Notes on African-American History Since 1900

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315^{Robert Justin Goldstein, Political Repression in Modern America, (Schensman Publishing Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1978, p. 52).}

316^{Ibid., p. 529}

317^{Counter-Intelligence, (op, cit., p. 50).}

318^{Ibid., p. 210}

319^{Ibid., p. 213.}

320^{Counter-Intelligence, op. cit., p. 58.}

321^{Ibid., p. 28.}

322^{Goldstein, Political Repression in Modern America, op. cit., p. 465.}

323^{Michael A. Knoll, “The Prison Eximent,” Southern Exposure, Volume _, Number _, 1979, p. 11.}

324^{Prison Shops Sales Net 13 million, The Sunday Bulletin, March 26, 1978, p. 3.}

325^{The Iron Fist and the Velvet Glove: California, Center for Research on Criminal Justice, pp. 40 & 41.}

326^{Marv Glass, “CONTELPRO Disruption Continues,” Black News, February, 1979, Volume 4, Number 5, p. 10.}

327^{Jack Bassrd, Jack Nelson, The Organgeburg Massacre [ : Mercer University Press, 1984] p. vii}

328^{William S. Sales. Jr. From Civil Rights to Black Liberation: Malcolm X and the Organization of Afro-American Unity [Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press, 1994] p. 182.}

329^{Op. Cit., (Sales) pp. 200-201}

330^{Maurice A. St. Pierre, “Reagonomics and Its Implications for African American Family Life”, Journal of Black Studies, Volume 21, Number 3/March 1991 p. 325}

331^{Ibid., p. 328}

332^{Op. Cit. (St Pierre) p. 330}

333^{Ibid., p. 14}

334^{Op. Cit. (Matthews & Kymlicka) p. 16}

335^{Barry Bluestone, Bennett Harrison The Deindustrilization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment and the Dismantling of Basic Industry [new York: Basic Books, New Publications, 1982] pp. 14 & 192}

336^{Tory Duster, “Social Implications of the ‘New” Black Underclass”, The Black Scholar May/June 1988, p. 4}

337^{Thomas Byrne Edsall, The New Politics of Inequality [New York: W. W. Norton, 1985] p. 141}

338^{Leslie Cockburn, Out of Control [New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1987] p. 113.}

339^{The Line of March editorial Board “Reaganism and the Post-Reagan Era”, Line of March, Number 20, Winder 87-88, p. 33}

340^{Calvin C. Smith, “The Civil Rights Legacy of Ronald Reagan” The Western Journal of Black Studies, Volume 14, Number 2, Summer 1990 p. 104}

341^{Robert Lekachman, Greed Is Not Enough: Reaganomics [New York: Pantheon Books, 1982] p. 15}

342^{Op. Cit (Cockborn) pp. 152-188}

343^{Ibid, (Edel) pp. 94-95}

344^{Ibid., (Shull) pp. 197-198}

345^{Op. Cit (Edel) p. 109}

346^{Ibid., p. 113}

347^{Op. Cit. (Shull) p. 197}

348^{Rebecca Stefoff, The 41st resident of the United States: George H. W. Bush [Ada, Oklahoma: Garrett Educatinoal Corp., 19090] p. 52}

349^{Op. Cit. (Stefoff) p. 104}

350^{Max Stanford’s and Media, Pa., FBI Contiel Pro documents, Conversation with Cecil B. Moore, President of the Philadlephia NAACP in 1968, describing the role of Jerimah Shabazz, and Media (FBI COINTELPRO) documents for Stanley Branche’s role as an FBI information in the City of Philadelphia ‘67-‘69.}

351^{Manning Marable, Black American Politics [London: Verso, 1985] pp. 248-249}

352^{“Unity and Struggle” – History of the Revolutionary communist League (MLM)”, Forward, No. 3., January 1980, pp. 120-135.}

353^{Walter Hanes, Jr., Invisible Poltics (Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1985] p. 93}

354^{Abdul Alkalimat and Doug Gills, “Black Power vs. Racism: Harold Washington Becomes Mayor” in Rod Bud (ed), The New Black Vote [San Francisco: Synthesis Publications, 1984] pp. 55-179.}

355^{Black Liberation commission/Line of March, Jesse Jackson’s Challenge, June 1984, p. 7.}

356^{Gordon Dillahunt, “Key to Social Change, A Southern Strategy,” Forward Motion, January-February 1988, Vol. 7, No. 1, p. 11}

357^{Line of March, “The New Motion in Black Politics and the Electoral Arena,” Line of March, #15, Spring 1984, p. 11}

358^{U.S. News and World Report, Jan. 11, 1988, p. 19.}

359^{Yuri Popov, Essays in Political Economy: Imperialism and the Developing Countries. [Moscow: Progess Publishers, 1984] p. 52}

360^{Gerald Lenoir; “The Democrats Dilemma,” Frontline/Special Supplement, Vol. 5, No. 20, April 11, 1988}

