DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; arenite-; cement-; cementation-; Cenozoic-; clastic-rocks; Colombia-; compaction-; compression-tectonics; controls-; Cretaceous-; deformation-; diagenesis-; Eastern-Cordillera; evolution-; faults-; fluid-inclusions; framework-silicates; geochemistry-; geologic-thermometry; inclusions-; Mesozoic-; migration-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; Piedemonte-Lanero; porosity-; quartz-; quartz-arenite; reconstruction-; reservoir-rocks; sedimentary-rocks; silica-minerals; silicates-; source-rocks; South-America; tectonics-; temperature-; Tertiary-; textures-; thermal-maturity; thrust-faults; thrust-sheets; Upper-Cretaceous; variations-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States
IS - ISSN: 0149-1423
CO - CODEN: AABUD2
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1996-072159
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199622
Registro 4663 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 4: 1993-1996
TI - TITLE: Reconstruccion de los procesos de generacion y migracion en el sector Norte de los Llanos orientales, Colombia
Translated Title: Reconstruction of generation and migration processes in the northern sector of the eastern Llanos, Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Ramon-Juan-C; Dzou-Leon
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Instituto Colombiano del Petroleo, COL, Colombia
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: AAPG international conference and exhibition; abstracts.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: AAPG Bulletin. 80; 8, Pages 1327. 1996.
PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1996.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1996
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: AAPG international conference and exhibition. Caracas, Venezuela. Sept. 8-11, 1996.
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
DE - DESCRIPTORS: biomarkers-; Cenozoic-; Colombia-; correlation-; crude-oil; genesis-; lithofacies-; Llanos-; migration-; organic-compounds; organic-materials; petroleum-; processes-; quantitative-analysis; South-America; spatial-distribution; Tertiary-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States
IS - ISSN: 0149-1423
CO - CODEN: AABUD2
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1996-072169
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199622
Registro 4664 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 4: 1993-1996
TI - TITLE: Evaluacion geoquimica de roca fuente y crudos en la Cordillera Oriental, Colombia; implicaciones sobre el modelo de evolucion geologica
Translated Title: Geochemical evaluation of source rock and crude oil in the Eastern Cordillera, Colombia; implications on geological evolution models.
AU - AUTHORS: Ramon-Juan-C; Dzou-Leon
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Instituto Colombiano del Petroleo, COL, Colombia
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: AAPG international conference and exhibition; abstracts.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: AAPG Bulletin. 80; 8, Pages 1327. 1996.
PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1996.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1996
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: AAPG international conference and exhibition. Caracas, Venezuela. Sept. 8-11, 1996.
LA - LANGUAGE: Spanish
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; biodegradation-; Cenozoic-; Colombia-; Cretaceous-; crude-oil; Eastern-Cordillera; evaluation-; evolution-; faults-; geochemistry-; grabens-; interpretation-; Llanos-; Magdalena-Valley; Mesozoic-; Miocene-; models-; Neogene-; normal-faults; petroleum-; source-rocks; South-America; systems-; tectonics-; Tertiary-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; 16-Structural-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States
IS - ISSN: 0149-1423
CO - CODEN: AABUD2
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1996-072170
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199622
Registro 4665 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 4: 1993-1996
TI - TITLE: Exploration for stratigraphic traps in a foreland basin using a sequence stratigraphic simulation; examples from the Eocene/ Oligocene of the Apure-Llanos Basin, Venezuela.
AU - AUTHORS: Reistroffer-John; Levine-Phillip-A; Kendall-Christopher-G-St-C; Finno-Anahy
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: AAPG international conference and exhibition; abstracts.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: AAPG Bulletin. 80; 8, Pages 1328. 1996.
PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1996.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1996
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: AAPG international conference and exhibition. Caracas, Venezuela. Sept. 8-11, 1996.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: Foreland basin depositional sequences provide a sensitive record of the interaction between tectonism, eustatic sea level fluctuations, and sedimentation rates. Interplay between these controlling factors creates sedimentary geometries which are unique to this tectonic setting and form excellent stratigraphic hydrocarbon traps. Incised valley fill deposits, forced regression deposits, and combination structure-stratigraphic traps are the predominant reservoir types. In an effort to extend our understanding of the development of these traps, the sequence stratigraphy of a regional seismic transect through the Apure-Llanos basin was simulated. From the Late Eocene through Oligocene, the Apure-Llanos basin was characterized by multiple phases of compression and a southeast migrating depocenter. Sands of the Mirador and Carbonera formations, which onlap the Arauca Arch to the southeast, were shed from the Guyana craton and were cannibalized from sediments along the deformation front to the northwest. These sands comprise the principal reservoirs in the study area. Shales of the Leon Formation, which act as a regional seal, were deposited during rapid flexural subsidence and eustatic sea level rise during the early Oligocene. The Arauca Arch acted as a focal mechanism for east and southeast migrating hydrocarbons. Simulation results predict an important stratigraphic pinch out of the Mirador Formation sands against the Arauca Arch, which correlates with the Arauca Field in Colombia to the southwest. Also, modeling indicates that minimal Tertiary oil production in the La Victoria Field to the east is due to the lack of an adequate seal. Our results provide a conceptual model which predicts hydrocarbon reservoir and seal relationships in a foreland basin setting with limited data control.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Apure-Llanos-Basin; Arauca-Arch; Arauca-Field; basins-; Carbonera-Formation; Cenozoic-; Colombia-; compression-tectonics; deformation-; Eocene-; eustacy-; evolution-; flexure-; foreland-basins; geometry-; Guyana-Shield; La-Victoria-Field; Leon-Formation; Llanos-; mechanism-; migration-; Mirador-Formation; oil-and-gas-fields; Oligocene-; Paleogene-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; provenance-; regression-; reservoir-rocks; sea-level-changes; sedimentation-; sedimentation-rates; sequence-stratigraphy; simulation-; South-America; stratigraphic-traps; stratigraphic-wedges; structural-traps; subsidence-; tectonics-; Tertiary-; transgression-; traps-; Venezuela-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; 12-Stratigraphy
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States
IS - ISSN: 0149-1423
CO - CODEN: AABUD2
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1996-072174
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199622
Registro 4666 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 4: 1993-1996
TI - TITLE: Timing of hydrocarbon maturation and trap formation in the Cordillera Oriental and adjacent petroleum provinces of Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Schamel-Steven; Richardson-Allen; Carlos-Arturo-Alfonso-P
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: University of Utah, Earth Sciences & Resources Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: AAPG international conference and exhibition; abstracts.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: AAPG Bulletin. 80; 8, Pages 1334. 1996.
PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1996.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1996
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: AAPG international conference and exhibition. Caracas, Venezuela. Sept. 8-11, 1996.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: The timing of hydrocarbon generation relative to the closure of migration pathways and trap formation is key to characterization of the petroleum systems of the Cordillera Oriental and the prolific petroleum provinces of the Llanos and Magdalena. The exceptionally thick and organic rich Cretaceous source rock successions of the Cordillera Oriental had the potential to have generated vast quantities of liquid hydrocarbons. Yet due to unfavorable timing of hydrocarbon maturation versus regional deformation, only a small portion of this oil may have migrated into traps beyond the limits of the Cordillera Oriental. Maturation modeling based on detailed stratigraphic and structural data for sites in the Cordillera Oriental, Llanos, and the Middle and Upper Magdalena basins reveal the essential temporal features of the petroleum system. Virtually all of the Cretaceous source rock succession was generating liquid hydrocarbons in the Late Cretaceous and Paleocene, long before the development of the main structural traps within and along the foothills belts marginal to the Cordillera Oriental. Only in the northeast quarter and extreme south of the Cordillera Oriental and in the deeper parts of the flanking basins was oil being generated simultaneous with trap formation. The maturation modeling serves as a basis for understanding the known distribution of oil pools and a guide to future discoveries.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; Cenozoic-; Colombia-; Cretaceous-; deformation-; Eastern-Cordillera; genesis-; Llanos-; Magdalena-Valley; maturity-; Mesozoic-; migration-; models-; Paleocene-; Paleogene-; petroleum-; source-rocks; South-America; spatial-distribution; structural-traps; Tertiary-; traps-; Upper-Cretaceous
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States
IS - ISSN: 0149-1423
CO - CODEN: AABUD2
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1996-072200
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199622
Registro 4667 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 4: 1993-1996
TI - TITLE: The subthrust trap beneath the western foothills of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Silva-Mauricio-A; Osorio-Mauricio; Sharp-Alastair
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Lasmo International, Bogota, Colombia
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: AAPG international conference and exhibition; abstracts.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: AAPG Bulletin. 80; 8, Pages 1336. 1996.
PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1996.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1996
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: AAPG international conference and exhibition. Caracas, Venezuela. Sept. 8-11, 1996.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: LASMO started exploration in the Espinal Block within the Upper Magdalena Valley of Colombia in 1987. Since then six exploration wells have been drilled within the block which have resulted in four New Field Wildcat successes. Two of these successes have been in subthrust configurations. This presentation shall describe the exploration and appraisal techniques used to delimit the Venganza Field which was the first subthrust field discovery made in Colombia. The first stages of our exploration for the subthrust trap were conventional seismic surveying, and structural modelling using the excellent geological outcrop data. These led to the formulation of the Venganza prospect which comprised tilted Late Cretaceous Guadalupe sandstones overthrusted by stratigraphically older Villeta shales. The Venganza Prospect was drilled in 1991 and encountered the reservoir as expected directly beneath the thrust plane, and produced oil at 5,800 barrels/day on test. Subsequent to the Venganza-1 discovery, further seismic data were acquired and processed using pre-stack depth migration. These new data "verified" the Venganza geological model, and formed the basis for appraisal drilling. The Venganza-2 appraisal well, drilled 4 km to the north of the successful exploration well, was dry and indicated that the subthrust trap configuration was much more subtle than first anticipated. The presentation shall then demonstrate the evolution of our understanding of the subthrust trap configuration and the evolution of our search techniques for it.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; clastic-rocks; Colombia-; Cretaceous-; data-acquisition; drilling-; Eastern-Cordillera; Espinal-Block; evaluation-; evolution-; faults-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-surveys; Guadalupe-Formation; history-; Magdalena-Valley; Mesozoic-; models-; outcrops-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; production-; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; seismic-methods; shale-; South-America; structural-traps; surveys-; thrust-faults; traps-; Upper-Cretaceous; Vengaza-Prospect; Villeta-Formation; wells-
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; 16-Structural-geology
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States
IS - ISSN: 0149-1423
CO - CODEN: AABUD2
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1996-072210
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199622
Registro 4668 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 4: 1993-1996
TI - TITLE: Opon gas renews interest in the hydrocarbon prolific middle Magdalena Basin, Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Stone-Denise-M; Elliott-Robert; Latimer-Glenn; Steuer-Mark
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Amoco Exploration and Production Company, Houston, TX, United States
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: AAPG international conference and exhibition; abstracts.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: AAPG Bulletin. 80; 8, Pages 1338-1339. 1996.
PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1996.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1996
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: AAPG international conference and exhibition. Caracas, Venezuela. Sept. 8-11, 1996.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: A total of 45 fields have been discovered in the Middle Magdelena basin of Colombia since 1918. In August 1994, the Amoco-operated Opon-3 well tested significant hydrocarbons in the basin. The well flowed 45 MMCFGPD and 2000 BCPD from 1118 feet of perforations between 10018 and 12348 feet. A second well, Opon-4, tested 58 MMCFGPD from the same interval. Opon now appears to be a significant gas condensate field. A full assessment of commercial potential requires 3D seismic data, as well as further development drilling. Operational challenges include: drilling, coring, logging, cementing and testing in a world-record setting 23 ppg hematite-weighted mud environment involving simultaneous perforation over a 2330 foot gross pay interval and management of high production rates at >8000 psi FwHP. The Opon structure is a surface anticline on the western edge of the Eastern Cordillera fold and thrust belt. Seismic definition of the trap, however, is complicated by multiple faults, steep dips, rugged topography and variable surface velocities. The main gas reservoirs are fluvial sandstones of the Eocene La Paz Formation sealed by the overlying upper Eocene Las Esmeraldas Formation shales. Individual producing sandstones range from 40 to 200 feet thick in a minimum gross gas column of 4200 feet. Average porosity is 6%. Tectonically induced fractures probably enhance reservoir performance.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; anticlines-; Cenozoic-; clastic-rocks; Colombia-; condensates-; cores-; development-; drilling-; Eastern-Cordillera; Eocene-; evaluation-; faults-; fold-and-thrust-belts; folds-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-surveys; history-; La-Paz-Formation; Las-Esmeraldas-Formation; Magdalena-Basin; natural-gas; naturally-fractured-reservoirs; oil-and-gas-fields; Paleogene-; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; porosity-; production-; sandstone-; sedimentary-rocks; seismic-methods; shale-; South-America; structural-traps; surveys-; Tertiary-; testing-; three-dimensional-models; traps-; velocity-; well-logs
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States
IS - ISSN: 0149-1423
CO - CODEN: AABUD2
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1996-072219
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199622
Registro 4669 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 4: 1993-1996
TI - TITLE: Seismic acquisition and processing methodologies in overthrust areas; some examples from Latin America.
AU - AUTHORS: Tilander-Nathaniel-G; Mitchel-Robert-G
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Chevron Overseas Petroleum, San Ramon, CA, United States
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: AAPG international conference and exhibition; abstracts.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: AAPG Bulletin. 80; 8, Pages 1340. 1996.
PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1996.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1996
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: AAPG international conference and exhibition. Caracas, Venezuela. Sept. 8-11, 1996.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: Overthrust areas represent some of the last frontiers in petroleum exploration today. Billion barrel discoveries in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and the Monagas fold-thrust belt of Venezuela during the past decade have highlighted the potential rewards for overthrust exploration. However the seismic data recorded in many overthrust areas is disappointingly poor. Challenges such as rough topography, complex subsurface structure, presence of high-velocity rocks at the surface, back-scattered energy and severe migration wavefronting continue to lower data quality and reduce interpretability. Lack of well/velocity control also reduces the reliability of depth estimations and migrated images. Failure to obtain satisfactory pre-drill structural images can easily result in costly wildcat failures. Advances in the methodologies used by Chevron for data acquisition, processing and interpretation have produced significant improvements in seismic data quality in Bolivia, Colombia and Trinidad. In this paper, seismic test results showing various swath geometries will be presented. We will also show recent examples of processing methods which have led to improved structural imaging. Rather than focusing on "black box" methodology, we will emphasize the cumulative effect of step-by-step improvements. Finally, the critical significance and interrelation of velocity measurements, modeling and depth migration will be explored. Pre-drill interpretations must ultimately encompass a variety of model solutions, and error bars should be established which realistically reflect the uncertainties in the data.
DE - DESCRIPTORS: Andes-; Antilles-; Bolivia-; Caribbean-region; Colombia-; data-acquisition; data-processing; Eastern-Cordillera; errors-; faults-; geometry-; geophysical-methods; geophysical-surveys; interpretation-; Latin-America; Lesser-Antilles; methods-; models-; Monagas-Venezuela; petroleum-; petroleum-exploration; seismic-methods; seismic-migration; South-America; surveys-; thrust-faults; Trinidad-; Trinidad-and-Tobago; velocity-; Venezuela-; West-Indies
CC - CATEGORY CODES: 29A-Economic-geology,-geology-of-energy-sources; 20-Applied-geophysics
DT - DOCUMENT TYPE: Abstract; Serial; Conference-Document
BL - BIB LEVEL: Analytic
RF - REFERENCE SOURCE: GeoRef, Copyright 2000, American Geological Institute. Reference includes data supplied by American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, United States
IS - ISSN: 0149-1423
CO - CODEN: AABUD2
AN - ACCESSION NUMBER: 1996-072225
UD - UPDATE CODE: 199622
Registro 4670 de 5614 - GeoRef Disc 4: 1993-1996
TI - TITLE: Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy of the Maranon-Oriente-Putumayo basins, northeastern Peru, eastern Ecuador and southeastern Colombia.
AU - AUTHORS: Valasek-Dave; Aleman-Antenor-M; Marksteiner-Robert
AF - AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Amoco Production Company, Houston, TX, United States
BK - BOOK TITLE: In: AAPG international conference and exhibition; abstracts.
BA - BOOK AUTHORS: Anonymous
SO - SOURCE: AAPG Bulletin. 80; 8, Pages 1341-1342. 1996.
PB - PUBLISHER: American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Tulsa, OK, United States. 1996.
CP - COUNTRY OF PUBLICATION: United-States
PY - PUBLICATION YEAR: 1996
CN - CONFERENCE INFORMATION: AAPG international conference and exhibition. Caracas, Venezuela. Sept. 8-11, 1996.
LA - LANGUAGE: English
AB - ABSTRACT: The Cretaceous of the Maranon, Oriente, and Putumayo (MOP) Basins were deposited in a tectonic setting varying from a passive margin in southeastern Colombia and eastern Ecuador to a retro-arc setting in northeastern Peru. Transgression took place from northwest to southeast. Cretaceous deposition was diachronous across the basin in an epeiric sea. Accommodation was greater in the Maranon than the Oriente and Putumayo basins. The oldest Cretaceous strata consist of aggradational braided fluvial deposits formations above a regional sequence boundary. They consist of aggradational high frequency genetic sequences with complex lateral small-scale sequence boundary relationships. Local small-scale progradational deltaic deposits are present in stratigraphically higher positions. Several high frequency amalgamated incised valleys cap fluvial deposits. All valley deposits are truncated by a transgressive surface of erosion overlain by marine mudstones and shelf palimpsest deposits below the Albian maximum flooding surface. These valley deposits are overlain by five genetic sequences. A genetic cycle begins with thin aggradational deposits capped by a condensed interval. Shaly limestones are deposited during transgression until resumed clastic influx during progradation terminates the limestone deposition. Small-scale valleys were incised and filled after maximum progradation. The Peruvian phase of the Andean Orogeny ended marine deposition in the MOP basin as indicated by the Vivian Formation which is only present in the Maranon Basin. This unit consists of two genetic sequences made up of valley-fill deposits with both present in the east and one to the west. Unlike the Napo valley-fill deposits the Vivian Formation consists entirely of aggradational terrestrial fluvial deposits.
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