Original: Spanish inter-american commission on human rights

174

^ Context analysis “Existencia lésbica y violencias en Centroamérica.” Espacio Regional de Articulación Lésbico Feminista, an initiative sponsored by the Fondo Centroamericano de Mujeres (FCAM), June 2015.

175

^ Informe sobre la Situación de la Comunidad LGBTTI en Honduras, presented to the IACHR by Cattrachas in Honduras, December 1, 2015. Context analysis “Existencia lésbica y violencias en Centroamérica.” Espacio Regional de Articulación Lésbico Feminista, an initiative sponsored by the Fondo Centroamericano de Mujeres (FCAM), June 2015.

176

^ In its response to the draft of this report, the State indicated that the creation of the Unit on Deaths with a High Social Impact handles cases involving this group. Communication from the State of Honduras, Note No. SG/064/MHOEA/2015, Observations of the State of Honduras to the 2015 Draft Report on Honduras of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, December 14, 2015.

177

^ The State mentioned the following case files: No. 1242-2012 against José Ignacio Pérez Girón for the murder of Manuel Johan Valladares Chávez (Cariño) and No. 999-2012 against Leonel Enrique Amador Méndez for the homicide of César Noel Moreno Figueroa (Cynthia Nicole Moreno). Communication from the State of Honduras, Note No. SG/064/MHOEA/2015, Observations of the State of Honduras to the 2015 Draft Report on Honduras of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, December 14, 2015.

178

^ See, IACHR, Human Rights Situation of Refugee and Migrant Families and Unaccompanied Children in the United States of America. Adopted July 24, 2015, paras. 111-112; IACHR, Human Rights of Migrants and other Persons in the Context of Human Mobility in Mexico. December 30, 2013, para. 72.

179

^ See, IACHR, Human Rights Situation of Refugee and Migrant Families and Unaccompanied Children in the United States of America. Adopted July 24, 2015, paras. 109-112; IACHR, Human Rights of Migrants and other Persons in the Context of Human Mobility in Mexico. December 30, 2013, para. 61.

180

^ In this sense, see, Revista Proceso (Marcela Turati), Cacería de “ángeles” para frenar la migración de menores. August 23, 2014. Available at: http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=380347.

181

^ In the United States, fiscal year 2014 runs from October 1, 2013, through September 30, 2014. IACHR, Refugees and Migrants in the United States: Families and Unaccompanied Children. July 24, 2015, p. 54; U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agency (CBP), Southwest Border Unaccompanied Alien Children. Available at: http://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-border-unaccompanied-children

182

^ IACHR, Refugees and Migrants in the United States: Families and Unaccompanied Children. July 24, 2015, p. 54; U.S. Customs and Border Protection Agency (CBP), Southwest Border Unaccompanied Alien Children. Available at: http://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-border-unaccompanied-children

183

^ According to the Association of Returning Migrants with Disabilities (AMIREDIS), in Honduras, there are at least 700 returning migrants who have suffered some disability during their transit to the United States. Many of these people have suffered amputations in Mexico due to accidents by falling from the freight train, known as "The Beast", and in which migrants trying to reach the United States travel. El País (Silvia Ayuso) “The mutilated dreams Central American migrants”. June 24, 2015. Available at: http://internacional.elpais.–com/internacional/2015/06/23/actualidad/1435088948_696048.html .

184

^ The Center for Gender and Refugee Studies at the School of Law of the University of California, Hastings and the Migration and Asylum Program of the Center for Justice and Human Rights at the National University of Lanus, Argentina, Childhood and Migration in Central and North America: causes, policies, practices and challenges (2015), p.46 (hereinafter "Childhood and Migration in Central and North America"). A study conducted in 2012 at the request of the UNHCR found that the criminal activities of organized crime have generated a forced displacement in the region that "has become more conspicuous in the last three years.” Forced displacement and the need for protection.

185

^ UNHCR, Global Tendencies 2014: World at War, Table 1: Refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons, stateless persons under the mandate of UNHCR and other persons of concern in the Americas by origin, end of 2014, p. 45. Available at: http://www.acnur.org/t3/fileadmin/scripts/doc.php?file=t3/ fileadmin/Documentos/Publicaciones/2015/10072; UNHCR, Global Tendencies 2013: Human Cost of the War, Table 1: Refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons, stateless persons under the mandate of UNHCR and other persons of concern in the Americas by origin, end of 2013, p. 41. Available at: http://www.acnur.org/t3/fileadmin/scripts/doc.php?file=t3/fileadmin/Documentos/Publicaciones/2014/9562; UNHCR, Global Tendencies 2012, Table: Refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons, stateless persons under the mandate of UNHCR and other persons of concern in the Americas by origin, end of 2012, p. 42. Available at: http://www.acnur.org/t3/fileadmin/Documentos/Publicaciones/2013/9180.pdf?view=1.

186

^ IACHR, Report on the Situation of Human Rights of Asylum Seekers within the Canadian Refugee Determination System. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.106 Doc.40 rev., February 28, 2000, para. 22.

