Of every One-Hundred men in battle, ten shouldn’t even be there. Eighty are nothing but targets

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THE SPEED RELOAD

A Speed Reload is performed when the shooter makes the decision to reload but does not have time to save any existing ammunition in the weapon. The partially loaded magazine in the weapon is discarded and replaced with a fully loaded magazine.

Although much faster than the Tactical Reload, the ammunition that was discarded from the weapon in most cases, is lost. This reload can result in throwing away good ammunition that may be needed later in an ongoing gunfight.

THE TACTICAL RELOAD (Magazine exchange)

A Tactical Reload is performed when there is a pause or break in the action and the shooter has the opportunity to replenish the rifle with a fully loaded magazine while making a conscious effort to save the partially loaded magazine that is removed from the rifle.

The partially loaded magazine in the pistol is simply swapped out for a fully loaded magazine and the shooter saves the partially loaded magazine by placing it in his pocket.
Whenever possible, the shooter should make every effort to avoid throwing away partially loaded magazines with perfectly good ammunition.

THE EMERGENCY RELOAD

An Emergency Reload is performed when the shooter depletes the source of ammunition in the rifle and runs the rifle into bolt-lock back.

The shooter will immediately acquire a fresh source of ammunition, eject and discard the existing empty magazine in the rifle and reload as quickly as possible.

Threat Assessment and Area Scanning

(Classroom: Lecture and demonstration)

(Range: Demonstration and live-fire)

Assessing the threat.
Area scanning.

THREAT ASSESSMENT AND AREA SCANNING

Once the shooter delivers rounds into a threat, at some point he is going to have to evaluate the condition of the threat to determine if he is still a threat.
After the shooter delivers rounds into the threat, he will be conditioned to slowly and methodically move the weapon out of the line of sight to just below eye level and change his focus from the sights back to the threat to assess the damage he has done.
The shooter will keep his finger ON the trigger until he has determined that the threat is no longer a threat and will not need any more applications of rounds.
The shooter should pause fire for a moment to evaluate the damage he has inflicted and determine if the application of rounds he has applied has had the desired effect.
The shooter will be conditioned to think;
DID I HIT? – DID IT WORK?
If the threat is still active, the shooter simply presents the weapon back into line of sight, changes his focus back from the threat to the sights and delivers additional rounds. This process will be repeated until the threat no longer exists.
Once the shooter has assessed the threat and has determined that the threat has been neutralized, the shooter will remove his finger from the trigger, move the weapon to ready pistol and start a 180-degree scan and breathe.
The weapon will move in the direction the shooter is looking, but will not break 45 degrees in either direction. Scanning will allow the shooter to identify other threats in the area.
Taking deep breathes during scanning will assist with lowering the heart rate and flooding the body with oxygenated blood, which will assist with breaking up vasoconstriction.
Immediate Action Drills

(Range: Demonstration and live-fire)

Class 1 – Failure to fire.
Class 2 – Failure to eject. (Stovepipe)
Class 3 – Double feed.
Class 4 – Bolt override.

CLEARING MALFUNCTIONS AND STOPPAGES WITH THE AR-15 / M-4
Clears: Failure to cycle / feed, failure to fire, failure to extract, failure to eject and stove pipe.

Point the weapon in a safe direction and drop back onto the shooting side knee keeping the M-4 and your vision directed toward the threat area. Simultaneously, observe the ejection port to determine what type of malfunction you have.
Leave the safety / selector lever in the FIRE position and move your finger OFF the trigger.
Vigorously and aggressively strike the bottom of the magazine with the support hand to ensure that it is properly seated.
Keeping the M-4 parallel to the ground, rotate the ejection port to the right facing it towards the ground.
Grasp the charging handle with the support hand. Vigorously and aggressively cycle the action to clear all obstructions and stoppages from the chamber and ejection port areas.
Bring the weapon back into line of sight and engage the threat, if necessary.

OBSERVE – STRIKE - ROTATE – CYCLE - ENGAGE

Clears: Double feed.

