Observation


- For measurements of energy-flux densities in selected



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meteorological elements
- For measurements of energy-flux densities in selected
spectral bands, solid-state sensors (photoelectric cells,
photo-emissive elements, photo-resistors) are increasingly
used as they produce larger outputs as thermopile
instruments with respective filters. The. different
adaptations of these types of instruments are of special
interest in plant canopy research.
(Suppliers: B 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 26)
2.4 Precipitation
2.4.1 General comments
The amount of precipitation, rain, snow, ice and dew which
reaches the ground in a stated period is expressed as the
depth to which it would cover a horizontal surface if there
were no loss by evaporation, runoff or infiltration, or if
any part of the precipitation falling as snow or ice were
melted (liquid equivalent.
As precipitation measurements should as much as posible, be

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