187

^ It includes the total number of refugees and others in "a similar situation to refugees." The latter is defined as "groups of persons who are outside their country or territory of origin and who face similar security risks to those of refugees, but to whom for practical or other reasons, refugee status has not been granted." See UNHCR, Global Tendencies 2012, Table 1: Refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons, stateless persons under the mandate of UNHCR and other persons of concern in the Americas by origin, end of 2012, p. 46, note 3.

188

^ UNHCR, Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status, 1979, para. 28.

189

^ Communication from the State of Honduras, Note No. SG/064/MHOEA/2015, Observations of the State of Honduras to the 2015 Draft Report on Honduras of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, December 14, 2015.

190

^ Diario El Heraldo, Más de 81,000 hondureños fueron deportados en 2014, April 15, 2015. Available at: http:–//www.laprensa.hn/honduras/831446-417/m%C3%A1s-de-81000-hondure%C3%B1os-fueron-deportados-e–n-2014?utm_source=laprensa.hn&utm_medium=website&utm_–campaign=noticias_relacionadas (Spanish only).

191

^ Government of Honduras, Statistical Report on Individuals Repatriated/Returned to Honduras (January –November 25, 2014). National Center for Social Sector Information.

192

^ La Opinión Newspaper, At least 3,100 immigrant children returned to Honduras, January 21, 2015, Available at: http://www.laopinion.com/devuelven-a-honduras-al-menos-3100-ninos-inmigrantes-en-2015.

193

^ Casa Alianza, Observatory of the Rights of Children and Adolescents in Honduras. Monthly Report May 2015. Available at: http://www.casa-alianza.org.hn/images/documentos/Comunicados/CAH.2015/Informes.Men–suales.2015/05.%20informe%20mensual%20May%202015_casa%20alianza%20honduras.pdf.

194

^ Casa Alianza, Observatory of the Rights of Children and Adolescents in Honduras. Monthly Report May 2015. Available at: http://www.casa-alianza.org.hn/images/documentos/Comunicados/CAH.2015/Informes.Men–suales.2015/05.%20informe%20mensual%20May%202015_casa%20alianza%20honduras.pdf.

195

^See: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, New Humanitarian Frontiers: Addressing Criminal Violence in Mexico and Central America. October 2015, pp. 7 et seq.; Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Global Overview 2015: People Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence. 2015, pp. 16-19; ACAPS, Otras Situaciones de Violencia en el Triángulo del Norte Centroamericano: Fronteras Invisibles, Espirales de Violencia y Normalización del Terror. May 2014, pp. 18 et seq.

196

^Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Global Overview 2015: People Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence. 2015, pp. 16-19.

197

^Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Global Overview 2015: People Internally Displaced by Conflict and Violence. 2015, p. 18.

198

^ Executive Decree No. PCM-053-2013 of 2013.

199

^ See IACHR, Truth, Justice and Reparation: Fourth Report on [the] Human Rights Situation in Colombia, OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 49/13, 31 December 31, 2013, para. 537.

200

^ Communication from the State of Honduras, Note No. SG/064/MHOEA/2015, Observations of the State of Honduras to the 2015 Draft Report on Honduras of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, December 14, 2015.

201

^ Information submitted by the Permanent Observatory for Human Rights in the Aguán (OPDA), Foundation San Alonso Rodriguez (FSAR) in a Thematic Hearing, Information on Violations of Human Rights in the agrarian conflict in the Aguán Colon, August 13, 2014, Mexico City.

202

^ IACHR, MC 50-14, Resolution 11/2014. Available at: https://www.oas.org/en/iachr/decisions/–pdf/2014/M–C50-14-ES.pdf.

203

^ IACHR, MC 65-15, Martha Ligia Arnold Dubond and her five children, Honduras. April 7, 2015. Available at: www.oas.org/en/iachr/.

204

^ Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014, Request SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015. The State, in its response to the first draft of this report, indicated that according to information provided by CONADEH, there are also internal problems within the different campesino movements and communities, such as the community of La Confianza, where complaints have been filed regarding, among other things, violence, thefts, threats, and violations of labor rights among the members themselves with no participation by public officials or security forces. Communication from the State of Honduras, Note No. SG/064/MHOEA/2015, Observations of the State of Honduras to the 2015 Draft Report on Honduras of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, December 14, 2015.

205

^ Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014, Request SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

206

^ Communication from the State of Honduras, Note No. SG/064/MHOEA/2015, Observations of the State of Honduras to the 2015 Draft Report on Honduras of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, December 14, 2015.The State indicated that this information was also presented to the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva on May 8, 2015, in the context of the second cycle of the Universal Periodic Review in reference to Bajo Aguán.

207

^ Meeting with Civil Society organizations, Tocoa, December 2, 2014.

208

^ Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014, Request SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

209

^ IACHR, Commission communiqué expresses concern at threats and detentions of peasant leaders in Bajo Aguán, Honduras, August 29, 2014. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/PRelease/–20–14/094.asp.