Point the weapon in a safe direction and drop back onto the shooting side knee keeping the M-4 and your vision directed toward the threat area. Simultaneously, OBSERVE the ejection port to determine what type of malfunction you have.
Leave the safety / selector lever in the FIRE position and move your finger OFF the trigger.
Grasp the charging handle with the shooting side hand and LOCK the bolt to the rear.
Vigorously and aggressively, STRIP the magazine from the magazine well with the support hand and drop the magazine to the ground.
If the obstruction does not fall clear from the magazine well, it may be necessary to reach in through the bottom of the magazine well with your support hand fingers and CLEAR the stoppage.
STRIKE the bolt release and let the bolt go forward into battery.
Vigorously and aggressively CYCLE the action several times to clear the chamber.
Acquire a fresh magazine with your support hand and vigorously and aggressively INSERT it into the magazine well. Give it a firm pull to ensure it is seated.
CYCLE the action to chamber a round.
Bring the weapon back into line of sight and engage the threat, if necessary.

OBSERVE – LOCK - STRIP – CLEAR – INSERT – CYCLE - ENGAGE

Transition to Secondary Weapon System

(Range: Demonstration and live-fire)

Primary weapon malfunction.
Transition to the handgun.
Long gun weapon retention.

The rifle is the primary weapon system that should be deployed during tactical operations, active shooter incidents, rapid deployment incidents and many other situations where an offensive weapon and superior firepower is necessary.

Unfortunately, the rifle is just as susceptible to malfunctions as any other weapon system. If the patrol rifle should experience a malfunction during a deadly force encounter, the shooter may not have the time necessary to clear or correct the problem and will be forced to deploy his handgun in self-defense.
When a dynamic situation occurs where the shooter needs to continue engaging a threat and his primary weapon runs empty or malfunctions, the shooter will immediately transition to his handgun and continue to engage the threat until the threat is eliminated.

Failure Drills

(Range: Demonstration and live-fire)

Engaging threats under the influence of drugs.
Engaging threats wearing body armor.
Headshots.
Failure drills.

When dealing with violent people under the influence of drugs and alcohol, and felons wearing body armor, standard application of rounds may not be sufficient to stop these threats.

The standard “two to the body and one to the head” drill, in most cases, is insufficient to stop a threat under these conditions. More often then not, the headshot is completely missed. This result leaves the shooter in a position to continue applying this technique until the threat is stopped or ceases to exist.

The failure drill focuses on delivery of multiple rounds on the threats largest exposed area.

When the shooter delivers initial rounds into the threat and determines that they had an inadequate effect, the shooter will deliver an additional minimum of six rounds into the largest exposed area of the threat. This action will be repeated until the violent behavior of the threat ceases or the threat is incapacitated.
In the event the threat is wearing body armor, the shooter will rely on the penetration capabilities of the rifle round to stop the threat. If the threat continues to exist, the shooter will exploit the first opportunity available to deliver a headshot.
The headshot will only be used as an option and applied at the first convenient opportunity the shooter has.

Threat Engagement during Movement

(Range: Lecture, demonstration and live-fire)

Moving off the line of force.

Shooting on the move is critical in a gunfight. By moving, the operator forces the adversary to react to what the operator is doing. The operator also makes himself a much more challenging and difficult target to hit. If the operator does not have cover, the operator must be conditioned to maintain constant movement while shooting.

Class Conclusion

(Classroom: Lecture)

Student Performance Objectives review.
Questions.
Commentary.
Critique.

Victory at all cost, victory in spite of all terror, victory however long and hard the road may be; for without victory, there is no survival….

Sir Winston Churchill

You WILL fight the way you train! Train with intensity. Fight to WIN!

APPENDIX 1

Rapid Deployment Patrol Rifle Shooting Drills

One-shot drill on shape target. (Static)
Controlled pairs on shape targets during movement off the line of force.
Accelerated pairs on threat target during movement off the line of force.
Two and three shot hammer drills with head shot during movement off the line of force.
Controlled pairs and hammer drills with head shot during threat engagement from low-ready.
Controlled pairs and hammer drills with head shot during threat engagement from combat ready.
Controlled pairs and hammer drills with head shot during threat engagement from indoor ready.
Controlled pairs with head shot, threat assessment and 180 degree scan.
Hammer drills with head shot; threat assessment and 360 degree scan while moving off the line of force.
Multi-shot / multi-target hammer drills. (Triple threat drill)
Two / three shot transition to secondary weapon on threat target.
Three, four and five shot failure drills with head shot on threat target.
One, two and three shot Man vs. Man shoot-off drills.
Rapid deployment team threat engagement drill.
Twenty-five round combat rifle qualification course.

