Original: Spanish inter-american commission on human rights

294

^ IACHR. Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression. April 15, 2014. Press Release R29/14. Office of the Special Rapporteur Condemns Murder of Radio Worker in Honduras; Reporters without Borders (RSF). April 14, 2014. Radio Progreso Employee Murdered after Getting Threats; Religión Digital. April 14, 2014. Carlos Mejía Orellana, asesinado en Honduras; La Prensa. April 14, 2014. Organizaciones condenan asesinato de empleado de Radio Progreso; Knight Center for Journalism in the Americas. April 16, 2014. Honduran media employee killed after having requested police protection for years.

295

^ IACHR. December 5, 2014. Preliminary Observations concerning the Human Rights Situation in Honduras; Radio Progreso. November 21, 2014. Dictan detención judicial a supuesto asesino del jefe de mercadeo de Radio Progreso.

296

^ IACHR. December 5, 2014. Preliminary Observations concerning the Human Rights Situation in Honduras; Radio Progreso. November 21, 2014. Dictan detención judicial a supuesto asesino del jefe de mercadeo de Radio Progreso.

297

^ CIPRODEH. Informe de cumplimiento de las medidas cautelares y provisionales otorgadas por la Comisión y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. 2013. Available in the IACHR archives. PEN International. Honduras: Journalism in the Shadow of Impunity; Reporters without Borders (RSF). May 2015. Entre crímenes, amenazas, acosos y más, los periodistas de Radio Globo y Globo TV transmiten la información; Comité por la Libre Expresión (C-Libre). December 1, 2014. Agresiones contra periodistas en Honduras (information on attacks on journalists, provided during the IACHR’s on-site visit to Honduras, December 1-5, 2014). Available in the archives of the Office of the Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression; National Human Rights Commission (CONADEH). February 6, 2015. 11 personas vinculadas a los medios de comunicación murieron en circunstancias violentas.

298

^ IACHR. Annual Report 2013. Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression. Chapter III (Violence against Journalists and Media Workers: Inter-American Standards and National Practices on Prevention, Protection and Prosecution of Perpetrators). OAS/Ser.L/V/II.149. Doc. 50. December 31, 2013, para. 166.

299

^ PEN International. Honduras: Journalism in the Shadow of Impunity. 2014; Reporters without Borders (RSF). May 2015.

300

^ CIPRODEH. Informe de cumplimiento de las medidas cautelares y provisionales otorgadas por la Comisión y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. 2013. Available in the IACHR archives. PEN International. Honduras: Journalism in the Shadow of Impunity; Reporters without Borders (RSF). May 2015. Entre crímenes, amenazas, acosos y más, los periodistas de Radio Globo y Globo TV transmiten la información; Comité por la Libre Expresión (C-Libre). December 1, 2014. Agresiones contra periodistas en Honduras (information on attacks on journalists, provided during the IACHR’s on-site visit to Honduras, December 1-5, 2014). Available in the archives of the Office of the Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression.

301

^ IACHR. Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression. Special Study on the Status of Investigations into the Murder of Journalists during the 1995-2005 Period for Reasons that may be Related to their Work in Journalism. OEA/Ser.L/V/II.131. Doc. 35. March 8, 2008, paras. 117-118.

302

^ Meeting with civil society in Tegucigalpa and San Pedro Sula. See also, United Nations. General Assembly. Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression, Frank La Rue. A/HRC/20/17. June 4, 2012, para. 66. Available for consultation at: http://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G12/137/87/PDF/G1213787.pdf?OpenElement.

303

^ United Nations. Informe del Relator Especial sobre la promoción y protección del derecho a la libertad de opinión y expresión. Addendum. Misión a Honduras. A/HRC/23/40/Add.1. March 22, 2013.

304

^ IACHR. 150^th session. Reports of Killings of Journalists and Impunity in Honduras. Hearing on March 25, 2014. Available for consultation at: http://www.oas.org/es/cidh/multimedia/sesiones/150/default.asp; IACHR. April 4, 2014. Press Release No. 35/14. IACHR Wraps Up its 150^th Session; IACHR. May 13, 2014. Press Release No. 35/A/14. Report on the 150^th Session of the IACHR.

305

^ Diario Oficial de la República de Honduras. Decreto Ley No. 379-2013, que reforma la Ley del Ministerio Público. March 18, 2014.

306

^ IACHR. Annual Report 2013. Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression. Chapter III (Violence against Journalists and Media Workers: Inter-American Standards and National Practices on Prevention, Protection and Prosecution of Perpetrators). OAS/Ser.L/V/II.149. Doc. 50. December 31, 2013, para. 183.

307

^ IACHR. Annual Report 2013. Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression. Chapter III (Violence against Journalists and Media Workers: Inter-American Standards and National Practices on Prevention, Protection and Prosecution of Perpetrators). OAS/Ser.L/V/II.149. Doc. 50. December 31, 2013, para. 176.

