panama and northwestern Colombia record a general decrease in delta (super 18) O range from less than 10 m (1.0 per mil) to 24 and 47 m (0.7 per mil), and a subsequent increase at 68 m (0.8 per mil). A strong trend of increasing delta (super 18) O range occurs in shells from northeastern Colombia and northern Venezuela: 1.4 per mil at 16 m, 1.8 per mil at 27 m, and 2.6 per mil at 55 m. Ranges of shell delta (super 18) O seem to distinguish the annual ranges and interactions of temperature and salinity characteristic of environments within the eastern Pacific and southern Caribbean. Generally, annual growth cycles are more pronounced and delta (super 18) O ranges are greater in Pacific shells, relative to those from Caribbean environments. These patterns may represent a potentially useful tool for reconstructing paleoenvironments of the Isthmus of Panama. At less than 10 m depth, shell delta (super 18) O range is greatest in the Gulf of Panama (2.2 per mil), which exhibits large variations of temperature and salinity and an inverse seasonal temperature-salinity correlation. Temperature and salinity vary less in the Gulf of Chiriqui (1.6 per mil), where temperature and salinity exhibit a roughly positive correlation, and in the coastal waters off the northern coast of Panama (1.0 per mil), where temperature and salinity are not correlated. At 16-24 m depth, shell delta (super 18) O ranges are largest in the Gulf of Panama (3.0 per mil and 2.8 per mil), followed by ranges from the upwelling region off northern Colombia (1.4 per mil) and a non-upwelling area off northern Panama (0.7 per mil). Parita Bay has large and inversely correlated temperature and salinity variations, whereas the other regions have consecutively smaller variations of temperature and salinity that are not correlated. Shell delta (super 18) O ranges from depths of 27-33 m in the Gulf of Panama and the upwelling area off northern Colombia are both 1.8 per mil, indicating similar hydrographic conditions at comparable depths in each environment. At 45-55 m depth, shell delta (super 18) O ranges from northern Venezuela, the Gulf of Panama, and northern Panama are 2.6 per mil, 0.9 per mil, and 0.7 per mil, respectively, illustrating the hierarchy of environmental variability in these environments. The shell delta (super 18) O range from 99 m in the Gulf of Panama is larger than that from 70 m depth in a non-upwelling environment off northern Colombia due to large annual temperature and salinity variations and an inverse temperature-salinity correlation. Carbon isotopic profiles offer much information about an organism and its environment, but interactions of environmental and biological influences are not well understood and difficult to interpret at the present time. Variations in delta (super 13) C may primarily reflect seasonal effects of temperature, freshwater mixing, and phytoplankton productivity, or they may record the significant contributions of biological effects. Cyclic variations in delta (super 13) C tend to be more pronounced in Pacific shells relative to Caribbean individuals, and Caribbean shells from depths of less than 70 m characteristically exhibit greater delta (super 13) C ranges than do Pacific shells from comparable depths. Several Pacific and Caribbean shells exhibit apparent ontogenetic increases or decreases in delta (super 13) C.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: annual-variations; Atlantic-Ocean; bathymetry-; Bivalvia-; C-13-C-12; carbon-; Caribbean-Sea; Cenozoic-; Central-America; Colombia-; depth-indicators; East-Pacific; environmental-analysis; Gulf-of-Panama; Holocene-; Invertebrata-; isotopes-; marine-environment; Mollusca-; North-Atlantic; North-Pacific; Northeast-Pacific; northern-Venezuela; northwestern-Colombia; O-18-O-16; oxygen-; Pacific-Ocean; Panama-; Parita-Bay; Pearl-Islands; Quaternary-; salinity-; shells-; South-America; southern-Caribbean-Sea; stable-isotopes; temperature-; venerids-; Venezuela-
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