210

^ IACHR, Commission communiqué expresses concern at threats and detentions of peasant leaders in Bajo Aguán, Honduras, August 29, 2014. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/PRelease/–2014/094.asp.

211

^ Information presented to the IACHR during its visit. Tegucigalpa, 2014.

212

^ Communication from the State of Honduras, Note No. SG/064/MHOEA/2015, Observations of the State of Honduras to the 2015 Draft Report on Honduras of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, December 14, 2015.

213

^ In its response to the draft of this report, the State indicated that the case involving the Community of Panamá is being investigated by the La Ceiba Office of the Prosecutor for Human Rights. Communication from the State of Honduras, Note No. SG/064/MHOEA/2015, Observations of the State of Honduras to the 2015 Draft Report on Honduras of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, December 14, 2015.

214

^ Communication of February 25, 2013, from the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Private Military and Security Companies in Honduras need robust and effective monitoring, says UN expert group See en: http://www.ohchr.org/SP/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=13032&LangID=S.

215

^ Government of Honduras. Information provided by the State of Honduras to the IACHR following the on-site visit held December 1-5, 2014, Document SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

216

^ Government of Honduras. Information provided by the State of Honduras to the IACHR following the on-site visit held December 1-5, 2014, Document SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

217

^ Government of Honduras. Information provided by the State of Honduras to the IACHR following the on-site visit held December 1-5, 2014, Document SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

218

^ In its response to the draft of this report, the State provided information from CONADEH which reported that while it is true that there is widespread impunity for human rights violations in Bajo Aguán, especially homicides and disappearances, some of the family members do not cooperate when it comes to clarification of the facts, for example by providing statements to the relevant authorities or enabling exhumations to be done so as to try to identify the remains of possible victims. Communication from the State of Honduras, Note No. SG/064/MHOEA/2015, Observations of the State of Honduras to the 2015 Draft Report on Honduras of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, December 14, 2015.

219

^ Observatorio Permanente de Derechos Humanos en el Aguán. Informe de Monitoreo y Seguimiento de la Situación de Derechos Humanos en El Bajo Aguán relacionada al Conflicto Agrario [Monitoring and Follow-Up Report on the Human Rights Situation Related to the Land Conflict in Bajo Aguán], July 17, 2014.

220

^ Human Rights Watch. There Are No Investigations Here: Impunity for Killings and Other Abuses in Bajo Aguán, Honduras, February 12, 2014.

221

^ Human Rights Watch. There Are No Investigations Here: Impunity for Killings and Other Abuses in Bajo Aguán, Honduras, February 12, 2014.

222

^ With regard to the exhumations being done in Bajo Aguán and the request by some human rights organizations that these be suspended until a group of independent forensic experts can review the procedures, the State said that the Violent Deaths Unit of Bajo Aguán had indicated that the OPDHA was invited to provide international forensic doctors to participate as observers for the second round of exhumations. Given that the members of the OPDHA indicated that they had taken the appropriate steps without results, the exhumations were done without the presence of observers, taking into account the damage to remains with the passage of time and the fact that exhumations must be performed to confirm the violent deaths of individuals in the land conflict. Government of Honduras. Information provided by the State of Honduras to the IACHR following the on-site visit held December 1-5, 2014, Document SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

223

^ Government of Honduras. Information provided by the State of Honduras to the IACHR following the on-site visit held December 1-5, 2014, Document SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

224

^ IACHR. December 5, 2014. Preliminary Observations concerning the Human Rights Situation in Honduras.

225

^ IACHR. Honduras: Human Rights and Coup d’Etat. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 55. December 30, 2009. In its Report Honduras: Human Rights and Coup d’état, the IACHR noted with concern the increase in the murders of journalists recorded in 2010; threats, attacks and harassment perpetrated against journalists and media, particularly on those journalists who expressed their opposition to the coup; and the widespread impunity for these crimes.

226

^ IACHR. Honduras: Human Rights and Coup d’Etat. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 55. December 30, 2009.

227

^ I/A Court H.R., Case of Vélez Restrepo and family v. Colombia. Preliminary Objection, Merits, Reparations, and Costs. Judgment of September 3, 2012. Series C No. 248. Para. 142-149; IACHR. Special Rapporteur for the Freedom of Expression. Special Study on the Status of Investigations into the Murder of Journalists during the 1995-2005 Period for Reasons that may be Related to their Work in Journalism. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.131. Doc. 35. March 8, 2008. Para. 67.

228

^ I/A Court H.R., Case of Vélez Restrepo and family v. Colombia. Preliminary Objection, Merits, Reparations, and Costs. Judgment of September 3, 2012. Series C No. 248. Para. 209.

229

^ National Human Rights Commission (CONADEH). February 6, 2015. 11 personas vinculadas a los medios de comunicación murieron en circunstancias violentas.

230

^ CONADEH. February 6, 2015. 11 personas vinculadas a los medios de comunicación murieron en circunstancias violentas. See, also, C-Libre. December 15, 2015. Asesinan a otro periodista en Honduras.

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