308

^ IACHR. Annual Report 2013. Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression. Chapter III (Violence against Journalists and Media Workers: Inter-American Standards and National Practices on Prevention, Protection and Prosecution of Perpetrators). OAS/Ser.L/V/II.149. Doc. 50. December 31, 2013, para. 60.

309

^ IACHR. Annual Report 2013. Annual Report of the Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression. Chapter III (Violence against Journalists and Media Workers: Inter-American Standards and National Practices on Prevention, Protection and Prosecution of Perpetrators). OAS/Ser.L/V/II.149. Doc. 50. December 31, 2013, paras. 59-61.

310

^ IACHR. Access to Justice for Women Victims of Violence in the Americas. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 68, January 20, 2007, paras. 42-43. See also: United Nations. CEDAW. General Recommendation No. 19: Violence against women. UN Doc. A/47/38.1. 11^th session 1992. Para. 24.c). Available for consultation at: http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/recommendations/recomm.htm; ECLAC. Cuaderno 99. Si no se cuenta, no cuenta: Información sobre la violencia contra las mujeres. April 2012.

311

^ IACHR, Public Hearing, Situation of the Democratic Rule of Law in Honduras, 150th Ordinary Period of Sessions, March 25, 2014. Available at: www.oas.org/en/iachr/

312

^ PCM-075-2011 of December 5, 2011 (90 days); PCM-009-2012 of April 19, 2012 (90 days); PCM-020-2012 of June 26, 2012 (90 days); and PCM-037-2012 of September 25, 2012 (180 days).

313

^ IACHR, Public Hearing, Situation of the Democratic Rule of Law in Honduras, 150th Ordinary Period of Sessions, March 25, 2014. Available at: www.oas.org/en/iachr.

314

^ IACHR, Public Hearing, Situation of the Democratic Rule of Law in Honduras, 150th Ordinary Period of Sessions, March 25, 2014. Available at: www.oas.org/en/iachr.

315

^ Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014. Request SSDHJ-090-2015 of March 20, 2015; Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014, Request SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

316

^ Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014, Request SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

317

^ Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014. Request SSDHJ-090-2015 of March 20, 2015; Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014, Request SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

318

^ Also, as an integral part of the security strategy of human rights, they have developed prevention programs, social development and attention to vulnerable groups in areas affected by organized crime. In January 2014, the Under-Secretariat for Security and Prevention was created, which is working on the development of a Public Policy for Prevention of Violence, in the context its strategic plan ‘Plan for All for a Better Life’, Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014. Request SSDHJ-090-2015 of March 20, 2015.

319

^ World Bank Indicators. Available at: http://datos.bancomundial.org/indicador/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS

320

^ La Prensa Newspaper, Honduras goes backwards with militarization of public institutions, December 3, 2014. Available at: http://www.laprensa.hn/honduras/773467-410/honduras-retrocede-con-militarizaci%C3%B3n-de-instituciones-p%C3%BAblicas.

321

^ Decree 103-2013, Interagency Security Strategy and Comprehensive Governmental Response on Security (TIGRES).

322

^ Law Enforcement Military Police Law, Decree No. 168-2013, published in the Gazette on August 24, 2013.

323

^ Law Enforcement Military Police Law, Decree No. 168-2013, published in the Gazette on August 24, 2013.

324

^ Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014, Request SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

325

^ Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014, Request SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

326

^ Communication from the State of Honduras, Note No. SG/064/MHOEA/2015, Observations of the State of Honduras to the 2015 Draft Report on Honduras of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, December 14, 2015.

327

^ Subsection 5, of Article 7 of Decree 168 (supplemented by Decree 286 of 2013).

328

^ Article 1. Special Law on Courts with National Territorial Jurisdiction in Criminal Matters, Decree Law 247-10, published in the Diario Oficial La Gaceta, January 15, 2011. Available at: http://www.tsc.gob.hn/–leyes/Ley%20Especial%20de%20Organos%20Jurisdiccionales%20con%20Competencia%20Territorial%20Nacional%20en%20Materia%20Penal.pdf. According to Article 2, an organized crime group is defined as a structured group with three or more members that has been in existence for some time and that acts in a concerted way to commit the following crimes: (a) Murder; (b) All crimes related to illegal drug trafficking regulated in the Law on Improper Use and Illicit Trafficking in Drugs and Psychotropic Substances; (c) Kidnapping; (d) Vehicle theft; (e) Money laundering; (f) Human trafficking; (g) Commercial sexual exploitation; (h) Terrorism; and (i) Forestry-related crimes.

329

^ Government of Honduras. Information presented to the IACHR on December 4, 2014.

330

^ Article 6. Special Law on Courts with National Territorial Jurisdiction in Criminal Matters, Decree Law 247-10, published in the Diario Oficial La Gaceta, January 15, 2011. Available at: http://www.tsc.gob.hn/–leyes/Ley%20Especial%20de%20Organos%20Jurisdiccionales%20con%20Competencia%20Territorial%20Nacional%20en%20Materia%20Penal.pdf.

