without further disturbances of the soil structure, which makes these instruments particularly suitable for long term monitoring. However, the low accuracy of this method in the top layers of the soil constitutes a certain disadvantage in agricultural applications. To obtain absolute values of the soil-water content from neutron probe measurements, a site specific calibration using the garvimetric sample method is necessary. With regard to the great advances made in recent years in inproving the Neutron moisture-meter design, this method is now considered to be the most accurate and efficient indirect method for soil-moisture measurements. 2.8.215 The Gamma absorption method A radioactive source inserted into the soil through an access tube emits gamma rays which are partially absorbed by the soil. The attenuation of the radioactive intensity is