361^{Jessie Jackson, “The Rainbow Coalition is Here to Stay,” The Black Scholar, September/October 1984, p. 73}

362^{Sheila Collins, The Rainbow Challenge. [New York: Monthly Review Press, 1986] p. 303}

363^{Rev. Jesse L. Jackson, Straight from the Heart [Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1987] pp. 300-301}

364^{Alton Hornsby, Jr., Chronology of African-American History [Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research, Inc., 1991] pp. 388-399}

365^{Op. Cit. (Alton Horneby, Jr.) pp. 432-435}

366^{Op. Cit. (Joe Trotter, Jr.) pp. 622}

367^{Charles M. Christian, Black Saga; The African-American Experience: A Chronology [Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1995] p. 540}

368^{Op. Cit. p. 546}

369^{See “Black Men Triump!” Call and Post (Cleveland), Thursday, October 19, 1995, Volume 80, No. 42, p. 1}

370^{Mari Jo Buhle, Paul Buhle, Dan Georgakas (eds.), Encyclopedia of the American Left (Chicago and London: St. James Press, 1990) pp. 642, 643}

371^{“New Political Force Unleashed,” The Final Call, Volume 15, No. 1, November 8, 1995, p. 12}

372^{Muammar al-Qaddafi, The Green Book, (Tripoli, Libya, Africa: Libyan Government), p. 7}

373^{“Towards a Perfect Union, “The Final Call, November 8, 1995, p. 30}

374^{Darlene Clark Hine, William C. Hine and Stanley Harrold, The African-American Odyssey [Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2006] p. 660}

375^{Mansfield B. Frazier, “Felony Voting”, Downtown Tab, November 16-29, 1998. pp. 16}

376^{Draft Report voting Irregularities in Florida During the 2000 Presidential Election (U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, June 8, 2001) pp. 1}

377^{Ibid, pp. 2-3}

378^{George C. Edwards, III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, Study Edition, Government in America People, Politics and Policy (New York: Longman, 2002] pp. 272-273}

379^{Mansfield B. Frazier “Whit the help of the U.S. Supreme Court Bush Steals presidency, but Governing may prove difficult”, City News, December 14 – December 2000, pp. 1a cont. 5a}

380^{Op. At. Government in America, pp. 275}

381^{The Plain Dealer, Sunday, October 10, 2004, pp. 4, Art Pines “Temporary part-time labor trims growth of U. S. Jobs”}

382^{Michael Yates, “A Statistical Portrait”, Monthly review, Volume 56, Number 11, April 2005, p. 20.}

383^{Ibid (Yates), p. 16}

384^{Congressional Black Caucus report, 2005}

385^{Op. Cit. (Yates), p. 22}

386^{Manning Marble, on panel with Minister Louis Farrahkan at the “Conference of the Black Mayors,” April 29, 2005, Columbus, Ohio (tape)}

387^{Op. Cit., (Pine), p. G-4}

388^{The Plain Dealer, Tuesday, May 4, 2004, P. 44 “Bush says economy slow for some but promises he’ll stay the course.”}

389^{Peter Krause, “Cheaper, Larger, Leaner,” The Plain Dealer, Sunday, October 10, 2004, p. 10}

390^{Barbara Ransby, “US: The Black Poor and the Politics of Expendability, Race and Class, 382 (1996), p. 102}

391^{Urban League’s Annual “Black America” report cities “Stagnant Unemployment, High Obesity and Prison Rates, “Jet Magazine, May 21, 2005, Volume 109, No. 18, p. 4}

392^{Robert L. Allen, “Reassessing the Internal (Neo) Colonialism Theory Today, “The Black Scholar, Volume 35, No. 1, p 7}

393^{Urban League’s Annual “Black America” report cities “Stagnant Unemployment, High Obesity and Prison Rates, “Jet Magazine, May 2, 2005, Volume 109, No. 18. Tab, November 16-24, 1998, p. 16}

394^{Op. Cit. (Allen), p. 7}

395^{Mansfield B. Frazier, “Felony voting,” Downtown Tab, November 16-24, 1998, p. 16}

396^{Allison Grant, “NE Ohio jobless numbers continue to rise, “Greater Cleveland Community News, Volume 18, Issue 4, April 2005, p. 3}

397^{“Public begins to hear implications of oil production peaking”, The Plain Dealer, Sunday January 16, 2005, p. G-4}

398^{Gerald Horne, Imperial Intrigues, Political Affairs, Volume 84, No. 4, p. 43}

399^{Ibid. (Horne), p. 44}

400^{Julie Chao, “Coal drives China’s growth pollution chokes its cities, “The Plain Dealer, Sunday October 10, 2004, p. A-4}

401^{Chris Seper and John funk, “Digging deep to headoff oil crisis, “The Plain Dealer, Sunday, May 29, 2005, p. A16-17}

402^{Barack Obama from Wikipedia, The free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack Obama, p. e}

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