331

^ Article 18. Special Law on Courts with National Territorial Jurisdiction in Criminal Matters, Decree Law 247-10, published in the Diario Oficial La Gaceta, January 15, 2011. Available at: http://www.tsc.gob.hn/leyes/–Ley%20Especial%20de%20Organos%20Jurisdiccionales%20con%20Competencia%20Territorial%20Nacional%20en%20Materia%20Penal.pdf.

332

^ IACHR, Public Hearing, Situation of the Democratic Rule of Law in Honduras, 150th Ordinary Period of Sessions, March 25, 2014. Available at: www.oas.org/en/iachr.

333

^ Government of Honduras. Information provided by the State of Honduras to the IACHR following the onsite visit held December 1-5, 2014, Document SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

334

^ Government of Honduras. Information provided by the State of Honduras to the IACHR following the onsite visit held December 1-5, 2014, Document SSDH-093-2015 of March 24, 2015.

335

^ IACHR. IACHR Wraps Up On-site Visit to Honduras, Tegucigalpa, December 5, 2014. Annex to the Press Release with Preliminary Observations. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/–PReleas–es/2014/146A.asp.

336

^ IACHR. IACHR Wraps Up On-site Visit to Honduras, Tegucigalpa, December 5, 2014. Annex to the Press Release with Preliminary Observations. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/–PRelea–ses/2014/146A.asp.

337

^ Asociación de Jueces por la Democracia (Association of Judges for Democracy, AJD). Actualización de Información sobre Seguridad y Justicia en Honduras. On-site Visit to Honduras, San Pedro Sula, December 3, 2014. See also: El Heraldo. A prisión militares por muerte de dos hermanos en Tegucigalpa, December 2, 2014; and La Prensa. Apresan a exjueza que liberó a presunto narco hondureño, December 11, 2013.

338

^ IACHR, IACHR wraps up On-Site Visit to Honduras, Tegucigalpa, 5 December 2014. Annex with Preliminary Observations. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/PReleases/2014/146.asp.

339

^ Article 13.

340

^ IACHR. Annual Report 2013, Ch. IV. B Honduras.

341

^ IACHR, Report on Citizen Security and Human Rights. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 57, December 31, 2009, para. 100.

342

^ Communication from the State of Honduras, Note No. SG/064/MHOEA/2015, Observations of the State of Honduras to the 2015 Draft Report on Honduras of the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, December 14, 2015.

343

^ IACHR, Report on Citizen Security and Human Rights. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 57, December 31, 2009, para. 109.

344

^ I/A Court H.R., Case of Montero Aranguren et al. (Detention Center of Catia) v. Venezuela. Preliminary Objection, Merits, Reparations and Costs. Judgment of July 5, 2006. Series C No. 150, para. 78.

345

^ IACHR. Report on Citizen Security, para. 103. IACHR, Report on the Human Rights Situation in Mexico, 1998, Chapter V, para. 403.

346

^ Ramírez Ocampo, Augusto Seguridad ciudadana and derechos humanos, Andean Commission of Jurists, Lima, Peru, 1999. In the same vein, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Louise Arbour, stated at the end of her visit to Mexico, on February 8, 2008: “(...) during my visit, I have seen and heard that the situation of human rights at the national level raises persistent concerns in a number of areas. Foremost amongst the issues brought to my attention has been the question of the use of the military to engage in law enforcement activities. I emphasize that it is the primary obligation of the State to protect and defend life and physical security. In a situation of serious challenges to the State’s authority from heavily-armed organized criminals and severe deficiencies in law enforcement agencies, including widespread corruption, I acknowledge the dilemma faced by the authorities in discharging their responsibility to protect. However, recourse to the military remains problematic, as it is fundamentally unsuited – in training, philosophy, equipment and outlook - to perform civilian law enforcement functions. The focus must be on devoting urgently the necessary resources for reinforcing civilian agencies that work with integrity and professionalism. In the meantime, civilian courts should have jurisdiction over the acts of military personnel performing law enforcement functions, and effective remedies must be available for human rights violations perpetrated by military personnel”. Available at Http://www.hchr.org.mx/documentos/comunicados/–declaracionAltaComisionada8defebrero.pdf.

347

^ See Decree No. 89-12 published on May 25, 2012 in the Official Journal and Decree No. 202-12 published on December 22 2012 in the Official Journal, in which several articles of the Organic Law of the National Police of Honduras were reformed.

348

^ Diario Proceso Digital, How many Police are there in Honduras?, August 20, 2013. Available at: http://www.–proceso.hn/component/k2/item/16267.html.

349

^ Diario Proceso Digital, How many Police are there in Honduras?, August 20, 2013. Available at: http://www.–proceso.hn/component/k2/item/16267.html.

350

^ Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014. Request SSDHJ-090-2015 of March 20, 2015.

351

^ Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014. Request SSDHJ-090-2015 of March 20, 2015.

352

^ Government of Honduras. Information presented by the State of Honduras to the IACHR subsequent to the on-site visit made between December 1 and 5, 2014. Request SSDHJ-090-2015 of March 20, 2015.

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