APPENDIX 2

Illinois State Law and Use of Force

State Law and Use of Force

Disparity of force.
Peace officer’s use of force in making an arrest.
Illinois Law; Chapter 720 ILCS 5/7-5:

A peace officer, or any person whom he has summoned or directed to assist him, need not retreat or desist from efforts to make a lawful arrest because of resistance or threatened resistance to the arrest. He is justified in the use of any force, which he reasonably believes is to be necessary to affect the arrest and any force, which he reasonably believes to be necessary to defend himself or another from bodily harm while making the arrest. However, he is justified in using force likely to cause death or great bodily harm only when he reasonably believes that such force is necessary to prevent death or great bodily harm to himself or another person, or when he reasonably believes both that:

Such force is necessary to prevent the arrest from being defeated by resistance or escape; and

The person to be arrested has committed or attempted a forcible felony which involves the infliction or threatened infliction of great bodily harm; or

Is attempting to escape by use of a deadly weapon, or

Otherwise indicates that he will endanger human life or inflict great bodily harm unless arrested without delay.

APPENDIX 3
COMBAT RIFLE QUALIFICATION COURSE
Qualification Course will be shot on a modified TQ-21 target.

STAGE	MODE	RANGE	DRILL	REPS	ROUNDS	TIME
Move from the 30 yard line to the 25 yard line
1	Semi-automatic	25 yards	2 body / 1 head	1 rep of 3	3	8.0 sec.
Move from the 25 yard line to the 15 yard line
2	Semi-automatic	15 yards	2 body / 1 head	1 rep of 3	3	7.0 sec.
Move from the 15 yard line to the 10 yard line
3	Semi-automatic	10 yards	2 body / 1 head	1 rep of 3	3	6.0 sec.
Move from the 10 yard line to the 7 yard line
4	Semi-automatic	7 yards	3 body / 1 head	1 rep of 4	4	5.0 sec.
Lateral movement off the line of force on each presentation
5	Semi-automatic	7 yards	3 shot hammer to the body	4 reps of 3	12	3.0 sec.
Total Rounds =					25

Scoring System
Body Shots

Each round inside the 10-ring on the body is worth 4 points + X.
Each round inside the 9-ring on the body is worth 3 points.
Each round inside the 8-ring on the body is worth 2 points.
Any rounds on the body outside the scoring rings are worth 1 point.
Any rounds outside the body area are counted as a miss. (Zero points)

Head Shots

Each round inside the ocular vault on the head is worth 4 points + X.
Each round on the head outside the ocular vault is worth 2 points.

Any rounds outside the head scoring rings area counted as a miss.
(Zero points)

Passing score = 70%
Expert = 93% to 100%

Sharpshooter = 85% to 92%

Marksman = 70% to 84%

REFERENCES

.
Colt Manufacturing Company, Inc. AR-15 / M-16 / M-4 Armorers Course NRA Headquarters / Fairfax, Virginia March / 1999

Federal Law Enforcement Training Center. Firearms Instructor Training Program Glynco, Georgia February / 2000
Heckler & Koch International Training Division. MP-5 Operator Course Manual Las Vegas, Nevada February / 1998
Heckler & Koch International Training Division. MP-5 Instructor Course Manual La Crosse, Wisconsin July / 1998
Secret Service Academy. Firearms Instructor Training Course Manual Laurel, Maryland April / 2001
Singleton International. H&K MP-5 / UMP and Colt M-16 / M-4 Instructor Manual Elgin, Illinois August / 2002
University of Illinois/Police Training Institute. Police Carbine/Rifle Instructor Course Mt. Carroll, Illinois October / 2000

Directory: conf2012
conf2012 -> The Rise of Youth Counter Culture after World War II and the Popularization of Historical Knowledge: Then and Now Theresa Richardson, Ph. D. Paper Presented at the Historical Society 2012 Annual Meeting
conf2012 -> Using Computer Games to Teach History By James Cobb, PhD, Cardinal Stritch University

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